Chautauqua Institution
Robert Thurman: Expanding your circle of compassion
罗伯特 瑟曼： 培养并拓展你的慈悲心
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即使是对我们所爱的人，我们还是很难总是做到慈悲。但是罗伯特•瑟曼却号召我们要从爱我们的敌人开始发展我们的慈悲心。他讲述了7步禅修方法，从而让我们能从内心世界中实践和拓展慈悲心。
Robert Thurman - Buddhist scholar
The first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace. Full bio
The first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to open by quoting Einstein's wonderful statement,
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我想以爱因斯坦的精彩的名言开始我的讲话，
00:16
just so people will feel at ease that the great scientist of the 20th century
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只有这样，人们便会更容易接受我的观点，因为连生活在20世纪伟大的科学家
00:21
also agrees with us, and also calls us to this action.
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也同意我们的想法，而且还号召我们应该这么做
00:25
He said, "A human being is a part of the whole, called by us, the 'universe,' --
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爱因斯坦说：“人是‘宇宙’整体的一部分
00:30
a part limited in time and space.
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即有限的时间和空间的一部分。
00:33
He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings,
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他将自身以及自己的思想和感受
00:36
as something separated from the rest,
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视为独立于这个整体之外，
00:39
a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness.
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但事实上，这种“独立”其实是一种意识的错觉。
00:43
This delusion is a kind of prison for us,
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这错觉对于我们来说就是一种监狱，
00:46
restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us.
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把我们监禁在个人欲望和少数最亲近的人的身上
00:52
Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion,
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我们的任务就是要拓展同情心和慈悲心
00:58
to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty."
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拥抱所有的生灵和整个大自然的美丽。”
01:02
This insight of Einstein's is uncannily close to that of Buddhist psychology,
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爱因斯坦的这一深刻的思想，居然与佛教心理学中讲到的慈悲心理论惊奇的相似，
01:07
wherein compassion -- "karuna," it is called --
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这在佛教心理学中叫做卡鲁那，
01:11
is defined as, "the sensitivity to another's suffering
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被定义为“能够以众生的苦化为自己苦
01:14
and the corresponding will to free the other from that suffering."
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并且让别人从痛苦中解脱出来的能力和意志力。”
01:19
It pairs closely with love, which is the will for the other to be happy,
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慈悲与爱几乎是一对双胞胎。因为慈悲是希望别人过得快乐
01:23
which requires, of course, that one feels some happiness oneself
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这就要求自己在感受快乐的同时
01:27
and wishes to share it.
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也希望与别人分享快乐
01:30
This is perfect in that it clearly opposes self-centeredness
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这种情感是完美的，因为慈悲心和以自我为中心的自私自利恰恰相反
01:33
and selfishness to compassion, the concern for others,
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它是注重对别人的关心
01:37
and, further, it indicates that those caught in the cycle of self-concern
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这进一步表明了，那些以自我为中心，自私自利的人，
01:42
suffer helplessly, while the compassionate are more free
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容易陷入无助的困境，而富有慈悲心的人却往往能够得到更多的自由
01:46
and, implicitly, more happy.
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和更多真正的快乐
01:48
The Dalai Lama often states that compassion is his best friend.
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达赖喇嘛经常说道：“慈悲是他最好的朋友。”
01:53
It helps him when he is overwhelmed with grief and despair.
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在他悲伤和绝望的时候，慈悲心使他振作。
01:56
Compassion helps him turn away from the feeling of his suffering
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同情让他能够帮助他摆脱掉痛苦的感受
02:00
as the most absolute, most terrible suffering anyone has ever had
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就是在遭受比别人更加悲惨时的苦难时的那种痛苦
02:05
and broadens his awareness of the sufferings of others,
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而且让他联想和意识到更多人的遭遇
02:08
even of the perpetrators of his misery and the whole mass of beings.
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甚至是包括对他作恶的人乃至整个人类的苦难。
02:13
In fact, suffering is so huge and enormous,
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事实上，苦难是无极限的，
02:16
his own becomes less and less monumental.
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他自己曾经所经历过的只不过是小小的一部分
02:19
And he begins to move beyond his self-concern into the broader concern for others.
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因此他开始把关注的目光由自己投向他人
02:25
And this immediately cheers him up,
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这一切想法的转变很快让他振作起来，
02:27
as his courage is stimulated to rise to the occasion.
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因为他的勇气被激励到了顶峰。
02:31
Thus, he uses his own suffering
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因此，他把自己曾经经历的苦难
02:33
as a doorway to widening his circle of compassion.
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当成是发展慈悲心的开始，
02:37
He is a very good colleague of Einstein's, we must say.
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从这方面来说，他确实很好的传承了爱因斯坦的思想。
02:41
Now, I want to tell a story,
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现在，我想给你们讲一个故事，
02:43
which is a very famous story in the Indian and Buddhist tradition,
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这是一个在印度和佛教传统中非常有名的故事。
02:46
of the great Saint Asanga
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圣人无著
02:48
who was a contemporary of Augustine in the West
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他是与西方古罗马有名的教父奥古斯丁生活于同时代的伟人
02:51
and was sort of like the Buddhist Augustine.
