ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Larry Brilliant - Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems.

Why you should listen

Larry Brilliant's career path, as unlikely as it is inspirational, has proven worthy of his surname. Trained as a doctor, he was living in a Himalayan monastery in the early 1970s when his guru told him he should help rid the world of smallpox. He joined the World Health Organization's eradication project, directed efforts to eliminate the disease in India and eventually presided over the last case of smallpox on the planet.

Not content with beating a single disease, he founded the nonprofit Seva Foundation, which has cured more than two million people of blindness in 15 countries through innovative surgery, self-sufficient eye care systems and low-cost manufacturing of intraocular lenses. Outside the medical field, he found time to cofound the legendary online community The Well, and run two public tech companies. Time and WIRED magazines call him a "technology visionary."

His 2006 TED Prize wish drew on both sides of his career: He challenged the TED community to help him build a global early-response system to spot new diseases as quickly as they emerge. Called InSTEDD, the system has grown into a network of 100 digital detection partners, which provide tools that help the UN, WHO and CDC track potential pandemics. 

Shortly after he won the TED Prize, Google executives asked Brilliant to run their new philanthropic arm, Google.org. So, between consulting on the WHO's polio eradication project and designing a disease-surveillance network, he harnessed Google's brains and billions in a mix of for-profit and nonprofit ventures tackling the global problems of disease, poverty and climate change. Today, Brilliant is Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, where he heads a team whose mission is to confront global threats imperiling humanity: pandemics, climate change, water security, nuclear proliferation and Middle East conflict.

More profile about the speaker
Larry Brilliant | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Larry Brilliant: My wish: Help me stop pandemics

