Chautauqua Institution
Robert Thurman: Expanding your circle of compassion
Robert Thurman: Širimo krog naših občutkov
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Sočutje je težko vsakokrat izkazati -- celo do naših bližnjih, Robert Thurman pa nas poziva, naj razvijemo tudi sočutje do svojih sovražnikov. Predstavlja nam meditacijo v sedmih korakih, da bomo lahko razvili sočutje preko našega notranjega kroga.
Robert Thurman - Buddhist scholar
The first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace. Full bio
The first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I want to open by quoting Einstein's wonderful statement,
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Rad bi začel z Einsteinovo čudovito izjavo,
00:16
just so people will feel at ease that the great scientist of the 20th century
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da si boste lahko oddahnili ob misli, da se tudi veliki znanstvenik dvajsetega stoletja
00:21
also agrees with us, and also calls us to this action.
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strinja z nami, a nas hkrati tudi poziva k dejanjem.
00:25
He said, "A human being is a part of the whole, called by us, the 'universe,' --
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Dejal je: "Človeško bitje je del celote, ki jo imenujemo "univerzum",
00:30
a part limited in time and space.
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del, omejen v prostoru in času.
00:33
He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings,
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Svoje misli in doživetja doživlja
00:36
as something separated from the rest,
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kot nekaj ločenega od ostalega,
00:39
a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness.
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to pa je neke vrste optična iluzija njegove zavesti.
00:43
This delusion is a kind of prison for us,
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Ta iluzija predstavlja za nas neke vrste zapor
00:46
restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us.
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in nas omejuje na osebne odločitve in na občutke do samo malega števila oseb, ki so nam najbližje.
00:52
Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion,
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Naša naloga mora biti, da se osvobodimo tega zapora in da širimo krog naših občutkov,
00:58
to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty."
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tako da bodo objeli vsa živa bitja in vso naravo v vsej njeni lepoti."
01:02
This insight of Einstein's is uncannily close to that of Buddhist psychology,
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Einsteinov pogled je neverjetno podoben tistemu iz budistične psihologije,
01:07
wherein compassion -- "karuna," it is called --
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kjer sočutje, ki ga imenujejo "karuna",
01:11
is defined as, "the sensitivity to another's suffering
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definirajo kot "občutljivost na trpljenje drugega
01:14
and the corresponding will to free the other from that suffering."
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in volja, da drugega tega trpljenja odreši".
01:19
It pairs closely with love, which is the will for the other to be happy,
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Zelo je podobno ljubezni. Slednja je namreč volja, da bi bil nekdo srečen.
01:23
which requires, of course, that one feels some happiness oneself
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Kar seveda zahteva, da sami čutimo srečo
01:27
and wishes to share it.
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in jo želimo deliti z drugim.
01:30
This is perfect in that it clearly opposes self-centeredness
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Tak vidik je popoln, saj očitno nasprotuje samoljubju
01:33
and selfishness to compassion, the concern for others,
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in sebičnosti, medtem ko je sočutje skrb za druge,
01:37
and, further, it indicates that those caught in the cycle of self-concern
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in oznanja, da tisti, ki so ujeti v krog samoljubja,
01:42
suffer helplessly, while the compassionate are more free
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nemočno trpijo, medtem ko so sočutni svobodnejši
01:46
and, implicitly, more happy.
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in nedvomno srečnejši.
01:48
The Dalai Lama often states that compassion is his best friend.
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Dalajlama pogosto pripomne, da je sočutje človeku najboljši prijatelj.
01:53
It helps him when he is overwhelmed with grief and despair.
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Pomaga mu, ko ga žalost in trpljenje uničujeta.
01:56
Compassion helps him turn away from the feeling of his suffering
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Sočutje mu pomaga odvrniti se od občutka, da je njegovo trpljenje najhujše
02:00
as the most absolute, most terrible suffering anyone has ever had
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in najbolj bridko trpljenje, kar ga je kdorkoli kdaj občutil,
02:05
and broadens his awareness of the sufferings of others,
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in mu zavest usmeri k trpljenju drugih,
02:08
even of the perpetrators of his misery and the whole mass of beings.
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celo h krivcem za njegovo potrtost in mnogim drugim bitjem.
02:13
In fact, suffering is so huge and enormous,
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Pravzaprav je trpljenje tako razširjeno,
02:16
his own becomes less and less monumental.
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da se mu njegovo lastno zdi vse manj pomembno.
02:19
And he begins to move beyond his self-concern into the broader concern for others.
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Tako se začne razširjati preko skrbi zase v skrb za druge.
02:25
And this immediately cheers him up,
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To ga takoj razveseli
02:27
as his courage is stimulated to rise to the occasion.
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in mu da pogum, da se dodatno potrudi.
02:31
Thus, he uses his own suffering
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Tako uporablja lastno trpljenje
02:33
as a doorway to widening his circle of compassion.
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kot vrata v širši krog občutkov.
02:37
He is a very good colleague of Einstein's, we must say.
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Moramo reči, da je Einsteinov somišljenik.