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某种意义上讲，他就是佛教界的奥古斯丁
02:53
And Asanga lived 800 years after the Buddha's time.
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无著出生在佛教诞生的800多年后
02:57
And he was discontented with the state of people's practice
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当时印度佛教徒对教义的理解和执行状况
03:00
of the Buddhist religion in India at that time.
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让他很不满意
03:02
And so he said, "I'm sick of all this. Nobody's really living the doctrine.
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因此，他说：“我讨厌这些。没有人真正遵从教义。
03:06
They're talking about love and compassion and wisdom and enlightenment,
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他们虽然也会涉及到爱和同情，智慧和启迪，
03:09
but they are acting selfish and pathetic.
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但他们的行为却是自私和令人生厌的。
03:12
So, Buddha's teaching has lost its momentum.
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完全没有体现出佛教中的精髓思想。
03:15
I know the next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now,
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我知道下一个佛祖会在几千年后再次诞生，
03:18
but exists currently in a certain heaven" -- that's Maitreya --
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但他现在只是存在于某一个天堂，他就是弥勒菩提。
03:22
"so, I'm going to go on a retreat and I'm going to meditate
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因此，我将继续进行静修，我要去打坐
03:25
and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to me,
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和祈祷，直到弥勒菩萨出现在我面前，
03:29
and gives me a teaching or something
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从他那里接受教法
03:31
to revive the practice of compassion in the world today."
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从而能让这个世界重生，让每个人富有慈悲心怀。”
03:35
So he went on this retreat. And he meditated for three years
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因此他继续专心闭关禅修。他闭关了3年
03:38
and he did not see the future Buddha Maitreya.
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却依然看不到未来佛祖弥勒菩提的出现。
03:40
And he left in disgust.
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他很灰心，于是离开了闭关房
03:43
And as he was leaving, he saw a man --
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当他准备离开时，他看见一个人--
03:46
a funny little man sitting sort of part way down the mountain.
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那个人身材矮小--他坐在山底下
03:49
And he had a lump of iron.
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那个人的面前是一根大铁棒
03:52
And he was rubbing it with a cloth.
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他正拿着一块丝绸在磨那铁棒
03:54
And he became interested in that.
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当时无著被那人的行为吸引了，而且感觉很奇怪。
03:56
He said, "Well what are you doing?"
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他走过去问：“你这是在干什么呢？”
03:58
And the man said, "I'm making a needle."
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那个人回答：“我正在磨一根针。”
04:03
And he said, "That's ridiculous. You can't make a needle
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他不可思议的说，“真是可笑。你根本不可能把这么大的铁杆磨成针的，
04:05
by rubbing a lump of iron with a cloth."
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仅仅靠用丝绸擦是不可能实现的"
04:07
And the man said, "Really?" And he showed him a dish full of needles.
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那人答：“是吗？”于是他拿出满碟已经磨出来的细针给他看。
04:10
So he said, "Okay, I get the point."
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无著很惭愧的对自己说：“哦， 我明白了。”
04:12
He went back to his cave. He meditated again.
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于是他调转头，又回到闭关房
04:15
Another three years, no vision. He leaves again.
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3年又过去了，还是没有见到弥勒菩萨的丝毫迹象。他又离开了闭关房
04:18
This time, he comes down.
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这一次，他丧失了信心。
04:20
And as he's leaving, he sees a bird making a nest on a cliff ledge.
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当他走时，他看见一只鸟正在悬崖壁上筑巢。
04:24
And where it's landing to bring the twigs to the cliff,
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鸟儿把衔来的小树枝放在悬崖壁上，
04:28
its feathers brushes the rock -- and it had cut the rock
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翅膀的羽毛不停的拍打着岩石，接着那羽毛居然陷进了岩石里面，
04:32
six to eight inches in. There was a cleft in the rock
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达到了6到8英尺。事实上，在岩石上已经是有一条裂缝，
04:35
by the brushing of the feathers of generations of the birds.
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这条裂缝是鸟儿经过了数代子孙的努力，通过羽毛的拍打在石头上慢慢的磨出来的。
04:38
So he said, "All right. I get the point." He went back.
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鸟儿不屈不挠的精神感动他，他心想：“哦， 我明白了，”于是，他又回到原来的地方
04:40
Another three years.
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又是过了3年。
04:42
Again, no vision of Maitreya after nine years.
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他整整用了9年的时间修炼，可是依然见不到弥勒菩提。
04:44
And he again leaves, and this time: water dripping,
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因此再次绝望的离开，而这一次他又被滴水成河的情景感动，
04:47
making a giant bowl in the rock where it drips in a stream.
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因为他看见岩石中一个大石碗中有一条河流，这条河流是一滴一滴的水日积月累而成的。
04:51
And so, again, he goes back. And after 12 years there is still no vision.