拉里 布利连希望消灭传染病

Filmed:
854,467 views

拉里 布利连医生是2006年度TED大奖获得者,他在这个演讲里讲到了天花被消灭的故事,并且呼吁建立一个全球的监控体系,使之可以及时发现并且控制传染病,防止其蔓延。
- Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
I'm the luckiest幸运 guy in the world世界.
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我是世界上最幸运的人
00:28
I got to see the last case案件 of killer凶手 smallpox天花 in the world世界.
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我亲眼看到了世界最后一例的天花被消灭
00:32
I was in India印度 this past过去 year,
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今年我又到了印度
00:34
and I may可能 have seen看到 the last cases of polio脊髓灰质炎 in the world世界.
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我马上会看到世界最后一个小儿麻痹症案例
00:40
There's nothing that makes品牌 you feel more -- the blessing祝福 and the honor荣誉
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没有其他别的东西可以让你感到更加——尤其是当你在这一领域工作的话
00:44
of working加工 in a program程序 like that than to know
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看到这些疾病被消灭
00:48
that something that horrible可怕 no longer exists存在.
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没有比这更大的光荣与幸福了
00:52
So, I'm going to tell -- (Applause掌声) --
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接下来——(掌声)
00:56
so, I'm going to show显示 you some dirty pictures图片.
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我会给大家展示一些很难看的图片
00:59
They are difficult to watch, but you should look at them with optimism乐观
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它们很刺眼,但是我觉得我们需要以一种乐观主义的心态来看待它们
01:05
because the horror恐怖 of these pictures图片 will be matched匹配
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因为我们看到的这些恐怖的面容——
01:10
by the uplifting令人振奋 quality质量 of knowing会心 that they no longer exist存在.
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造成这样的疾病已经被根除了
01:15
But first I'm going to tell you a little bit about my own拥有 journey旅程.
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首先我想讲一下我自己的历史
01:20
My background背景 is not exactly究竟 the conventional常规 medical education教育
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我并不是从传统的医学院出来的
01:23
that you might威力 expect期望.
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你也许想象不到
01:27
When I was an intern实习生 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科,
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当我还是在旧金山当实习生的时候
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I heard听说 about a group of Native本地人 Americans美国人
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我听说有一群北美的土著
01:33
who had taken采取 over Alcatraz恶魔 Island,
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占据了恶魔岛
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and a Native本地人 American美国 who wanted to give birth分娩 on that island,
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还有个土著希望在那个岛上生产
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and no other doctor医生 wanted to go and help her give birth分娩.
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但是没有任何一个医生愿意去那里为她提供帮助
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I went out to Alcatraz恶魔, and I lived生活 on the island for several一些 weeks.
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于是我去了恶魔岛, 在那里住了好几个星期
01:46
She gave birth分娩; I caught抓住 the baby宝宝; I got off the island;
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她顺利的生下了孩子,我也离开了那个岛
01:49
I landed登陆 in San Francisco弗朗西斯科; and all the press wanted to talk to me
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去到了旧金山,所有的报纸都希望采访我
01:53
because my three weeks on the island made制作 me an expert专家 in Indian印度人 affairs事务.
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似乎我在那个岛上三周的生活使我成为了印度问题专家
01:58
I wound伤口 up on every一切 television电视 show显示.
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于是我就上了电视
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Someone有人 saw me on television电视; they called me up; and they asked me
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有人在电视上看到我,给我打电话
02:03
if I'd like to be in a movie电影 and to play a young年轻 doctor医生
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问我是否愿意在一部电影里扮演一个年轻医生的角色
02:06
for a bunch of rock and roll stars明星 who were traveling旅行 in a bus总线 ride
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一起的还有一班摇滚明星,他们要从旧金山坐汽车去到伦敦
02:09
from San Francisco弗朗西斯科 to England英国. And I said, yes, I would do that,
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我说,很好啊
02:13
so I became成为 the doctor医生 in an absolutely绝对 awful可怕 movie电影
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于是我就在一部相当糟糕的影片里当上了医生
02:17
called "Medicine医学 Ball Caravan大篷车."
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影片名字是"Medicine Ball Caravan."
02:20
Now, you know from the '60s,
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提到60年代
02:22
you're either on the bus总线 or you're off the bus总线.
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你不是在汽车上就是在汽车外
02:25
I was on the bus总线. My wife妻子 and I, of 37 years年份, joined加盟 the bus总线.
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我就在汽车上。我跟妻子两人加起来才37岁,就坐进了那样的汽车
02:28
Our bus总线 ride took us from San Francisco弗朗西斯科 to London伦敦.
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汽车把我们从旧金山带到了伦敦
02:31
We switched交换的 buses公共汽车 at the big pond池塘. We then got on two more buses公共汽车
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在大湖区我们 换了汽车,后来还上了另外两辆汽车
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and we drove开车 through通过 Turkey火鸡 and Iran伊朗, Afghanistan阿富汗,
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我们就穿过土耳其、伊朗、阿富汗
02:38
over the Khyber开伯尔 Pass通过, into Pakistan巴基斯坦, like every一切 other young年轻 doctor医生.
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经过开伯尔山口,进入巴基斯坦。那时候很多年轻的医生都是这样
02:43
This is us at the Khyber开伯尔 Pass通过, and that's our bus总线.
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这是我们在开伯尔山口的照片,那是我们的汽车
02:45
We had some difficulty困难 getting得到 over the Khyber开伯尔 Pass通过,
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要经过开伯尔山口还真不容易
02:49
but we wound伤口 up in India印度.
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但反正最后到了印度
02:52
And then, like everyone大家 else其他 in our generation,
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跟我们那个年代所有人一样
02:54
we went to live生活 in a Himalayan喜马拉雅 monastery修道院.
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我们去了喜马拉雅山的一座寺庙
02:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:00
This is just like a residency住院医师 program程序,
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就像是去那里实习
03:02
for those of you that are in medical school学校.
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假如你是在医学院的话应该知道
03:04
And we studied研究 with a wise明智的 man, a guru领袖 named命名 KaroliKaroli Baba巴巴,
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我们跟一非常智慧的导师学习,他叫Karoli Baba,
03:10
who then told me to get rid摆脱 of the dress连衣裙,
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后来他告诉我脱下这和尚袍
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put on a three-piece三件套 suit适合,
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穿上西装
03:15
go join加入 the United联合的 Nations国家 as a diplomat外交官
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加入联合国成为一名外交官
03:18
and work for the World世界 Health健康 Organization组织.
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为世界卫生组织工作
03:21
And he made制作 an outrageous蛮横的 prediction预测 that smallpox天花 would be eradicated根除,
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他甚至预言,天花最终会被消灭的
03:25
and that this was God's gift礼品 to humanity人性
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这将会是上帝带给人类的礼物
03:28
because of the hard work of dedicated专用 scientists科学家们.
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另外也多得科学家的努力
03:31
And that prediction预测 came来了 true真正, and this little girl女孩 is RahimaRahima Banu巴努,
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后来他的预言实现了,这个小女孩叫Rahima Banu,
03:36
and she was the last case案件 of killer凶手 smallpox天花 in the world世界.
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她是世界上最后一例的天花感染个案
03:40
And this document文件 is the certificate证书 that the global全球 commission佣金 signed
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这是一份文件,那是全球的委员会共同签署的
03:45
certifying认证 the world世界 to have eradicated根除 the first disease疾病 in history历史.
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显示人类历史上第一次消灭了一种疾病
03:51
The key to eradicating根除 smallpox天花 was early detection发现, early response响应.
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消灭天花关键是早发现、早反应
03:57
I'm going to ask you to repeat重复 that: early detection发现, early response响应.
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希望大家可以跟我重复一遍,早发现、早反应
04:01
Can you say that?
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可以吗?
04:03
Audience听众: Early detection发现, early response响应.
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早发现、早反应
04:05
Larry拉里 Brilliant辉煌: Smallpox天花 was the worst最差 disease疾病 in history历史.
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天花是历史上最糟糕的疾病
04:08
It killed杀害 more people than all the wars战争 in history历史.
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历史上因为感染这一疾病而死亡的人比所有在战争中死去的人还要多
04:11
In the last century世纪, it killed杀害 500 million百万 people.