02:41
Now, I want to tell a story,
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Zdaj pa želim povedati zgodbo,
02:43
which is a very famous story in the Indian and Buddhist tradition,
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zelo slavno zgodbo iz indijske in budistične tradicije,
02:46
of the great Saint Asanga
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o velikem svetniku Asangi,
02:48
who was a contemporary of Augustine in the West
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ki je živel v istem obdobju kot Avguštin na zahodu
02:51
and was sort of like the Buddhist Augustine.
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in je bil neke vrste budistični Avguštin.
02:53
And Asanga lived 800 years after the Buddha's time.
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Asanga je živel 800 let po smrti Bude.
02:57
And he was discontented with the state of people's practice
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Bil je nezadovoljen s takratnimi prepričanji
03:00
of the Buddhist religion in India at that time.
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budističnih Indijcev.
03:02
And so he said, "I'm sick of all this. Nobody's really living the doctrine.
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Tako je dejal: "Sit sem tega. Nihče tu zares ne živi po naukih.
03:06
They're talking about love and compassion and wisdom and enlightenment,
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Govorijo o ljubezni in sočutju, o modrosti in razsvetljenju,
03:09
but they are acting selfish and pathetic.
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toda obnašajo se sebično in bedno.
03:12
So, Buddha's teaching has lost its momentum.
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Budin nauk je tako izgubil svoj vpliv.
03:15
I know the next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now,
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Vem, da bo naslednji Buda prišel čez neka tisoč let,
03:18
but exists currently in a certain heaven" -- that's Maitreya --
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vendar se trenutno nahaja v posebnih nebesih, imenujejo se Maitreja.
03:22
"so, I'm going to go on a retreat and I'm going to meditate
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Zato se bom umaknil in meditiral
03:25
and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to me,
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ter molil, dokler se mi ne razodene Maitreja Buda
03:29
and gives me a teaching or something
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in mi preda nauk ali kaj podobnega,
03:31
to revive the practice of compassion in the world today."
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da bi v današnjem svetu oživil nauk o sočutju."
03:35
So he went on this retreat. And he meditated for three years
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Tako se je umaknil. In meditiral je tri leta
03:38
and he did not see the future Buddha Maitreya.
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in ni videl bodočega Maitreje Bude.
03:40
And he left in disgust.
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Zato je z gnusom odšel.
03:43
And as he was leaving, he saw a man --
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In ko je odhajal, je videl moža,
03:46
a funny little man sitting sort of part way down the mountain.
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smešnega možička, ki je sedel na pobočju gore.
03:49
And he had a lump of iron.
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Pri sebi je imel kepo železa.
03:52
And he was rubbing it with a cloth.
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In jo je drgnil s krpo.
03:54
And he became interested in that.
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To ga je pritegnilo.
03:56
He said, "Well what are you doing?"
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Vprašal je: "Kaj pa počneš?"
03:58
And the man said, "I'm making a needle."
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In mož je rekel: "Delam šivanko."
04:03
And he said, "That's ridiculous. You can't make a needle
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On pa je rekel: "To je smešno. Z drgnjenjem krpe ob železo
04:05
by rubbing a lump of iron with a cloth."
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ne moreš napraviti igle."
04:07
And the man said, "Really?" And he showed him a dish full of needles.
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In mož je rekel: "Kaj res?" In pokazal mu je skledo, polno igel.
04:10
So he said, "Okay, I get the point."
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Zato je odgovoril: "Prav, že razumem."
04:12
He went back to his cave. He meditated again.
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Vrnil se je nazaj v jamo in spet meditiral.
04:15
Another three years, no vision. He leaves again.
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Po nadaljnjih treh letih ni bilo videnja. Spet je odšel.
04:18
This time, he comes down.
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Tokrat pride dol.
04:20
And as he's leaving, he sees a bird making a nest on a cliff ledge.
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Ko odhaja, vidi ptico, ki dela gnezdo na polici pečine.
04:24
And where it's landing to bring the twigs to the cliff,
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In kjer ptica pristane, da prinese vejice k pečini,
04:28
its feathers brushes the rock -- and it had cut the rock
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njeno perje podrgne ob kamen, in v njem je nastala zareza,
04:32
six to eight inches in. There was a cleft in the rock
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globoka 15 do 20 cenitmetrov.
04:35
by the brushing of the feathers of generations of the birds.
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Nastala je z drgnjenjem peres več generacij ptic.
04:38
So he said, "All right. I get the point." He went back.
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Tako je rekel: "Že prav, saj razumem." Vrnil se je.
04:40
Another three years.
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Spet minejo tri leta.
04:42
Again, no vision of Maitreya after nine years.
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In po devetih letih nobenega videnja Maitreje.
04:44
And he again leaves, and this time: water dripping,
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Spet odide in tokrat vidi vodo, ki s kapljanjem
04:47
making a giant bowl in the rock where it drips in a stream.
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v kamen pod seboj in naprej v potok dolbe ogromno skledo.
04:51
And so, again, he goes back. And after 12 years there is still no vision.
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Tako se spet vrne. In po 12 letih še vedno ni videnja.
04:55
And he's freaked out. And he won't even look left or right
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In je že čisto nor. Zato sploh noče pogledati ne na levo ne na desno,
04:57
to see any encouraging vision.