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于是他再次回去反省修炼。12年的努力都无法见到佛祖。
04:55
And he's freaked out. And he won't even look left or right
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他彻底绝望，甚至不敢看周围
04:57
to see any encouraging vision.
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任何令他受鼓舞的景象了。
04:59
And he comes to the town. He's a broken person.
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接着他到了一个小镇。他认为自己永远都无法盼到佛祖的出现。
05:02
And there, in the town, he's approached by a dog
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在那里，他遇到了一条狗
05:05
who comes like this -- one of these terrible dogs you can see in some poor countries,
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那是一条可怕的狗--你可以在一些贫困的国家见到，
05:10
even in America, I think, in some areas --
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我想即使在美国的某些地方也能见到
05:12
and he's looking just terrible.
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它的样子实在是太可怕了
05:14
And he becomes interested in this dog because it's so pathetic,
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当时他关注起这只狗了，因为它实在是太可怜了，
05:17
and it's trying to attract his attention. And he sits down looking at the dog.
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接着他想办法引起狗的注意，并且坐在狗的面前并盯着它，
05:20
And the dog's whole hindquarters are a complete open sore.
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发现狗的整个后腿四分之三的皮几乎都是开裂的，
05:25
Some of it is like gangrenous,
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甚至其中还有些是腐烂 ，
05:27
and there are maggots in the flesh. And it's terrible.
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且布满密密麻麻的蛆。那样子看上去实在是令人毛骨悚然。
05:30
He thinks, "What can I do to fix up this dog?
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他突然产生了慈悲心， “我该如何做才能治愈这条狗呢？
05:33
Well, at least I can clean this wound and wash it."
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嗯，至少我可以帮它清除这个伤口。”
05:36
So, he takes it to some water. He's about to clean,
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因此，他提来一些水，正要帮狗清洗时，
05:38
but then his awareness focuses on the maggots.
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他突然注意起这些附在狗身上的蛆虫。
05:42
And he sees the maggots, and the maggots are kind of looking a little cute.
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他盯着这些蛆，而且觉得他们有点可爱。
05:45
And they're maggoting happily in the dog's hindquarters there.
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这些蛆正愉快的在狗的后腿上爬动。
05:48
"Well, if I clean the dog, I'll kill the maggots. So how can that be?
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“嗯，如果帮狗清洗，那就要伤害到这些蛆。究竟该如何处理呢？
05:52
That's it. I'm a useless person and there's no Buddha, no Maitreya,
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反正我已经是一个无用的人，佛也没有出现，
05:55
and everything is all hopeless.
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一切都不抱希望的。
05:57
And now I'm going to kill the maggots?"
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难道现在我要杀死蛆？”
06:00
So, he had a brilliant idea.
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因此，他想出了一个好主意。
06:02
And he took a shard of something, and cut a piece of flesh from his thigh,
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他取来了一些陶片，割下一块他自己大腿上的肉，
06:07
and he placed it on ground.
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然后把它放在地上。
06:09
He was not really thinking too carefully about the ASPCA.
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他当时并没有真正想起要建立保护动物协会。
06:13
He was just immediately caught with the situation.
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他仅仅是想立即解决眼前出现的事情。
06:15
So he thought, "I will take the maggots and put them on this piece of flesh,
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于是他想，“这样就可以抓取出蛆了，接着我就可以把它们安置在这块肉上
06:18
then clean the dog's wounds, and then
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然后顺利的清理狗的伤口
06:21
I'll figure out what to do with the maggots."
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最后就会想出如何处理这些蛆虫的方法了”
06:24
So he starts to do that. He can't grab the maggots.
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于是，他开始这样做。但是他却不能像意料中抓取出这些蛆。
06:26
Apparently they wriggle around. They're kind of hard to grab, these maggots.
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那是因为，显然的，它们在四处乱爬，很难一一抓取出来。
06:30
So he says, "Well, I'll put my tongue on the dog's flesh.
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因此，他说“我只能是用自己的舌头去舔狗的腿
06:34
And then the maggots will jump on my warmer tongue" --
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那样蛆虫就会爬到我那温热的舌头上了。
06:36
the dog is kind of used up --
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这狗看上去已经筋疲力尽。
06:38
"and then I'll spit them one by one down on the thing."
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我接着会一一的把这些蛆吐出来。”
06:41
So he goes down, and he's sticking his tongue out like this.
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于是他双膝跪在地上，按照想法伸出舌头这样做了。
06:44
And he had to close his eyes, it's so disgusting, and the smell and everything.
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但是他必须闭上眼睛，因为不管是气味还是其他都是太恶心了
06:49
And then, suddenly, there's a pfft, a noise like that.
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然而，无著突然听到啐的一声，
06:51
He jumps back and there, of course, is the future Buddha Maitreya
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他睁开眼睛看并跳了起来，因为他惊讶的看到了弥勒菩萨的出现。
06:55
in a beautiful vision -- rainbow lights, golden, jeweled, a plasma body,
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弥勒菩提的身上有一道如彩虹般的光，如宝石那样金光闪闪，
07:02
an exquisite mystic vision -- that he sees.