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单单是20世纪,就有5亿人因为感染天花而死亡
04:17
More than two -- you're reading about Larry拉里 Page already已经,
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假如你已经看到了关于拉里·配奇的介绍
04:20
somebody reads very fast快速. (Laughter笑声)
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有人肯定是阅读得很快
04:22
In the year that Larry拉里 Page and Sergey谢尔盖 Brin布林 --
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在拉里·配奇和谢盖尔·柏林出生那一年
04:25
with whom I have a certain某些 affection感情 and a new affiliation联系 --
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我跟他们有些关系并且最近还成立了一个新的组织
04:28
in the year in which哪一个 they were born天生,
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他们出生那一年
04:30
two million百万 people died死亡 of smallpox天花.
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就有200万人因为这个病而死
04:33
We declared声明 smallpox天花 eradicated根除 in 1980.
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1980年,我们宣布世界根除了天花
04:38
This is the most important重要 slide滑动 that I've ever seen看到 in public上市 health健康
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这是我看到过的关于公共卫生的最重要一张幻灯片
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because it shows节目 you to be the richest首富 and the strongest最强,
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它告诉你,即使你再有钱、再健壮
04:46
and to be kings国王 and queens皇后 of the world世界,
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即使你是君王
04:48
did not protect保护 you from dying垂死 of smallpox天花.
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也不能免于天花之害
04:50
Never can you doubt怀疑 that we are all in this together一起.
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我们的命运都是联系在一起的,这一点无可质疑
04:55
But to see smallpox天花 from the perspective透视 of a sovereign君主
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但从国家的角度
04:59
is the wrong错误 perspective透视.
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来看天花是错误的
05:01
You should see it from the perspective透视 of a mother母亲
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你应当从一位母亲的角色来看这个问题
05:04
watching观看 her child儿童 develop发展 this disease疾病 and standing常设 by helplessly无奈.
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她只能看着自己的孩子受感染,而后病情一日一日恶化
05:08
Day one, day two, day three, day four, day five, day six.
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第一天、第二天、第三天、第四天、第五天、第六天
05:19
You're a mother母亲 and you're watching观看 your child儿童,
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你是母亲,看着自己的孩子这个模样
05:22
and on day six, you see pustules脓疱 that become成为 hard.
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到了第六天,你看到脓疱变硬
05:27
Day seven, they show显示 the classic经典 scars伤疤 of smallpox天花 umbilicationumbilication.
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第七天,就看到天花成脐形
05:33
Day eight.
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第八天
05:34
And Al Gore血块 said earlier that the most photographed拍照 image图片 in the world世界,
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戈尔不久前说世界上印刷数量最多的照片是
05:39
the most printed印刷的 image图片 in the world世界,
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地球的图片
05:41
was that of the Earth地球. But this was in 1974,
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但是在1974年
05:44
and as of that moment时刻 this photograph照片 was the photograph照片
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在那个时候,这张图片是
05:47
that was the most widely广泛 printed印刷的
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印刷最多的
05:49
because we printed印刷的 two billion十亿 copies副本 of this photograph照片,
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我们一共印了二十亿张
05:52
and we took them hand to hand, door to door,
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而后是逐家逐户的发放
05:55
to show显示 people and ask them if there was smallpox天花 in their house
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向人们询问他们家里是否有天花病人
06:00
because that was our surveillance监控 system系统. We didn't have Google谷歌;
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这就是我们的监控系统。我们那时候没有Google
06:04
we didn't have web卷筒纸 crawlers爬虫; we didn't have computers电脑.
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也没有网络爬虫,没有计算机
06:08
By day nine, you look at this picture图片, and you're horrified吓坏了.
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到第九天,看着这图片,你都会感到害怕
06:13
I look at this picture图片 and I say, "Thank God"
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而我看到这图片,会说“谢天谢地”
06:15
because it's clear明确 that this is only an ordinary普通 case案件 of smallpox天花,
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因为很明显,这仅仅是一个普通的天花个案
06:19
and I know this child儿童 will live生活.
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这个孩子是可以活下去的
06:22
And by day 13, the lesions病变 are scabbing结痂, his eyelids眼皮 are swollen,
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到了第十三天,伤痕会长痂,孩子的眼睑会下沉
06:27
but you know this child儿童 has no other secondary次要 infection感染.
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但可以知道,这孩子没有其他的二级感染
06:31
And by day 20, while he will be scarred伤痕累累 for life, he will live生活.
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这是到了第二十天,孩子也许会终身都带着伤疤,但是他还是可以活下来
06:36
There are other kinds of smallpox天花 that are not like that.
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还有别的天花并不是像这样的
06:40
This is confluent合流的 smallpox天花,
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这是一种发散型的天花
06:42
in which哪一个 there isn't a single place地点 on the body身体 where you could put a finger手指
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你看整个身体
06:46
and not be covered覆盖 by lesions病变.
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连一跟指头大小没有被感染的肌肤也没有
06:49
Flat平面 smallpox天花, which哪一个 killed杀害 100 percent百分 of people who got it.
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这是平坦天花, 一旦感染上就必定丧命
06:53
And hemorrhagic出血 smallpox天花, the most cruel残忍 of all,
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还有出血性天花,那是最毒的一种
06:57
which哪一个 had a predilection好发 for pregnant women妇女.
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怀孕妇女最容易感染
07:00
I've probably大概 had 50 women妇女 die. They all had hemorrhagic出血 smallpox天花.
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我见过至少50人因此而死亡,都是感染了这个病毒
07:04
I've never seen看到 anybody任何人 die from it who wasn't a pregnant woman女人.
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没有一个因此死去的不是怀孕妇女
07:09
In 1967, the WHO embarked开始 on what was an outrageous蛮横的 program程序
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1967年,世界卫生组织开始了一场极为浩大的运动
07:12
to eradicate根除 a disease疾病.
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要根除一种疾病
07:14
In that year, there were 34 countries国家 affected受影响 with smallpox天花.
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那一年,有34个国家有天花个案
07:18
By 1970, we were down to 18 countries国家.
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1970年,这一数字降到了18个
07:22
1974, we were down to five countries国家.
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1974年, 五个
07:24
But in that year, smallpox天花 exploded爆炸 throughout始终 India印度.
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但是那一年,天花在印度感染蔓延开了
07:29
And India印度 was the place地点 where smallpox天花 made制作 its last stand.
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也就是在印度,我们见到了最后一宗的天花
07:34
In 1974, India印度 had a population人口 of 600 million百万.
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1974年,印度有6亿人
07:37
There are 21 linguistic语言 states状态 in India印度,
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21种官方语言
07:40
which哪一个 is like saying 21 different不同 countries国家.
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也就是相当于有21个不同的国家
07:43
There are 20 million百万 people on the road at any time in buses公共汽车
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那个年代的任意时刻,都会有两千万的人不是在汽车上
07:46
and trains火车, walking步行, 500,000 villages村庄, 120 million百万 households,
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就是在火车上或在路上,我们走遍了50座村庄,走访了1.2亿户人家
07:52
and none没有 of them wanted to report报告 if they had a case案件 of smallpox天花 in their house
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但是没有人愿意跟我们说他们家有天花的个案
07:57
because they thought that smallpox天花 was the visitation探视 of a deity,
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他们认为感染天花是因为有天神降临
08:00
ShitalaShitala Mata马塔, the cooling冷却 mother母亲,
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那天神就是Shitala Mata, 降温女神
08:02
and it was wrong错误 to bring带来 strangers陌生人 into your house
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另外,把 陌生人带到屋子里也是不被接受的
08:06
when the deity was in the house. No incentive激励 to report报告 smallpox天花.
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因为神就在屋子里,所以没有人愿意报告天花的案例
08:11
It wasn't just India印度 that had smallpox天花 deities神佛;
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也不仅仅是在印度才有关于天花的神的传说
08:14
smallpox天花 deities神佛 were prevalent流行 all over the world世界.
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全世界各地都有这样的传说
08:18
So, how we eradicated根除 smallpox天花 was -- max最大 vaccination疫苗接种 wouldn't不会 work.
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那我们是怎么根除了天花的呢?要大范围的接种是不可能的
08:23