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da bi zagledal kakšno vizijo, ki bi mu spet vlila upanje.
04:59
And he comes to the town. He's a broken person.
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Tako pride v mesto. Popolnoma je izgubljen.
05:02
And there, in the town, he's approached by a dog
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Tam, v mestu, se mu približa pes,
05:05
who comes like this -- one of these terrible dogs you can see in some poor countries,
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v takem stanju kot tisti grozljivi psi, ki jih lahko vidite v nekaterih revnih državah,
05:10
even in America, I think, in some areas --
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celo v Ameriki, se mi zdi, na nekaterih območjih,
05:12
and he's looking just terrible.
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in tisti pes zgleda naravnost grozljivo.
05:14
And he becomes interested in this dog because it's so pathetic,
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In se začne zanimati za psa, ker zgleda tako pomilovanja vreden,
05:17
and it's trying to attract his attention. And he sits down looking at the dog.
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in skuša pridobiti njegovo pozornost. Zato se usede na tla in ga gleda.
05:20
And the dog's whole hindquarters are a complete open sore.
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In zadnjica tistega psa se zdi kot sama odprta rana.
05:25
Some of it is like gangrenous,
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Na nekaterih delih je bila že gangrenozna.
05:27
and there are maggots in the flesh. And it's terrible.
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V mesu so že črvi. Grozljiv pogled je.
05:30
He thinks, "What can I do to fix up this dog?
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Misli si: "Kaj lahko naredim, da bi tega psa pozdravil?
05:33
Well, at least I can clean this wound and wash it."
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Vsaj njegovo rano lahko očistim in razkužim."
05:36
So, he takes it to some water. He's about to clean,
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Tako psa odnese k vodi in ga hoče umiti,
05:38
but then his awareness focuses on the maggots.
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nato pa pozornost usmeri k črvom.
05:42
And he sees the maggots, and the maggots are kind of looking a little cute.
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In ko jih vidi, sem mu zdijo malce srčkani.
05:45
And they're maggoting happily in the dog's hindquarters there.
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Veselo črvičijo po pasji zadnji plati.
05:48
"Well, if I clean the dog, I'll kill the maggots. So how can that be?
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"Če bom očistil psa, bom ubil črve. Kaj lahko potem naredim?
05:52
That's it. I'm a useless person and there's no Buddha, no Maitreya,
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Že vem. Sem nekoristno bitje, Buda in Maitreja ne obstajata,
05:55
and everything is all hopeless.
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vse skupaj je brezupno.
05:57
And now I'm going to kill the maggots?"
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In zdaj naj ubijem črve?"
06:00
So, he had a brilliant idea.
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Tako se je spomnil odlične ideje.
06:02
And he took a shard of something, and cut a piece of flesh from his thigh,
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Tako je vzel črepinjo in psu iz stegna izrezal kos mesa
06:07
and he placed it on ground.
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in ga položil na tla.
06:09
He was not really thinking too carefully about the ASPCA.
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S kakšnim društvom proti mučenju živali se ni preveč obremenjeval.
06:13
He was just immediately caught with the situation.
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Situacija ga je popolnoma prevzela.
06:15
So he thought, "I will take the maggots and put them on this piece of flesh,
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Tako si je mislil: "Črve bom vzel in jih položil na ta kos mesa,
06:18
then clean the dog's wounds, and then
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potem bom psu očistil rano
06:21
I'll figure out what to do with the maggots."
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in razmislil, kaj bom naredil s črvi."
06:24
So he starts to do that. He can't grab the maggots.
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Tako začne z delom. Črvov ne more zgrabiti.
06:26
Apparently they wriggle around. They're kind of hard to grab, these maggots.
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Očitno se zvijajo. Te črve je težko zagrabiti.
06:30
So he says, "Well, I'll put my tongue on the dog's flesh.
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Zato si reče: "Potem pa bom položil svoj jezik na meso.
06:34
And then the maggots will jump on my warmer tongue" --
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Potem bodo črvi skočili na moj topli jezik.
06:36
the dog is kind of used up --
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Pes je že izčrpan.
06:38
"and then I'll spit them one by one down on the thing."
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In potem jih bom posamično pljuval na odrezani kos."
06:41
So he goes down, and he's sticking his tongue out like this.
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In tako se skloni in takole iztegne jezik.
06:44
And he had to close his eyes, it's so disgusting, and the smell and everything.
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Moral je zatisniti oči, vonj je bil naravnost ogaben.
06:49
And then, suddenly, there's a pfft, a noise like that.
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In potem se zasliši "puf".
06:51
He jumps back and there, of course, is the future Buddha Maitreya
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Odskoči in pred njim, seveda, stoji bodoči Maitreja Buda.
06:55
in a beautiful vision -- rainbow lights, golden, jeweled, a plasma body,
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Njegova podoba je obdana z zlato-mavričnim, bleščeče pisanim sijem,
07:02
an exquisite mystic vision -- that he sees.
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edinstven mističen pogled je bil.
07:04
And he says, "Oh." He bows.