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他是那么的优雅和充满神秘感。
07:04
And he says, "Oh." He bows.
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无著立即向佛祖鞠躬，然后说：“哦，我的主啊”
07:06
But, being human, he's immediately thinking of his next complaint.
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但是作为人类，他还是忍不住立即开口诉苦。
07:10
So as he comes up from his first bow he says,
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鞠完躬后，无著又问：
07:12
"My Lord, I'm so happy to see you, but where have you been for 12 years?
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“我的主，见到你真是太好了，但是这12年你到底在哪里呢？
07:16
What is this?"
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为什么从前你都不示现给我看？”
07:18
And Maitreya says, "I was with you. Who do you think was making needles
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弥勒菩提答：“我一直与你同在。老兄，那你认为那个磨针的人，
07:21
and making nests and dripping on rocks for you, mister dense?"
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那只筑巢的小鸟和那些滴水会是谁变出来的呢？”
07:25
(Laughter)
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大笑
07:27
"Looking for the Buddha in person," he said.
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弥勒菩提继续说“你一直在寻找我但却看不到我“
07:30
And he said, "You didn't have, until this moment, real compassion.
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“直到这一刻，只有等到你真正产生了感人的慈悲心，
07:36
And, until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love."
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开始认识到爱的那一刻，你也就能够以自己的双眼看到我在你面前”
07:39
"Maitreya" means love, "the loving one," in Sanskrit.
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弥勒菩提所提到的爱，即是我们梵文中说的神圣的爱
07:43
And so he looked very dubious, Asanga did.
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无著疑惑的望着弥勒菩提。
07:45
And he said, "If you don't believe me, just take me with you."
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于是弥勒菩提说，“如果你不相信我，那就让我跟着你，”
07:48
And so he took the Maitreya -- it shrunk into a globe, a ball --
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于是弥勒菩提变成了一个圆形的小球，然后无著带上它
07:53
took him on his shoulder.
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把他扛在肩膀上。
07:55
And he ran into town in the marketplace, and he said, "Rejoice! Rejoice!
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他跑进镇市场，嚷着说，“太好了，太好了，
07:59
The future Buddha has come ahead of all predictions. Here he is."
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预言中会出现的弥勒菩萨提前显灵了！他就在我的肩膀上哦！”
08:03
And then pretty soon they started throwing rocks and stones at him --
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没过一会，很多人都拿石头往他身上扔，
08:06
it wasn't Chautauqua, it was some other town --
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——当然，故事不是发生在肖陶扩村（美国纽约州，夏季教育性集会中心），而是另一个小镇——
08:09
because they saw a demented looking, scrawny looking yogi man,
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人们看到了一个酷似嬉皮士，骨瘦如柴的瑜珈的年轻人，
08:13
like some kind of hippie, with a bleeding leg and a rotten dog on his shoulder,
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肩膀还扛着一条狗，那狗的腿正流着血，还有点腐烂
08:18
shouting that the future Buddha had come.
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他疯狂的喊着“弥勒菩提来到这里了”。
08:20
So, naturally, they chased him out of town.
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很自然的，人们把他赶出了城镇。
08:22
But on the edge of town, one elderly lady, a charwoman in the charnel ground,
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但在小镇的边境，一个老妇人，在阴森森的地上，
08:27
saw a jeweled foot on a jeweled lotus on his shoulder and then the dog,
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看到了他肩膀上有一只闪光的脚嵌在闪光的莲花里面，以及一条狗，
08:31
but she saw the jewel foot of the Maitreya, and she offered a flower.
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但她看到了弥勒菩提金光闪闪的脚。于是她送了无著一朵花。
08:35
So that encouraged him, and he went with Maitreya.
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这些现象鼓舞了他，于是他跟着菩萨。
08:38
Maitreya then took him to a certain heaven,
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菩萨把无著带到天界，
08:40
which is the typical way a Buddhist myth unfolds.
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佛教神话以一种典型的方式展开了。
08:43
And Maitreya then kept him in heaven for five years,
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弥勒菩提然后让无著在天上修炼了五年，
08:45
dictating to him five complicated tomes
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向他口授了5种复杂的
08:49
of the methodology of how you cultivate compassion.
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如何培养慈悲心的方法
08:52
And then I thought I would share with you what that method is, or one of them.
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然后，我会与大家分享上面所说的方法，
08:55
A famous one, it's called the "Sevenfold Causal Method of Developing Compassion."
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其中有一个著名的理论，它被称为“七支因果观慈悲心修炼法”。
09:00
And it begins first by one meditating and visualizing that all beings are with one --
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一个人练就慈悲心是要从打坐和禅修开始，把所有生灵都假想成为一个整体，
09:07
even animals too, but everyone is in human form.
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其中也包括动物。但每种生物都以人的形式生存着。
09:11
The animals are in one of their human lives. The humans are human.
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这些动物也是跟人一样富有同情心的。因为 人类是有人性的。
09:14
And then, among them, you think of your friends and loved ones, the circle at the table.