You could vaccinate接种疫苗 everybody每个人 in India印度,
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即使今年给全印度的人注射了疫苗,但是下一年马上又有
08:25
but one year later后来 there'll有会 be 21 million百万 new babies婴儿,
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两千一百万新生婴孩
08:28
which哪一个 was then the population人口 of Canada加拿大.
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这相当于加拿大的人口
08:30
It wouldn't不会 do just to vaccinate接种疫苗 everyone大家.
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所以实现人人接种是不可能的
08:33
You had to find every一切 single case案件 of smallpox天花 in the world世界
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必须是找到世界上每一个的天花案例去治疗
08:36
at the same相同 time and draw a circle of immunity免疫 around it.
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而与此同时也开展社区接种行动
08:39
And that's what we did.
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我们做的就是这个
08:42
In India印度 alone单独, my 150,000 best最好 friends朋友 and I
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单单是在印度,我就有15万的朋友跟我一起
08:45
went door to door with that same相同 picture图片
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挨家挨户的拿着这照片问
08:49
to every一切 single house in India印度. We made制作 over one billion十亿 house calls电话.
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一共做了十亿次的家访
08:54
And in the process处理, I learned学到了 something very important重要.
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在这一过程中,我学到了很重要一点
08:58
Every一切 time we did a house-to-house房子对房子 search搜索,
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我们每做一次家访
09:02
we had a spike in the number of reports报告 of smallpox天花.
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都会看到患病人数在上升
09:08
When we didn't search搜索, we had the illusion错觉 that there was no disease疾病.
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当我们不是在调查的时候,会有一种错觉,认为这病已经根除了
09:12
When we did search搜索, we had the illusion错觉 that there was more disease疾病.
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当我们在做调查的时候,就有另外 一种幻觉,以为事实比我们知道的严重得多
09:17
A surveillance监控 system系统 was necessary必要
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必须建立一个监控的体系
09:19
because what we needed需要 was early detection发现, early response响应.
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因为我们需要的是早发现早反应
09:26
So, we searched搜索 and we searched搜索, and we found发现
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我们不断的开展调查,并且找到了
09:29
every一切 case案件 of smallpox天花 in India印度. We had a reward奖励.
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印度的每一宗天花案例
09:32
We raised上调 the reward奖励. We continued继续 to increase增加 the reward奖励.
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我们设立一个举报的奖励机制。并且逐步提高奖金数额
09:36
We had a scorecard记分卡 that we wrote on every一切 house.
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在每家每户的得分板上都写着
09:40
And as we did that, the number of reported报道 cases in the world世界 dropped下降 to zero,
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采取了这样的措施后,向我们报告患病的人数降到了零
09:45
and in 1980 we declared声明 the globe地球 free自由 of smallpox天花.
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1980年,我们宣布,天花在这个地球上被完全消灭
09:51
It was the largest最大 campaign运动 in United联合的 Nations国家 history历史 until直到 the Iraq伊拉克 war战争.
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那是联合国在伊战以前所发起的最大一场运动
09:57
150,000 people from all over the world世界,
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来自全球的15万位医生
10:02
doctors医生 of every一切 race种族, religion宗教, culture文化 and nation国家,
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他们来自不同的种族、宗教、文化以及国家
10:05
who fought战斗 side by side, brothers兄弟 and sisters姐妹, with each other,
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大家并肩作战
10:10
not against反对 each other, in a common共同 cause原因 to make the world世界 better.
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为的是使得这个世界变得更加美好
10:16
But smallpox天花 was the fourth第四 disease疾病 that was intended for eradication根除.
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但天花是人类历史上第四次发起针对疾病的行动
10:20
We failed失败 three other times.
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我们先前的三次行动都失败了
10:22
We failed失败 against反对 malaria疟疾, yellow黄色 fever发热 and yaws雅司病.
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我们对疟疾、黄热病以及 yaws 的斗争都失败了
10:25
But soon不久 we may可能 see polio脊髓灰质炎 eradicated根除.
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但后来我们看到了小儿麻痹症被消灭
10:29
But the key to eradicating根除 polio脊髓灰质炎 is early detection发现, early response响应.
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而实现这一目标的方法是早发现、早应对
10:35
This may可能 be the year we eradicate根除 polio脊髓灰质炎 --
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今年我们也许可以赢得对小儿麻痹症的斗争
10:38
that will make it the second第二 disease疾病 in history历史.
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它将成为人类历史上第二次战胜一个疾病
10:41
And David大卫 Heymann海曼, who's谁是 watching观看 this on the webcast网络直播 --
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David Heymann, 他现在也在看直播
10:45
David大卫, keep on going. We're close. We're down to four countries国家.
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David, 坚持这样的斗争吧,我们马上就要胜利了。现在只剩下四个国家有感染个案了
10:50
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
10:56
I feel like Hank汉克 Aaron亚伦. Barry巴里 Bonds债券 can replace更换 me any time.
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现在我就像棒球手Hank Aaron一样,Barry Bonds什么时候都能顶替我
11:00
Let's get another另一个 disease疾病 off the list名单 of terrible可怕 things to worry担心 about.
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让我们再看看另外一个可怕的疾病
11:05
I was just in India印度 working加工 on the polio脊髓灰质炎 program程序.
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不久前我在印度做小儿麻痹症的项目
11:08
The polio脊髓灰质炎 surveillance监控 program程序 is four million百万 people going door to door.
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这个项目我们逐家逐户的走访了400万户人家
11:14
That is the surveillance监控 system系统.
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这就是监控体系
11:16
But we need to have early detection发现, early response响应.
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但需要强调的是,我们要早发现,早反应
11:20
Blindness失明, the same相同 thing. The key to discovering发现 blindness失明
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失明也是同样的道理。发现失明的关键是
11:24
is doing epidemiological流行病学 surveys调查 and finding发现 out the causes原因 of blindness失明
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做传染病调查,并且发现致盲的原因
11:29
so you can mount安装 the correct正确 response响应.
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只有这样,我们才能找到正确的应对方法
11:32
The Seva塞瓦 Foundation基础 was started开始 by a group of alumni校友
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Seva 基金会就是由当年参与消灭天花的
11:36
of the smallpox天花 eradication根除 program程序 who,
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那群英雄发起的
11:39
having climbed爬上 the highest最高 mountain,
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他们登过了世界最高的山峰
11:42
tasted the elixir of the success成功 of eradicating根除 a disease疾病,
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尝试过因消灭一个顽疾而产生的快感
11:47
wanted to do it again.
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并且希望再来一次
11:49
And over the last 27 years年份, Seva's塞瓦的 programs程式 in 15 countries国家
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过去27年里,Seva基金会的项目在15个国家
11:53
have given特定 back sight视力 to more than two million百万 blind people.
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为200万人恢复了光明
11:57
Seva塞瓦 got started开始 because we wanted to apply应用 these lessons教训
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因为我们希望把这样的预警以及相关的传染疾病的知识
12:01
of surveillance监控 and epidemiology流行病学
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应用到一个没有人会意识到
12:03
to something which哪一个 nobody没有人 else其他 was looking at
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是公共医疗问题的领域
12:06
as a public上市 health健康 issue问题: blindness失明,
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也就是失明
12:09
which哪一个 heretofore过去 had been thought of only as a clinical临床 disease疾病.
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人们以前认为那只是一个门诊能解决的病
12:12
In 1980, Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作 gave me that computer电脑, which哪一个 is Apple苹果 number 12,
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1980年,乔布斯把一台苹果电脑送给我,那是他们出产的第12台电脑
12:18
and it's still in Kathmandu加德满都, and it's still working加工,
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它现在还在加德满都,并且还能用
12:21
and we ought应该 to go get it and auction拍卖 it off and make more money for Seva塞瓦.
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我想我们得去那里找到那台电脑,把它拍卖掉,拿那些钱用于支持Seva项目
12:26
And we conducted进行 the first Nepal尼泊尔 survey调查 ever doneDONE for health健康,
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我们也在尼泊尔开展了该国第一次的人口普查
12:30
and the first nationwide全国 blindness失明 survey调查 ever doneDONE,
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以及第一次全国失明个案调查
12:33
and we had astonishing惊人 results结果.
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得到的结果是让人惊讶的
12:35
Instead代替 of finding发现 out what we thought was the case案件 --
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因为它跟我们设想的相差很大
12:38
that blindness失明 was caused造成 mostly大多 by glaucoma青光眼 and trachoma沙眼 --