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In si reče: "Oh," in se prikloni.
07:06
But, being human, he's immediately thinking of his next complaint.
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Ker pa je še vedno človek, takoj začne razmišljati o naslednji pritožbi.
07:10
So as he comes up from his first bow he says,
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Tako vstane in reče:
07:12
"My Lord, I'm so happy to see you, but where have you been for 12 years?
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"Moj gospod, s takim veseljem Vas vidim, toda kje Ste bili 12 let?
07:16
What is this?"
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Kaj to pomeni?"
07:18
And Maitreya says, "I was with you. Who do you think was making needles
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In Maitreja reče: "S teboj sem bil. Kdo drug, pa misliš, je izdeloval šivanke
07:21
and making nests and dripping on rocks for you, mister dense?"
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in gnezda in kapljal po kamnu zate, tepček?"
07:25
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
07:27
"Looking for the Buddha in person," he said.
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"Osebno sem želel videt Budo," reče.
07:30
And he said, "You didn't have, until this moment, real compassion.
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In on je rekel: "Doslej nisi imel pravega sočutja."
07:36
And, until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love."
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In dokler nimaš pravega sočutja, ne moreš prepoznati ljubezni."
07:39
"Maitreya" means love, "the loving one," in Sanskrit.
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Maitreja tu misli ljubezen, "ljubeči" v sanskrtu.
07:43
And so he looked very dubious, Asanga did.
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Asanga ga je pogledal precej dvomeče.
07:45
And he said, "If you don't believe me, just take me with you."
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In mu je Buda rekel: "Če mi ne verjameš, me vzemi s seboj."
07:48
And so he took the Maitreya -- it shrunk into a globe, a ball --
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Tako se je Maitreja skrčil v majhno oblo
07:53
took him on his shoulder.
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in ga je Asanga nosil na rami.
07:55
And he ran into town in the marketplace, and he said, "Rejoice! Rejoice!
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Stekel je na mestni trg in govoril: "Veselite se. Veselite se.
07:59
The future Buddha has come ahead of all predictions. Here he is."
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Prihodnji Buda je prehitel prerokbo. Tu je.
08:03
And then pretty soon they started throwing rocks and stones at him --
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Kar hitro so vanj začeli metati kamne --
08:06
it wasn't Chautauqua, it was some other town --
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to se ni dogajalo v Chautauqui, bilo je v drugem mestu --
08:09
because they saw a demented looking, scrawny looking yogi man,
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ker so videli koščenega asketa, ki se je zdel malo prismojen,
08:13
like some kind of hippie, with a bleeding leg and a rotten dog on his shoulder,
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ki je, kot kakšen hipi, z zlomljeno nogo in gnilim psom na rami
08:18
shouting that the future Buddha had come.
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naokoli kričal, da je prišel prihodnji Buda.
08:20
So, naturally, they chased him out of town.
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Razumljivo je, da so ga pregnali iz mesta.
08:22
But on the edge of town, one elderly lady, a charwoman in the charnel ground,
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Toda na obrobju mesta je stara dama, ki je delala kot čistilka na odprtem grobišču,
08:27
saw a jeweled foot on a jeweled lotus on his shoulder and then the dog,
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in na njegovi in pasji rami opazila draguljasto nogo in lotos,
08:31
but she saw the jewel foot of the Maitreya, and she offered a flower.
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Maitrejino draguljasto nogo, in mu ponudila rožo.
08:35
So that encouraged him, and he went with Maitreya.
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To ga je spodbudilo in je z Maitrejo odšel.
08:38
Maitreya then took him to a certain heaven,
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Maitreja ga je ponesel v posebna nebesa,
08:40
which is the typical way a Buddhist myth unfolds.
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kakor se tipično budistične legende odvijajo.
08:43
And Maitreya then kept him in heaven for five years,
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Maitreja ga je v nebesih zadržal pet let,
08:45
dictating to him five complicated tomes
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kjer mu je narekoval pet zapletenih zvezkov
08:49
of the methodology of how you cultivate compassion.
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o metodologiji, kako gojimo sočutje.
08:52
And then I thought I would share with you what that method is, or one of them.
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Spomnil sem se, da bi vam eno od teh metod razkril.
08:55
A famous one, it's called the "Sevenfold Causal Method of Developing Compassion."
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Ta je slavna, imenuje se "sedemkratna kavzalna metoda razvijanja sočutja".
09:00
And it begins first by one meditating and visualizing that all beings are with one --
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Začnemo z meditiranjem in predstavo, da so vsa bitja združena v eno,
09:07
even animals too, but everyone is in human form.
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in vsa, tudi živali, toda vsi so v človeški podobi.
09:11
The animals are in one of their human lives. The humans are human.
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Živali so eno v človeški podobi. Ljudje so v človeški podobi.
09:14
And then, among them, you think of your friends and loved ones, the circle at the table.
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In potem si med njimi v krogu za mizo predstavljate svoje prijatelje in druge bližnje.
09:19
And you think of your enemies, and you think of the neutral ones.
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Potem si predstavljate svoje sovražnike in nevtralne ljudi.
09:22
And then you try to say, "Well, the loved ones I love.