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然后你想起了你的朋友和亲人，所有人围在桌子旁。
09:19
And you think of your enemies, and you think of the neutral ones.
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接着你也想起了你的敌人，以及那些处于你爱与不爱之间的人，
09:22
And then you try to say, "Well, the loved ones I love.
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然后你试着说：“嗯，我爱我的亲人。
09:26
But, you know, after all, they're nice to me.
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但是，你也知道，毕竟，他们对我很好。
09:28
I had fights with them. Sometimes they were unfriendly.
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虽然曾经我也跟他们吵过，因为有时他们对我不友好，
09:30
I got mad. Brothers can fight. Parents and children can fight.
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我也会很生气。兄弟之间会不和，父母和孩子之间也会产生矛盾。
09:33
So, in a way, I like them so much because they're nice to me.
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所以，在某种程度上，我之所以喜欢他们，那是因为他们对我很好。
09:37
While the neutral ones I don't know. They could all be just fine.
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对于那些在我心中处于中立地位的人，我不知道自己对他们的态度会是如何。他们有可能会很友好了
09:41
And then the enemies I don't like because they're mean to me.
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最后我想想自己的敌人，我不喜欢他们完全是因为他们对我很不好。
09:45
But they are nice to somebody. I could be them."
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但这些所谓的敌人也有可能对某些人很好。我想我应该也是这类人吧。”
09:48
And then the Buddhists, of course, think that, because we've all had infinite previous lives,
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佛教徒认为，人的生命是存在轮回的，是无止境的，
09:52
we've all been each other's relatives, actually.
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他们也认为，我们彼此之间都是有关系的，其实，
09:56
Therefore all of you, in the Buddhist view,
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自然也包括在座的每个人。从佛教思想来看
09:58
in some previous life, although you don't remember it and neither do I,
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一些人的前世可能是我的母亲，即使你我都已经不记得了。
10:02
have been my mother -- for which I do apologize for the trouble I caused you.
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如果你前世是我的母亲，我要为自己曾经给你惹了很多麻烦表示道歉。
10:07
And also, actually, I've been your mother.
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此外，我也可能前世是你们的母亲。
10:10
I've been female, and I've been every single one of yours' mother in a previous life,
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我曾经可能是位女性，是你们在座每个人前世的母亲，
10:13
the way the Buddhists reflect.
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这个前世也就是佛教所说的。
10:15
So, my mother in this life is really great. But all of you in a way
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所以，我认为这一世中我的母亲特别伟大。同时在某种程度上，
10:18
are part of the eternal mother.
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大家也有可能在这无止境的轮回中当过母亲。
10:21
You gave me that expression; "the eternal mama," you said. That's wonderful.
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也许你会把这定义为永恒的母亲。这听起来太贴切了。
10:25
So, that's the way the Buddhists do it.
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因此，佛教徒一直都这么认为。
10:27
A theist Christian can think that all beings, even my enemies, are God's children.
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基督教中也有一个理论，认为世界上所有的的生灵，其中也包括我的敌人，认为他们都是神的儿女。
10:32
So, in that sense, we're related.
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因此，从这个意义上，我们彼此是有联系的。
10:34
So, they first create this foundation of equality.
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因此，他们首先创建这个平等的基础。
10:37
So, we sort of reduce a little of the clinging to the ones we love --
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我们多少要减少对我们所爱人的依赖-
10:41
just in the meditation -- and we open our mind to those we don't know.
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在禅修的过程中-我们开始对那些不认识的人敞开心扉。
10:45
And we definitely reduce the hostility and the "I don't want to be compassionate to them"
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同时我们对人的敌意也减少了，对于那些我们认为的坏人，讨厌的人
10:49
to the ones we think of as the bad guys, the ones we hate and we don't like.
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这种“我们不需要同情他们”的思想也随着减少。
10:54
And we don't hate anyone, therefore. So we equalize. That's very important.
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我们不恨任何人，因此我们做到了平等。这一点是非常重要的。
10:57
And then the next thing we do is what is called "mother recognition."
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然后我们接下来要讲的是知母。
11:01
And that is, we think of every being as familiar, as family.
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那就是，我们把每一个人当作是熟人和家人，
11:06
We expand. We take the feeling about remembering a mama,
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甚至是拓展到另一种关系。我们假想自己记起了母亲，
11:11
and we defuse that to all beings in this meditation.
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我们要在此禅修中拯救众生。
11:15
And we see the mother in every being.
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我们看到了众生的母亲。
11:17
We see that look that the mother has on her face,
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我们看到他看着孩子那专注的表情，
11:20
looking at this child that is a miracle
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她认为这个从她自己身上分娩出来的孩子
11:22
that she has produced from her own body, being a mammal,
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简直就是一个奇迹，在哺乳动物里面，
11:25
where she has true compassion, truly is the other, and identifies completely.
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母亲是最具有慈悲胸怀的人，虽然其他人也会有同情心，但是与她相比，却是完全不同的。
11:29
Often the life of that other will be more important to her than her own life.