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我们以为失明大多数是因为青光眼或沙眼所致
12:42
we were astounded震惊 to find out that blindness失明 was caused造成 instead代替 by cataract白内障.
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但我们调查发现,失明的原因更多的是白内障
12:48
You can't cure治愈 or prevent避免 what you don't know is there.
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要知道,医生只有当他知道事实上生了什么病,他才能对症下药
12:55
In your TEDTED packages there's a DVDDVD, "Infinite无穷 Vision视力,"
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在你的TED礼品包里,有一张DVD,其标题是《无限视野》
12:59
about Dr博士. V and the Aravind亚拉文 Eye Hospital醫院.
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就是关于V博士以及他所创办的阿拉文眼科医院的
13:02
I hope希望 that you will take a look at it.
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希望大家有时间去看看
13:04
Aravind亚拉文, which哪一个 started开始 as a Seva塞瓦 project项目,
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阿拉文医院,一开始时是Seva基金会的一个项目
13:06
is now the world's世界 largest最大 and best最好 eye hospital醫院.
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现在已经发展成为世界最好的眼科医院
13:09
This year, that one hospital醫院 will give back sight视力
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今年一年,阿拉文将可以帮助
13:12
to more than 300,000 people in Tamil泰米尔人 Nadu德邦, India印度.
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印度泰米尔纳德邦30万人恢复视力
13:16
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
13:20
Bird flu流感. I stand here as a representative代表 of all terrible可怕 things --
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还有禽流感。我站在这里是代表了各种悲剧性的事情
13:24
this might威力 be the worst最差.
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这也许会变得更糟
13:27
The key to preventing防止 or mitigating缓解 pandemic流感大流行 bird flu流感
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解决和控制传染性禽流感的方法是
13:31
is early detection发现 and rapid快速 response响应.
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早发现、早反应
13:34
We will not have a vaccine疫苗 or adequate充足 supplies耗材 of an antiviral抗病毒
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假如禽流感在未来3年内发生
13:39
to combat战斗 bird flu流感 if it occurs发生 in the next下一个 three years年份.
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我们是没有疫苗或足够的抗病毒药物来与之进行搏斗的
13:43
WHO stages阶段 the progress进展 of a pandemic流感大流行.
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世界卫生组织在记录着病毒的发展情况
13:47
We are now at stage阶段 three on the pandemic流感大流行 alert警报 stage阶段,
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我们现在是处于病毒警戒的第3级
13:51
with just a little bit of human-to-human人对人 transmission传输,
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有一点点的人传人现象
13:55
but no human-to-human-to-human人对人对人 sustained持续 transmission传输.
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但还没有出现连续性的传染
13:59
The moment时刻 WHO says we've我们已经 moved移动 to category类别 four,
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当世卫说,我们到达第4警戒级别的时候
14:03
this will not be like Katrina卡特里娜. The world世界 as we know it will stop.
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我们看到的将会是比卡特里那风灾后更悲惨的世界。因为整个世界都将停滞下来
14:08
There'll有会 be no airplanes飞机 flying飞行.
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没有任何的飞机敢起飞
14:10
Would you get in an airplane飞机 with 250 people you didn't know,
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试想一下,假如一架飞机上的250名乘客里
14:13
coughing咳嗽 and sneezing打喷嚏, when you knew知道 that some of them
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有人在感冒咳嗽,你知道他们有可能把病传染给你
14:16
might威力 carry携带 a disease疾病 that could kill you,
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并且这个病可以引致死亡,你也找不到药来医这种病
14:18
for which哪一个 you had no antivirals抗病毒药物 or vaccine疫苗?
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你还敢搭这飞机吗?
14:21
I did a study研究 of the top最佳 epidemiologists流行病学家 in the world世界 in October十月.
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10月的时候,我对世界上最顶尖的流行病学家进行了一次调查
14:26
I asked them -- these are all fluologistsfluologists and specialists专家 in influenza流感 --
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我问他们——他们都是流感方面的专家
14:30
and I asked them the questions问题 you'd like to ask them.
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我提出的问题跟你们希望提的问题一样
14:33
What do you think the likelihood可能性 is that there'll有会 be a pandemic流感大流行?
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你预言流感再次爆发的几率有多大?
14:36
If it happens发生, how bad do you think it will be?
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假如真的发生,你认为最坏会发生怎样的结果?
14:39
15 percent百分 said they thought there'd这红色 be a pandemic流感大流行 within three years年份.
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有15%的人说,未来3年内会发生
14:44
But much worse更差 than that,
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而更糟糕的是
14:46
90 percent百分 said they thought there'd这红色 be a pandemic流感大流行
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他们当中有90%的人认为我们的子辈和孙辈长大后
14:49
within your children孩子 or your grandchildren's孙子的 lifetime一生.
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必将会发生流感爆发
14:53
And they thought that if there was a pandemic流感大流行,
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假如真的出现
14:57
a billion十亿 people would get sick生病.
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将会有10亿人患病
15:00
As many许多 as 165 million百万 people would die.
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并且将有1.65亿的人因此而死亡
15:03
There would be a global全球 recession不景气 and depression萧条
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全球经济也将走向萧条和衰退
15:06
as our just-in-time刚刚在时间 inventory库存 system系统
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人类临危而应对的那种体系将倒台
15:08
and the tight rubber橡胶 band of globalization全球化 broke打破,
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整个全球化的框架将崩溃
15:12
and the cost成本 to our economy经济 of one to three trillion dollars美元
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并且会给我们带来3万亿美元的经济损失
15:16
would be far worse更差 for everyone大家 than merely仅仅 100 million百万 people dying垂死
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不单是有1亿人因此而死,还有
15:21
because so many许多 more people would lose失去 their job工作
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很多人会因此而失去工作
15:24
and their healthcare卫生保健 benefits好处
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他们的医疗保障也会丧失
15:26
that the consequences后果 are almost几乎 unthinkable不可思议的.
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整个后果简直是不堪设想
15:30
And it's getting得到 worse更差 because travel旅行 is getting得到 so much better.
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并且随着交通变得越来越便利,情况变得越来越糟糕
15:37
Let me show显示 you a simulation模拟 of what a pandemic流感大流行 looks容貌 like
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让 我给大家演示一下,发生大流感是怎样子的
15:42
so we know what we're talking about.
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我们讲的就是流感
15:45
Let's assume承担, for example, that the first case案件 occurs发生 in South Asia亚洲.
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我们假设第一个案例出现在南亚
15:50
It initially原来 goes quite相当 slowly慢慢地.
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一开始时是悄无声息的
15:52
You get two or three discrete离散的 locations地点.
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逐渐在其他一两个地方也发生了感染
15:57
Then there'll有会 be secondary次要 outbreaks爆发, and the disease疾病 will spread传播
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之后会有二级感染,病毒也会
16:02
from country国家 to country国家 so fast快速 that you won't惯于 know what hit击中 you.
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从一个国家传到另一个国家,你甚至不知道什么病毒将会光临你身上
16:06
Within three weeks it will be everywhere到处 in the world世界.
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三周之后,病毒就传遍了全世界
16:10
Now, if we had an "undo解开" button按键, and we could go back and isolate隔离 it
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假如我们可以返回,并且在这个病毒一出现的时候就抓到它
16:16
and grab it when it first started开始. If we could find it early,
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假如我们可以很轻松的发现这个病毒
16:19
and we had early detection发现 and early response响应,
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并且早发现早反应
16:22
and we could put each one of those viruses病毒 in jail监狱 --
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我们就能将这些病毒放到“监狱”了
16:25
that's the only way to deal合同 with something like a pandemic流感大流行.
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这是我们应对大流感的唯一办法
16:32
And let me show显示 you why that is.
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接着就解释一下
16:35
We have a joke玩笑. This is an epidemic疫情 curve曲线, and everyone大家 in medicine医学,
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我们圈内有个笑话。这是病毒传播的一个图
16:39
I think, ultimately最终 gets得到 to know what it is.
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我想医疗药品行业的应当会知道
16:41
But the joke玩笑 is, an epidemiologist流行病学家 likes喜欢 to arrive到达 at an epidemic疫情
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这个笑话是说,流行病学家喜欢
16:45
right here and ride to glory荣耀 on the downhill下坡 curve曲线.
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一头栽到这里,而后走向另一侧的荣誉
16:49
But you don't get to do that usually平时.
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但是通常都做不到
16:51
You usually平时 arrive到达 right about here.
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你通常只能到达这里