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Potem pa poskušate reči: "Bližnje imam rad.
09:26
But, you know, after all, they're nice to me.
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Navsezadnje so prijazni do mene.
09:28
I had fights with them. Sometimes they were unfriendly.
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Z njimi sem se tudi prepiral. Včasih so bili neprijazni.
09:30
I got mad. Brothers can fight. Parents and children can fight.
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Sam se se že razjezil. Tudi bratje se sprejo. Starši in otroci se prepirajo.
09:33
So, in a way, I like them so much because they're nice to me.
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Na svoj način jih imam tako rad, ker so do mene prijazni.
09:37
While the neutral ones I don't know. They could all be just fine.
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Nevtralnih ne poznam. Lahko da so dobri ljudje.
09:41
And then the enemies I don't like because they're mean to me.
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Sovražnikov me maram, ker so do mene neprijazni.
09:45
But they are nice to somebody. I could be them."
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So pa dobri do drugih. Tudi jaz bi lahko bil med njimi.
09:48
And then the Buddhists, of course, think that, because we've all had infinite previous lives,
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Budisti seveda verjamejo, da smo vsi imeli nešteto prejšnjih življenj,
09:52
we've all been each other's relatives, actually.
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zato smo bili v bistvu drug drugemu kdaj sorodniki.
09:56
Therefore all of you, in the Buddhist view,
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Zatorej so vsi -- torej tudi vi -- z vidika budizma
09:58
in some previous life, although you don't remember it and neither do I,
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meni v enem prejšnjih življenj bili mati, čeprav se tega nihče od nas ne spomni,
10:02
have been my mother -- for which I do apologize for the trouble I caused you.
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zato se vam opravičujem za vse težave, ki sem vam jih povzročil.
10:07
And also, actually, I've been your mother.
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Pravzaprav sem bil tudi jaz vam mati.
10:10
I've been female, and I've been every single one of yours' mother in a previous life,
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Bil sem ženska, bil sem v vsakem od vas, vaša mati v prejšnjem življenju.
10:13
the way the Buddhists reflect.
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Tako razmišljajo budisti.
10:15
So, my mother in this life is really great. But all of you in a way
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Moja mati je torej moje življenje, to je super. Vendar ste vsi na neki način
10:18
are part of the eternal mother.
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del večne matere.
10:21
You gave me that expression; "the eternal mama," you said. That's wonderful.
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Rečete si, da je ideja "večne mame" odlična.
10:25
So, that's the way the Buddhists do it.
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Tako to počnejo budisti.
10:27
A theist Christian can think that all beings, even my enemies, are God's children.
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Kristjan kot vernik si misli, da so vsa bitja skupaj z njegovimi sovražniki božji otroci.
10:32
So, in that sense, we're related.
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V tej predstavi se ujemamo.
10:34
So, they first create this foundation of equality.
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Naprej torej ustvarijo osnovo enakosti.
10:37
So, we sort of reduce a little of the clinging to the ones we love --
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Zato se manj oklepamo tistih, ki jih ljubimo --
10:41
just in the meditation -- and we open our mind to those we don't know.
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samo med meditacijo -- in se odpremo tistim, ki jih ne poznamo.
10:45
And we definitely reduce the hostility and the "I don't want to be compassionate to them"
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Vsekakor zmanjšamo sovražnost in predstavo, da do nekoga ne želimo biti sočutni.
10:49
to the ones we think of as the bad guys, the ones we hate and we don't like.
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Do tistih, ki si jih predstavljamo kot "slabe", ki jih ne maramo in sovražimo.
10:54
And we don't hate anyone, therefore. So we equalize. That's very important.
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Torej ne sovražimo nikogar. Enačimo se med seboj. To je zelo pomembno.
10:57
And then the next thing we do is what is called "mother recognition."
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Druga stvar. ki jo storimo, je "prepoznavanje matere".
11:01
And that is, we think of every being as familiar, as family.
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To pomeni, da si vsako bitje predstavljamo kot bližnjega, kot družinskega člana.
11:06
We expand. We take the feeling about remembering a mama,
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Širimo se. Prevzamemo razmišljanje o mami,
11:11
and we defuse that to all beings in this meditation.
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in tak odnos ohranjamo do vseh bitij iz te meditacije.
11:15
And we see the mother in every being.
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V vsakem bitju vidimo mater.
11:17
We see that look that the mother has on her face,
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Vidimo izraz na materinem obrazu,
11:20
looking at this child that is a miracle
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ki gleda na otroka, kot bi bil čudež,
11:22
that she has produced from her own body, being a mammal,
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ki je, kot pri vseh sesalcih, prišel iz njenega telesa.
11:25
where she has true compassion, truly is the other, and identifies completely.
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Ona čuti pravo sočutje, je eno z otrokom in se z njim enači.
11:29
Often the life of that other will be more important to her than her own life.
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Pogosto ji bo življenje otroka pomenilo več kot lastno.
11:33
And that's why it's the most powerful form of altruism.
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Zato je materinstvo najmočnejša oblika nesebičnosti.