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她永远把他人的生命看得比她自己的还要重要。
11:33
And that's why it's the most powerful form of altruism.
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这就为什么我们称利他主义的精神是伟大 的。
11:36
The mother is the model of all altruism for human beings,
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而母亲的这种行为，从传统精神来看，
11:40
in spiritual traditions.
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恰恰是这种利他主义的典范。
11:43
And so, we reflect until we can sort of see that motherly expression in all beings.
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因此，我们可以用大慈悲来形容母亲的这种母爱精神。
11:49
People laugh at me because, you know, I used to say that
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人们嘲笑我，因为你知道，我以往经常说：
11:52
I used to meditate on mama Cheney as my mom,
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“我曾经把切尼假想成自己的母亲，”
11:56
when, of course, I was annoyed with him about all of his evil doings in Iraq.
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当然，因为那是我对他攻打伊拉克所做出的恶行感到很是恼火。
12:01
I used to meditate on George Bush. He's quite a cute mom in a female form.
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我曾经也假想布什是我的母亲，而且我把他想象成为一个相当可爱的女性形象的母亲：
12:04
He has his little ears and he smiles and he rocks you in his arms.
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他有那小小的耳朵，他对你笑以及他把你拥入怀中
12:07
And you think of him as nursing you.
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而且你把他当成是还哺育你的母亲。
12:10
And then Saddam Hussein's serious mustache is a problem,
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然后，你也想到了惹了一身麻烦的萨达姆。
12:13
but you think of him as a mom.
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但同样的你也可以把他认为是你的母亲
12:16
And this is the way you do it. You take any being who looks weird to you,
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其实你们都可以这样做。任何一个对你有敌意的人，
12:18
and you see how they could be familiar to you.
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你可以把他定位成是你非常熟悉的人，
12:22
And you do that for a while, until you really feel that.
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然后过了一段时间，你就会真正产生这种感觉了。
12:26
You can feel the familiarity of all beings.
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你可以把众生都想象成自己熟悉的人。
12:28
Nobody seems alien. They're not "other."
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因此他们都不会是陌生人，而且都会是你的同盟
12:30
You reduce the feeling of otherness about beings.
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这样你就会感觉到人与人直接的差异越来越小。
12:33
Then you move from there to remembering the kindness of mothers in general,
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然后，在你的记忆中，妈妈的善良形象就有了一个大概的轮廓
12:38
if you can remember the kindness of your own mother,
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如果你能记住自己母亲的善良，
12:40
if you can remember the kindness of your spouse,
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如果你记住配偶的善良，
12:42
or, if you are a mother yourself, how you were with your children.
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或者是说，如果你自己就是一位母亲，你是如何对待你的孩子们。
12:45
And you begin to get very sentimental; you cultivate sentimentality intensely.
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你开始变得非常多情的，你与孩子培养出非常浓烈感情
12:50
You will even weep, perhaps, with gratitude and kindness.
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也许你会因为怀着感恩和善良的心感动得哭了。
12:53
And then you connect that with your feeling that everyone has that motherly possibility.
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然后你得出一个结论：每个人都会有感受到母爱会付出母爱的可能。
12:57
Every being, even the most mean looking ones, can be motherly.
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每一个人，即使是那些卑鄙的人，也都会流露出让人感动的母爱。
13:02
And then, third, you step from there to what is called "a feeling of gratitude."
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然后第三步是感恩。
13:06
You want to repay that kindness that all beings have shown to you.
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你想要报答那些对你友好的人
13:10
And then the fourth step, you go to what is called "lovely love."
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然后第四步，那就是所谓至高无上的爱，
13:14
In each one of these you can take some weeks, or months, or days
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要达到这种爱是需要花上数天或者几个星期，甚至几个月的时间，
13:16
depending on how you do it, or you can do them in a run, this meditation.
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就看你如何做到这一点，或者你可以在禅修获得。
13:20
And then you think of how lovely beings are when they are happy,
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当众生开心时，你就会觉得众生是那么的可爱，
13:25
when they are satisfied.
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当他们表现满足时，你也会感觉到他们的可爱，
13:27
And every being looks beautiful when they are internally feeling a happiness.
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当他们内心充满幸福感，他们看上去也是那么的美。
13:31
Their face doesn't look like this. When they're angry, they look ugly, every being,
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但是当他们愤怒时，他们的脸上的表现却不是这样的，反而是丑陋的
13:35
but when they're happy they look beautiful.
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所以当他们表现快乐就很美
13:37
And so you see beings in their potential happiness.
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因此，你经常看到的是他们潜在的快乐。
13:40
And you feel a love toward them and you want them to be happy, even the enemy.
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如果你真的爱他们，那意味着你希望他们过得开心幸福，即使是敌人。
13:43
We think Jesus is being unrealistic
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实际上，让敌人快乐是非常符合逻辑的
13:45
when he says, "Love thine enemy."