16:54
What we really want is to arrive到达 right here, so we can stop the epidemic疫情.
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但我们所希望的是到达这里,这样我们才能够阻止流行病的扩散
16:59
But you can't always do that. But there's an organization组织
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但不能每次都做到,但是有 一个组织
17:02
that has been able能够 to find a way to learn学习 when the first cases occur发生,
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他们却做到了在每一次有新个案出现的时候都知道这些个案
17:07
and that is called GPHINGPHIN.
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它就是GPHIN
17:09
It's the Global全球 Public上市 Health健康 Information信息 Network网络.
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全称是“全球公共健康信息网”
17:12
And that simulation模拟 that I showed显示 you that you thought was bird flu流感 --
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刚才给大家看到的这个模拟图你会以为是禽流感
17:16
that was SARSSARS. And SARSSARS is the pandemic流感大流行 that did not occur发生.
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事实上那是非典。非典就是一个没有真正在全球范围内广泛传播的流行病
17:20
And it didn't occur发生 because GPHINGPHIN found发现 the pandemic-to-be流感大流行将要 of SARSSARS
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因为GPHIN发现了这个后来演变为非典的病毒
17:27
three months个月 before WHO actually其实 announced公布 it,
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它比世卫发现这一病毒还要早3个月
17:33
and because of that we were able能够 to stop the SARSSARS pandemic流感大流行.
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正是因为如此,我们才能阻止非典的蔓延
17:37
And I think we owe a great debt债务 of gratitude感谢 to GPHINGPHIN and to Ron罗恩 St. John约翰,
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我想我们要感谢GPHIN以及Ron St. John所做出的努力
17:42
who I hope希望 is in the audience听众 some place地点 -- over there --
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我想他就在我们中间——就在那里
17:45
who's谁是 the founder创办人 of GPHINGPHIN.
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他是GPHIN的创始人
17:47
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
17:48
Hello你好, Ron罗恩.
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Ron, 你好!
17:50
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
17:58
And TEDTED has flown飞行 Ron罗恩 here from Ottawa渥太华, where GPHINGPHIN is located位于,
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TED让Ron从渥太华飞到这里来了,GPHIN总部就在那边
18:03
because not only did GPHINGPHIN find SARSSARS early, but
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这个机构不单最早发现了非典
18:08
you may可能 have seen看到 last week that Iran伊朗 announced公布 that they had bird flu流感 in Iran伊朗,
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伊朗上周说他们国内出现了禽流感
18:14
but GPHINGPHIN found发现 the bird flu流感 in Iran伊朗 not February二月 14 but last September九月.
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GPHIN则早在去年的9月份就已经发现了那里出现禽流感个案
18:20
We need an early-warning预先警告 system系统
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我们需要一个早期预警系统
18:22
to protect保护 us against反对 the things that are humanity's人类的 worst最差 nightmare恶梦.
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只有这样,我们才能避免走向人类最可怕的梦魇
18:27
And so my TEDTED wish希望 is based基于 on the common共同 denominator分母 of these experiences经验.
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所以我的TED愿望正是基于以上的这些经历提出的
18:33
Smallpox天花 -- early detection发现, early response响应.
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对于天花,我们要早发现,早反应
18:35
Blindness失明, polio脊髓灰质炎 -- early detection发现, early response响应.
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对于失明、小儿麻痹症,同样是早发现早反应
18:39
Pandemic流感大流行 bird flu流感 -- early detection发现, early response响应. It is a litany一连串.
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对于禽流感,同样,早发现早反应。道理就是这样一句话
18:44
It is so obvious明显 that our only way of dealing交易 with these new diseases疾病
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我们应对这些新型疾病的唯一手段
18:49
is to find them early and to kill them before they spread传播.
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就是及早发现,并且在其蔓延开来之前将其灭绝
18:54
So, my TEDTED wish希望 is for you to help build建立 a global全球 system系统,
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所以我的TED愿望就是建立一个全球的监控体系
18:58
an early-warning预先警告 system系统,
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早期预警系统
19:00
to protect保护 us against反对 humanity's人类的 worst最差 nightmares噩梦.
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来保护人类免遭这些传染病的侵袭
19:04
And what I thought I would call it is "Early Detection发现,"
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我想,可以称之为早期监控
19:11
but it should really be called "Total Early Detection发现."
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但它更应当被称作“全面早期监控”(TED)
19:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
19:18
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
19:31
But in all seriousness严肃 --
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我是认真的——
19:33
because this idea理念 is birthed生产经历 in TEDTED,
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因为这个想法是在TED诞生的
19:36
I would like it to be a legacy遗产 of TEDTED, and I'd like to call it
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我希望它可以成为TED的一个遗产
19:42
the "International国际 System系统 for Total Early Disease疾病 Detection发现."
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所以我希望将其命名为“国际早期传染病全面监控系统”
19:51
And INSTEDDINSTEDD then becomes our mantra口头禅.
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于是INSTEDD成为了我们的口头禅
19:58
So instead代替 of a hidden pandemic流感大流行 of bird flu流感,
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不是等待一个潜伏的禽流感
20:01
we find it and immediately立即 contain包含 it.
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而是及早发现并马上控制它
20:04
Instead代替 of a novel小说 virus病毒 caused造成 by bio-terror生物恐怖 or bio-error生物错误,
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不是坐视生物恐怖行为或生物实验失误
20:08
or shift转移 or drift漂移, we find it, and we contain包含 it.
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我们是发现它并控制它
20:13
Instead代替 of industrial产业 accidents事故 like oil spills泄漏 or the catastrophe灾难 in Bhopal博帕尔,
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不是坐视类似工业意外或类似Bhopal那样的生态灾难
20:18
we find them, and we respond响应 to them.
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我们是发现它们,并且马上给予反应
20:22
Instead代替 of famine饥荒, hidden until直到 it is too late晚了, we detect检测 it, and we respond响应.
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不是看着饥荒坐视不管,我们发现它并采取反应
20:29
And instead代替 of a system系统,
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不是建立一个系统
20:31
which哪一个 is owned拥有的 by a government政府 and hidden in the bowels肠子 of government政府,
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让它由政府控制,并且存放于政府的某个角落
20:35
let's build建立 an early detection发现 system系统
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让我们建立一个早期预警监控系统
20:37
that's freely自如 available可得到 to anyone任何人 in the world世界 in their own拥有 language语言.
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使得全世界人都能使用,并且可以使用他们自己的语言版本
20:42
Let's make it transparent透明, non-governmental民间,
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让我们把它建成一个透明的、非政府控制的系统
20:47
not owned拥有的 by any single country国家 or company公司,
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它不会属于某个国家或公司
20:50
housed安置 in a neutral中性 country国家, with redundant backup备用
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并且会在一个中立国家被托管
20:53
in a different不同 time zone and a different不同 continent大陆,
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在不同时区以及不同的大陆上也有足够的备份
20:57
and let's build建立 it on GPHINGPHIN. Let's start开始 with GPHINGPHIN.
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让我们就在GPHIN的基础上建立这个系统,让我们从GPHIN开始
21:01
Let's increase增加 the websites网站 that they crawl爬行 from 20,000 to 20 million百万.
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让我们把GPHIN所抓取的网站数量从2万提升到2000万
21:06
Let's increase增加 the languages语言 they crawl爬行 from seven to 70, or more.
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让我们扩充其抓取源的语言数量,增加到70或更多
21:12
Let's build建立 in outbound出站 confirmation确认 messages消息
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让我们建立一个允许市民发布信息的平台
21:15
using运用 text文本 messages消息 or SMS短信 or instant瞬间 messaging消息
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使得人们可以用手机短信来告知我们最新疫情
21:19
to find out from people who are within 100 meters of the rumor谣言 that you hear
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当谣言传出时,让人们有办法了解到离自身方圆100米内的市民的动态
21:23
if it is, in fact事实, valid有效.
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假如谣言会演变为真相的话
21:25
And let's add satellite卫星 confirmation确认.
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让我们加上卫星确认机制
21:27
And we'll add Gapminder'sGapminder的 amazing惊人 graphics图像 to the front面前 end结束.
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我们还可以把Gapminder的精彩图像放到这一系统的界面上
21:31
And we'll grow增长 it as a moral道德 force in the world世界,
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我们可以将此作为一种道德行动去推进
21:35
finding发现 out those terrible可怕 things before anybody任何人 else其他 knows知道 about them,
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最快的去发现那些糟糕的事情
21:40
and sending发出 our response响应 to them. So that next下一个 year,
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并且作出反应
21:44