11:36
The mother is the model of all altruism for human beings,
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Matere v duhovnih tradicijah vsem človeškim bitjem
11:40
in spiritual traditions.
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veljajo kot vzor nesebičnosti.
11:43
And so, we reflect until we can sort of see that motherly expression in all beings.
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Tako moramo razmišljati, dokler ne vidimo tistega materinskega izraza na vseh bitjih.
11:49
People laugh at me because, you know, I used to say that
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Veste, ljudje se mi smejijo, ker sem govoril,
11:52
I used to meditate on mama Cheney as my mom,
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da sem si nekoč gospo Cheney predstavljal kot svojo mamo,
11:56
when, of course, I was annoyed with him about all of his evil doings in Iraq.
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medtem ko so mi zla dejanja njenega moža v Iraku šla na živce.
12:01
I used to meditate on George Bush. He's quite a cute mom in a female form.
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Razmišljal sem o Georgeu Bushu. V ženski obliki je prav ljubka mama.
12:04
He has his little ears and he smiles and he rocks you in his arms.
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Ima majhna ušesa, smehlja se in te ziba na rokah.
12:07
And you think of him as nursing you.
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In si predstavljate, kako vas neguje.
12:10
And then Saddam Hussein's serious mustache is a problem,
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Resni brki Saddama Husseina so težava,
12:13
but you think of him as a mom.
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vendar si ga vseeno predstavljajte kot mamo.
12:16
And this is the way you do it. You take any being who looks weird to you,
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Tako se to počne. Za primer vzamete vsako bitje, ki se vam zdi čudno,
12:18
and you see how they could be familiar to you.
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in skušajte ugotoviti, kako bi se lahko nanj čustveno navezali.
12:22
And you do that for a while, until you really feel that.
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To počnite nekaj časa, dokler tega resnično ne začutite.
12:26
You can feel the familiarity of all beings.
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Čutili boste bližino vseh bitij.
12:28
Nobody seems alien. They're not "other."
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Nihče se vam ne bo zdel tuj. Oni niso "drugi".
12:30
You reduce the feeling of otherness about beings.
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Občutek do bitij kot "drugih" morate zmanjšati.
12:33
Then you move from there to remembering the kindness of mothers in general,
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Potem se premaknete k razmišljanju, kako prijazne so matere nasploh.
12:38
if you can remember the kindness of your own mother,
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Če še lahko spomnite prijaznosti lastne matere,
12:40
if you can remember the kindness of your spouse,
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če se lahko spomnite prijaznosti vašega zakonca,
12:42
or, if you are a mother yourself, how you were with your children.
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ali če ste sami matere, kakšni ste bili do svojih otrok.
12:45
And you begin to get very sentimental; you cultivate sentimentality intensely.
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In postanete zelo sočutni, v vas se razvijejo močna čustva.
12:50
You will even weep, perhaps, with gratitude and kindness.
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Morda celo jokate iz hvaležnosti in veselja.
12:53
And then you connect that with your feeling that everyone has that motherly possibility.
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In se povežete s tem občutkom, da je lahko vsakdo mati.
12:57
Every being, even the most mean looking ones, can be motherly.
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Vsako bitje, tudi tista najbolj grozljiva, je lahko materinsko.
13:02
And then, third, you step from there to what is called "a feeling of gratitude."
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Tretjič, s s tistega načina razmišljanja razvijete občutek hvaležnosti.
13:06
You want to repay that kindness that all beings have shown to you.
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Želite si povrniti hvaležnost, ki so vam jo vsa bitja izkazala.
13:10
And then the fourth step, you go to what is called "lovely love."
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Kot četrti korak, preidete k "ljubki ljubezni".
13:14
In each one of these you can take some weeks, or months, or days
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Za vsak korak si lahko vzamete nekaj dni, tednov ali mesecev,
13:16
depending on how you do it, or you can do them in a run, this meditation.
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odvisno, kako dobro vam gre, ali pa meditacijo opravite na hitro.
13:20
And then you think of how lovely beings are when they are happy,
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Potem si predstavljate, kako so bitja ljubka, ko so srečna,
13:25
when they are satisfied.
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ko so zadovoljna.
13:27
And every being looks beautiful when they are internally feeling a happiness.
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Vsako bitje je lepo, ko v svoji notranjosti čuti srečo.
13:31
Their face doesn't look like this. When they're angry, they look ugly, every being,
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Njihov obraz ne zgleda takole. Ko so jezna, so vsa bitja grda,
13:35
but when they're happy they look beautiful.
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ko pa so srečna, so lepa.
13:37
And so you see beings in their potential happiness.
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Tako vidite bitja v možnem stanju blaženosti.
13:40
And you feel a love toward them and you want them to be happy, even the enemy.
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Do njih gojite čustva, da jim želite srečo, celo do sovražnikov.
13:43
We think Jesus is being unrealistic
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Pravzaprav je taka želja zelo samoumevna.
13:45
when he says, "Love thine enemy."
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Mislimo si, da je Jezus nerealen, ko nam pravi, naj ljubimo svojega sovražnika.
13:49
He does say that, and we think he's being unrealistic
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Resnično tako misli, toda mi mislimo, da je nerealen,
13:52
and sort of spiritual and highfalutin. "Nice for him to say it, but I can't do that."