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虽然当耶稣说要爱自己的朋友，我们认为他的说法是不现实的。
13:49
He does say that, and we think he's being unrealistic
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他确实这么说过，我们也确实这样说他的想法不现实
13:52
and sort of spiritual and highfalutin. "Nice for him to say it, but I can't do that."
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虚幻和夸大。但我认为“耶稣说得很好，我无法跟他一样伟大”
13:55
But, actually, that's practical.
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实际上，耶稣所说的是可行的。
13:57
If you love your enemy that means you want your enemy to be happy.
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因为如果你真的爱你的敌人，那意味着你想让他们开心。
14:00
If your enemy was really happy, why would they bother to be your enemy?
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如果你的敌人真的是开心的，那他们何须要成为你的敌人？
14:04
How boring to run around chasing you.
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奔波追逐你是多么的乏味，
14:06
They would be relaxing somewhere having a good time.
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他们必须在某个地方放松开心下。
14:09
So it makes sense to want your enemy to be happy,
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所以让你的敌人开心是有道理的，
14:11
because they'll stop being your enemy because that's too much trouble.
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因为这样的话，他们会因为不想产生太多的麻烦而不再对你有敌意。
14:14
But anyway, that's the "lovely love. "
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不管怎么说，这就是至高无上的爱。
14:16
And then finally, the fifth step is compassion, "universal compassion."
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最后的一步是大慈悲，对每个人都富有同情心。
14:20
And that is where you then look at the reality of all the beings you can think of.
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如果做到了这一步，那么你就可以看到那些你自己能想到的人的现实生活。
14:26
And you look at them, and you see how they are.
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你看着他们，看着他们所有的一切。
14:28
And you realize how unhappy they are actually, mostly, most of the time.
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通常情况下，你能感觉到他们大部分人其实是不开心的。
14:32
You see that furrowed brow in people.
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你看到他们都皱着眉头，
14:34
And then you realize they don't even have compassion on themselves.
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你意识到他们本身对自己就不够仁慈，
14:37
They're driven by this duty and this obligation.
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他们的生活受到任务和责任的牵制，
14:39
"I have to get that. I need more. I'm not worthy. And I should do something."
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“我必须达到目标，我需要更多，我不够有钱。我必须做出一番事业”
14:43
And they're rushing around all stressed out.
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他们围着这些所谓的目标不停的奋斗。
14:45
And they think of it as somehow macho, hard discipline on themselves.
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他们认为这样的自己是特别具有男子气概，是必须需要很强的自律性才能做到的。
14:49
But actually they are cruel to themselves.
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但事实上， 他们这样是在虐待自己。
14:52
And, of course, they are cruel and ruthless toward others.
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当然，这样同时也会造成对其他人无礼和残忍。
14:54
And they, then, never get any positive feedback.
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而他们从来也不会获得任何好的回报。
14:56
And the more they succeed and the more power they have,
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当他们获得更多的成功，得到更多的权利，
14:58
the more unhappy they are.
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他们就会越不开心。
15:00
And this is where you feel real compassion for them.
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而这正是你替他们感到真正的同情的地方。
15:03
And you then feel you must act.
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然后你意识到必须开始行动了。
15:06
And the choice of the action, of course,
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当然，这种所谓的动机
15:08
hopefully will be more practical
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应该有各种各样的行动选择，采取的行动也要更实际一点，
15:12
than poor Asanga, who was fixing the maggots on the dog
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要比可怜的无著为了狗而安置好蛆那样做更实际一点
15:16
because he had that motivation, and whoever was in front of him,
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因为他当时的目的就是拯救每一个他认为可怜的人。
15:19
he wanted to help.
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他的目的就在于拯救。
15:21
But, of course, that is impractical. He should have founded the ASPCA in the town
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事实上，他的这种动机显得不切实际。他必须在那个小镇上建议起一个建立起保护动物协会，
15:25
and gotten some scientific help for dogs and maggots.
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从而让狗和蛆能够得到科学的救助。
15:28
And I'm sure he did that later. (Laughter) But that just indicates the state of mind, you know.
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我敢肯定，无著后来也确实想到了这一点，可是那想法仅仅只是一种建立在精神上而已。
15:34
And so the next step -- the sixth step beyond "universal compassion" --
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下一步就是第六步--超越普遍的慈悲-
15:38
is this thing where you're linked with the needs of others in a true way,
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即是从真正的意义上，把别人的需要与自己紧紧连在一起。
15:42
and you have compassion for yourself also,
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然后你把他们的事情当成自己的事情，从而让自己产生慈悲
15:45
and it isn't sentimental only. You might be in fear of something.
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它不是仅仅只是感性的。因为你可能也害怕某种东西。
15:48
Some bad guy is making himself more and more unhappy
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一些坏人在自己对别人越来越卑鄙的同时
15:51
being more and more mean to other people
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也让自己变得越来越不开心
15:53
and getting punished in the future for it in various ways.
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而且还会在将来得到各种各样的惩罚。
15:56
And in Buddhism, they catch it in the future life.