instead代替 of us meeting会议 here,
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我们都这样做的话,下一年我们再次在此相聚之时
21:46
lamenting感叹 how many许多 terrible可怕 things there are in the world世界,
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我们不再抱怨 世界发生了多少糟糕的事情
21:49
we will have pulled together一起, used the unique独特 skills技能
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我们将有办法通过这些手段以及动员
21:52
and the magic魔法 of this community社区,
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这一社区的力量
21:56
and be proud骄傲 that we have doneDONE everything we can to stop pandemics流行病,
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我们可以骄傲的宣布,我们尽了我们之所能去阻止传染病的发生
21:59
other catastrophes灾难, and change更改 the world世界 beginning开始 right now.
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我们避免了许多灾难的发生,我们从此刻开始就在改变世界
22:04
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
22:23
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: An amazing惊人 presentation介绍. First of all,
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安德森:这是十分精彩的演讲
22:27
just so everyone大家 understands理解, you're saying that by building建造 --
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首先,为了让大家都明白,你是说
22:31
by creating创建 web卷筒纸 crawlers爬虫, looking on the Internet互联网 for patterns模式,
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通过网站信息的抓取,可以发现一些潜在的规律和模式
22:36
they can detect检测 something suspicious可疑 before WHO,
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并且可以赶在世卫之前发现这些疾病
22:42
before anyone任何人 else其他 can see it?
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这是真的吗?
22:44
Just explain说明. Give an example of how that could possibly或者 be true真正.
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你能解释一下吗?比方说举一个例子
22:47
Larry拉里 Brilliant辉煌: First of all, you're not mad about the copyright版权 violation违反?
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好,首先,你对侵犯版权不会感到十分愤怒吧?
22:50
CACA: No. I love it. (Laughter笑声)
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不,我喜欢
22:53
LB: Well, you know, as Ron罗恩 St. John约翰 -- I hope希望 you'll你会 go and meet遇到 him
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Ron St. John所做的就是这个
22:56
in the dinner晚餐 afterwards之后 and talk to him --
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等下你可以在晚餐的时候见到他跟他聊几句
22:59
When he started开始 GPHINGPHIN -- In 1997, there was an outbreak暴发 of bird flu流感.
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他于1997年创立了GPHIN,那一年刚好发生禽流感
23:05
H5N1. It was in Hong香港 Kong. And a remarkable卓越 doctor医生 in Hong香港 Kong
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是H5N1,地点是香港
23:09
responded回应 immediately立即 by slaughtering屠宰 1.5 million百万 chickens and birds鸟类,
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香港有位很英明的医生马上勒令宰杀150万只鸡和其他家禽
23:15
and they stopped停止 that outbreak暴发 in its tracks轨道.
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他们通过一些传染途径发现了禽流感的发生
23:18
Immediate即时 detection发现, immediate即时 response响应.
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那就是马上发现马上行动
23:21
Then a number of years年份 went by,
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之后又过了几年
23:23
and there were a lot of rumors传闻 about bird flu流感.
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又传出关于禽流感的谣言
23:25
Ron罗恩 and his team球队 in Ottawa渥太华 began开始 to crawl爬行 the web卷筒纸,
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Ron和他的同事就在渥太华开始抓取相关网站信息
23:29
only crawling爬行 20,000 different不同 websites网站, mostly大多 periodicals期刊,
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那时候只抓取了2万个网站,基本是一些期刊
23:34
and they read about and heard听说 about a concern关心 of a lot of children孩子
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他们读到了不少关于鸡的报道以及人们的担忧
23:39
who had high fever发热 and symptoms症状 of bird flu流感.
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很多人都发高烧,并且有禽流感的症状
23:42
They reported报道 this to WHO. WHO took a little while taking服用 action行动
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于是他们向世卫报告了这一情况,世卫还过了一段时间才作出反应
23:47
because WHO will only receive接收 a report报告 from a government政府,
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因为世卫通常只接受政府提交的报告
23:52
because it's the United联合的 Nations国家.
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因为它是联合国的一个机构
23:54
But they were able能够 to point to WHO and let them know
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但是GPHIN却告诉世卫说
23:58
that there was this surprising奇怪 and unexplained原因不明 cluster of illnesses疾病
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出现了这样一例可疑的
24:02
that looked看着 like bird flu流感.
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并且难以解释的类似禽流感的病毒
24:04
That turned转身 out to be SARSSARS.
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最后人们发现那就是非典
24:06
That's how the world世界 found发现 out about SARSSARS.
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这就是我们发现非典病毒的故事
24:08
And because of that we were able能够 to stop SARSSARS.
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正是因为早发现,我们才能控制非典
24:12
Now, what's really important重要 is that, before there was GPHINGPHIN,
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更重要的是,在GPHIN出现以前
24:15
100 percent百分 of all the world's世界 reports报告 of bad things --
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世界100%的报告都是关于坏消息的
24:19
whether是否 you're talking about famine饥荒 or you're talking about bird flu流感
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不管是关于饥荒或禽流感
24:22
or you're talking about Ebola埃博拉病毒 --
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或伊博拉病毒
24:24
100 percent百分 of all those reports报告 came来了 from nations国家.
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所有这些由政府提交的报告都是关于坏事情的
24:27
The moment时刻 these guys in Ottawa渥太华, on a budget预算 of 800,000 dollars美元 a year,
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之后我们看到了这个来自渥太华的机构,他们只有每年80万美元的经费
24:32
got cracking开裂, 75 percent百分 of all the reports报告 in the world世界 came来了 from GPHINGPHIN,
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却提交了75%的报告
24:38
25 percent百分 of all the reports报告 in the world世界
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其他180个国家政府加起来
24:40
came来了 from all the other 180 nations国家.
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只占25%
24:43
Now, here's这里的 what's real真实 interesting有趣,
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最为有趣的是
24:45
after they'd他们会 been working加工 for a couple一对 years年份,
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他们做这个事情几年后
24:48
what do you think happened发生 to those nations国家?
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你说政府会怎么想?
24:51
They felt pretty漂亮 stupid, so they started开始 sending发出 in their reports报告 earlier.
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他们感到自己这样做不行,就很早提交报告
24:54
Now their reporting报告 percentage百分比 is down to 50 percent百分
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现在他们的报告比例下降到了50%
24:57
because other nations国家 have started开始 to report报告.
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因为其他国家也可以提交报告
25:00
So, can you find diseases疾病 early by crawling爬行 the web卷筒纸?
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所以你问我们能够通过抓取网站来知道发生了什么疾病吗?
25:04
Of course课程 you can. Can you find it even earlier than GPHINGPHIN does now?
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那是当然的。我们能够做得比GPHIN更早吗?
25:09
Of course课程 you can. You saw that they found发现 SARSSARS
388
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当然也是可能的
25:12
using运用 their Chinese中文 web卷筒纸 crawler履带式 a full充分 six weeks
389
1487000
4000
他们发现非典是抓取中文网络内容,花了6周时间
25:16
before they found发现 it using运用 their English英语 web卷筒纸 crawler履带式.
390
1491000
4000
之后才在英文网站上见到相关报道
25:20
Well, they're only crawling爬行 in seven languages语言.
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他们现在只抓取7种语言
25:22
These bad viruses病毒 really don't have any intention意向 of showing展示 up
392
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但是这些病毒是不会倾向于首先
25:25
first in English英语 or Spanish西班牙语 or French法国.
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在英语或法语或西班牙语国家出现的
25:27
(Laughter笑声)
394
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1000
(笑声)
25:28
So, yes, I want to take GPHINGPHIN; I want to build建立 on it;
395
1503000
6000
所以说,我希望可以在GPHIN的基础上
25:34
I want to add all the languages语言 of the world世界 that we possibly或者 can;
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4000
加入更多的语言
25:38
I want to make this open打开 to everybody每个人
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2000
使得整个系统变得更加开放
25:40
so that the health健康 officer in Nairobi内罗毕 or in Patna巴特那, Bihar比哈尔邦
398
1515000
3000
让内罗毕或Patna或Bihar的医生
25:43
will have as much access访问 to it as the folks乡亲 in Ottawa渥太华 or in CDCCDC;
399
1518000
5000
也能跟西方的医生一样,获取到重要的信息
25:48
and I want to make it part部分 of our culture文化 that there is a community社区
400
1523000
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我希望这会成为一个社区
25:52
of people who are watching观看 out for the worst最差 nightmares噩梦 of humanity人性,
401
1527000
4000
这样一群人,他们在密切注视着人类梦魇的出现
25:56
and that it's accessible无障碍 to everyone大家.
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2000
并且随时准备好告诉世人
Translated by Tony Yet
Reviewed by Zachary Lin Zhao