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da je to preveč duhovno napihnjeno, mislimo si: "Lepo, da tako misli, a jaz tega ne zmorem."
13:55
But, actually, that's practical.
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V resnici pa je nauk zelo priročen.
13:57
If you love your enemy that means you want your enemy to be happy.
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Če ljubite svojega sovražnika, potem mu želite srečo.
14:00
If your enemy was really happy, why would they bother to be your enemy?
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Če bi bil on resnično srečen, zakaj bi hotel biti vaš sovražnik?
14:04
How boring to run around chasing you.
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Vas naokoli loviti je tako dolgočasno.
14:06
They would be relaxing somewhere having a good time.
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Raje bi se nekje sproščal in zabaval.
14:09
So it makes sense to want your enemy to be happy,
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Zato je smiselno, da svojemu sovražniku želite srečo,
14:11
because they'll stop being your enemy because that's too much trouble.
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ker bi jim sicer vzelo preveč truda, da bi vas sovražili.
14:14
But anyway, that's the "lovely love. "
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Kakorkoli že, to pomeni "ljubka ljubezen".
14:16
And then finally, the fifth step is compassion, "universal compassion."
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Končno smo pri petem koraku, univerzalnem sočutju.
14:20
And that is where you then look at the reality of all the beings you can think of.
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Tu si predstavljate realnost vseh bitij, kar se jih lahko spomnite.
14:26
And you look at them, and you see how they are.
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Gledate jih in vidite, kako jim gre.
14:28
And you realize how unhappy they are actually, mostly, most of the time.
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In pravzaprav opazite, kako so večino časa nesrečna.
14:32
You see that furrowed brow in people.
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Pri ljudeh opazite nagubano čelo.
14:34
And then you realize they don't even have compassion on themselves.
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In se zaveste, da sploh ne čutijo sočutja.
14:37
They're driven by this duty and this obligation.
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Ženejo jih obveznosti.
14:39
"I have to get that. I need more. I'm not worthy. And I should do something."
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"To moram dobiti. Več potrebujem. Tega nisem vreden. Nekaj moram glede tega storiti."
14:43
And they're rushing around all stressed out.
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In potem napeti hitijo naokoli.
14:45
And they think of it as somehow macho, hard discipline on themselves.
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To si sami predstavljajo kot trdo, "mačo" samodisciplino.
14:49
But actually they are cruel to themselves.
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V resnici pa so do sebe zelo kuti.
14:52
And, of course, they are cruel and ruthless toward others.
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Seveda so potem tudi kruti do drugih.
14:54
And they, then, never get any positive feedback.
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Zato tudi nikoli niso deležni odobravanja.
14:56
And the more they succeed and the more power they have,
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Bolj ko so uspešni, tem več moči imajo,
14:58
the more unhappy they are.
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in bolj so nesrečni.
15:00
And this is where you feel real compassion for them.
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Na tem mestu do njih čutite pravo sočutje.
15:03
And you then feel you must act.
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Čutite, da morate nekaj storiti.
15:06
And the choice of the action, of course,
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To je vaša motivacija
15:08
hopefully will be more practical
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in izbira, kako boste ukrepali, bo po možnosti bolj praktična
15:12
than poor Asanga, who was fixing the maggots on the dog
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kot tista od ubogega Asange, ki je s psa pobiral črve,
15:16
because he had that motivation, and whoever was in front of him,
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ker je za to imel motivacijo; kdor je pred njim stal,
15:19
he wanted to help.
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temu je hotel pomagati.
15:21
But, of course, that is impractical. He should have founded the ASPCA in the town
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To je seveda nepraktično. Moral bi v mestu osnovati kakšno društvo za pomoč živalim
15:25
and gotten some scientific help for dogs and maggots.
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in psom ter črvom priskrbeti strokovno pomoč.
15:28
And I'm sure he did that later. (Laughter) But that just indicates the state of mind, you know.
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Prepričan sem, da je to kasneje tudi storil. To samo dokazuje, kako se je v tistem trenutku počutil.
15:34
And so the next step -- the sixth step beyond "universal compassion" --
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Naslednji, šesti korak, sega preko vsesplošnega sočutja --
15:38
is this thing where you're linked with the needs of others in a true way,
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takrat ste resnično povezani s potrebami drugih
15:42
and you have compassion for yourself also,
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in ste tudi do sebe sočutni,
15:45
and it isn't sentimental only. You might be in fear of something.
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istočasno spet niste -- ni vse sentimentalnost. Lahko da se nečesa bojite.
15:48
Some bad guy is making himself more and more unhappy
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Neki zlobnež samega sebe vse bolj spravlja v nesrečo,
15:51
being more and more mean to other people
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ker je bolj neprijazen do drugih
15:53
and getting punished in the future for it in various ways.
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in je potem na različne načine za to kaznovan.
15:56
And in Buddhism, they catch it in the future life.
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V budizmu jih tak odnos kaznuje v naslednjem življenju.
15:59
Of course in theistic religion they're punished by God or whatever.