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以佛教思想解释就是，惩罚必将在他们将来的某一生命轮回中出现。
15:59
Of course in theistic religion they're punished by God or whatever.
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在有神论的宗教看来，这些坏人必将会受到上帝或其他神的惩罚。
16:02
And materialism, they think they get out of it just by not existing,
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在持唯物主义的人看来，所谓的惩罚会当这些坏人不存在了，
16:04
by dying, but they don't.
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即是死亡后也跟着消失。但是他们绝不会以
16:07
And so they get reborn as whatever, you know.
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重生的方式出现。
16:10
Never mind. I won't get into that.
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不要紧，我不会去深入讨论这些的。
16:12
But the next step is called "universal responsibility."
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下一步就是所谓的利益众生的责任感。
16:15
And that is very important -- the Charter of Compassion
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利益众生的责任感是非常重要的--这也是慈悲心所包括的
16:18
must lead us to develop through true compassion,
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它会让我们发展学会真正的大慈悲。
16:21
what is called "universal responsibility."
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这就叫做利益众生的责任感。
16:23
In the great teaching of his Holiness the Dalai Lama
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这刚好是神圣伟大的达赖喇嘛所提倡的教学。
16:27
that he always teaches everywhere, he says
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达赖喇嘛经常到处讲经，他说：
16:29
that that is the common religion of humanity: kindness.
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这是人类博爱，善良的共同信仰，
16:32
But "kindness" means "universal responsibility."
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而大慈悲另一种表达就是利益众生的责任
16:34
And that means whatever happens to other beings is happening to us:
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这也意味着，发生在别人身上的任何事就相当于发生在自己身上
16:38
we are responsible for that, and we should take it
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我们是负有责任的，而且我们必须承担起这些责任，
16:42
and do whatever we can at whatever little level
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并尽我们力所能及的的一切
16:44
and small level that we can do it.
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努力去解决。
16:46
We absolutely must do that. There is no way not to do it.
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我们绝对必须这样做。而且是没有理由不去这样做。
16:50
And then, finally, that leads to a new orientation in life
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最后，我们的人生方向开始有了定位，
16:54
where we live equally for ourselves and for others
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我们和他人平等相待，
16:58
and we are
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我们认识到自己的幸福--
17:02
joyful and happy.
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然后我们变得欢乐和幸福
17:04
One thing we mustn't think is that compassion makes you miserable.
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我们绝不能认为仁慈使你变得痛苦。
17:07
Compassion makes you happy.
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而是要认为仁慈心使你幸福。
17:09
The first person who is happy when you get great compassion is yourself,
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当你产生了同情心，第一个感到快乐的人就是你自己，
17:13
even if you haven't done anything yet for anybody else.
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即使你没有帮助过任何人。
17:15
Although, the change in your mind already does something for other beings:
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你头脑中这种想法的改变已经影响到了其他人，
17:20
they can sense this new quality in yourself,
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他们能够感觉到你的这一优秀的品质，
17:23
and it helps them already, and gives them an example.
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而且你的这些品质还可以帮到他们，给他们作了榜样。
17:25
And that uncompassionate clock has just showed me that it's all over.
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无情的时间过得很快，不知不觉我已经把想要讲的都讲得差不多了。
17:29
So, practice compassion, read the charter, disseminate it
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因此，让你自己开始实践慈悲，阅读章程，并在你的内心中传播它
17:34
and develop it within yourself.
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并且让自己成为一个仁慈的人。
17:36
Don't just think, "Well, I'm compassionate," or "I'm not compassionate,"
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不要只是想：“噢，我是个富有同情心的人，还是一个不富有同情心的人呢”
17:39
and sort of think you're stuck there.
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这样的想象只会让你卡住不能获得进步。
17:41
You can develop this. You can diminish the non-compassion,
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同情心是可以培养的。你可以让你内心的冷酷，
17:44
the cruelty, the callousness, the neglect of others,
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残忍，无情以及对别人的忽视的这种情感慢慢减少甚至消失。
17:48
and take universal responsibility for them.
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把利益众生当成自己的责任，
17:50
And then, not only will God smile and the eternal mama will smile,
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然后，你会发现不但上帝和所谓的永恒的妈妈会对你微笑，
17:55
but Karen Armstrong will smile.
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而且佛祖凯伦阿姆斯壮也会微笑的。
17:57
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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谢谢大家。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Thurman - Buddhist scholarThe first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace.
Why you should listen
Tenzin Robert Thurman became a Tibetan monk at age 24. He's a professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist studies at Columbia University, and co-founder of Tibet House US, a nonprofit dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Tibetan civilization.
Thurman's focus is on the balance between inner insight and cultural harmony. In interpreting the teachings of Buddha, he argues that happiness can be reliable and satisfying in an enduring way without depriving others.
He has translated many Buddhist Sutras, or teachings, and written many books, recently taking on the topic of Anger for the recent Oxford series on the seven deadly sins. He maintains a podcast on Buddhist topics. And yes, he is Uma's dad.
Robert Thurman | Speaker | TED.com