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Larry Brilliant - Epidemiologist, philanthropist
TED Prize winner Larry Brilliant has spent his career solving the ills of today -- from overseeing the last smallpox cases to saving millions from blindness -- and building technologies of the future. Now, as Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, he's redefining how we solve the world's biggest problems.

Why you should listen

Larry Brilliant's career path, as unlikely as it is inspirational, has proven worthy of his surname. Trained as a doctor, he was living in a Himalayan monastery in the early 1970s when his guru told him he should help rid the world of smallpox. He joined the World Health Organization's eradication project, directed efforts to eliminate the disease in India and eventually presided over the last case of smallpox on the planet.

Not content with beating a single disease, he founded the nonprofit Seva Foundation, which has cured more than two million people of blindness in 15 countries through innovative surgery, self-sufficient eye care systems and low-cost manufacturing of intraocular lenses. Outside the medical field, he found time to cofound the legendary online community The Well, and run two public tech companies. Time and WIRED magazines call him a "technology visionary."

His 2006 TED Prize wish drew on both sides of his career: He challenged the TED community to help him build a global early-response system to spot new diseases as quickly as they emerge. Called InSTEDD, the system has grown into a network of 100 digital detection partners, which provide tools that help the UN, WHO and CDC track potential pandemics. 

Shortly after he won the TED Prize, Google executives asked Brilliant to run their new philanthropic arm, Google.org. So, between consulting on the WHO's polio eradication project and designing a disease-surveillance network, he harnessed Google's brains and billions in a mix of for-profit and nonprofit ventures tackling the global problems of disease, poverty and climate change. Today, Brilliant is Chair of the Skoll Global Threats Fund, where he heads a team whose mission is to confront global threats imperiling humanity: pandemics, climate change, water security, nuclear proliferation and Middle East conflict.

More profile about the speaker
Larry Brilliant | Speaker | TED.com