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V teističnih religijah jih kaznuje Bog ali kdo drug.
16:02
And materialism, they think they get out of it just by not existing,
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V materializmu si misijo, da se temu izognejo,
16:04
by dying, but they don't.
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ko umrejo, toda v resnici se ne.
16:07
And so they get reborn as whatever, you know.
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In se ponovno rodijo v drugi obliki.
16:10
Never mind. I won't get into that.
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Pustimo to. V to se ne bomo spuščali.
16:12
But the next step is called "universal responsibility."
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Naslednji korak se imenuje univerzalna odgovornost.
16:15
And that is very important -- the Charter of Compassion
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To je zelo pomembno -- listina sočutja Karen Armstrong
16:18
must lead us to develop through true compassion,
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nam mora pomagati, da s principom pravega sočutja
16:21
what is called "universal responsibility."
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dosežemo raven vsesplošne odgovornosti.
16:23
In the great teaching of his Holiness the Dalai Lama
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Enako učijo tudi modri nauki svetega dalajlame,
16:27
that he always teaches everywhere, he says
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da deli svoje nauke povsod in pravi,
16:29
that that is the common religion of humanity: kindness.
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da je prijaznost vera, skupna celemu človeštvu.
16:32
But "kindness" means "universal responsibility."
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Toda prijaznost pomeni vsesplošno odgovornost.
16:34
And that means whatever happens to other beings is happening to us:
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To pomeni, da karkoli se zgodi drugim bitjem, se zgodi tudi nam,
16:38
we are responsible for that, and we should take it
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tudi mi smo za to odgovorni, in moramo nalogo prevzeti
16:42
and do whatever we can at whatever little level
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ter storiti, karkoli lahko,
16:44
and small level that we can do it.
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tudi če je možnost za našo pomoč še tako omejena.
16:46
We absolutely must do that. There is no way not to do it.
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To enostavno moramo storiti. Vedno obstaja možnost, da kaj storimo.
16:50
And then, finally, that leads to a new orientation in life
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Končno nas to vodi v novo vodilo v našem življenju,
16:54
where we live equally for ourselves and for others
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kjer enakovredno živimo zase in za druge
16:58
and we are
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in se zavemo veselja drugih za nas --
17:02
joyful and happy.
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potem smo veseli in srečni.
17:04
One thing we mustn't think is that compassion makes you miserable.
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Nikakor ne smemo misliti, da nas sočutje spravlja v obup.
17:07
Compassion makes you happy.
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Sočutje osrečuje.
17:09
The first person who is happy when you get great compassion is yourself,
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Ko začutite sočutje do nekoga, ste najprej srečni vi sami,
17:13
even if you haven't done anything yet for anybody else.
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tudi ko za nekoga doslej niste še ničesar storili.
17:15
Although, the change in your mind already does something for other beings:
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Že sprememba vašega načina razmišljanja stori nekaj dobrega za druga bitja.
17:20
they can sense this new quality in yourself,
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Ona lahko to lastnost v vas začutijo.
17:23
and it helps them already, and gives them an example.
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Že to jim pomaga in jim je za zgled.
17:25
And that uncompassionate clock has just showed me that it's all over.
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Tista nesočutna ura pa mi je pokazala, da je vsega konec.
17:29
So, practice compassion, read the charter, disseminate it
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Torej -- vadite sočutje, berite listino, širite njeno sporočilo
17:34
and develop it within yourself.
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in ga sprejmite kot vaše.
17:36
Don't just think, "Well, I'm compassionate," or "I'm not compassionate,"
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Ne mislite si, da ste tako in tako omejeni,
17:39
and sort of think you're stuck there.
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če ste sočutni ali ne.
17:41
You can develop this. You can diminish the non-compassion,
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Sočutje lahko razvijete. Brezčutnost, krutost, zanemarjanje
17:44
the cruelty, the callousness, the neglect of others,
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in brezbrižnost lahko zmanjšate.
17:48
and take universal responsibility for them.
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Prevzemite univerzalno odgovornost zanje
17:50
And then, not only will God smile and the eternal mama will smile,
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in se ne bosta smehljala le Bog in večna mama,
17:55
but Karen Armstrong will smile.
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tudi Karen Armstrong se bo smehljala.
17:57
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Najlepša hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Thurman - Buddhist scholarThe first American to be ordained a Tibetan Monk by the Dalai Lama, Robert A.F. Thurman is a scholar, author and tireless proponent of peace.
Why you should listen
Tenzin Robert Thurman became a Tibetan monk at age 24. He's a professor of Indo-Tibetan Buddhist studies at Columbia University, and co-founder of Tibet House US, a nonprofit dedicated to the preservation and promotion of Tibetan civilization.
Thurman's focus is on the balance between inner insight and cultural harmony. In interpreting the teachings of Buddha, he argues that happiness can be reliable and satisfying in an enduring way without depriving others.
He has translated many Buddhist Sutras, or teachings, and written many books, recently taking on the topic of Anger for the recent Oxford series on the seven deadly sins. He maintains a podcast on Buddhist topics. And yes, he is Uma's dad.
Robert Thurman | Speaker | TED.com