ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects.

Why you should listen

Dr. Sebastian Wernicke is the Chief Data Scientist of ONE LOGIC, a data science boutique that supports organizations across industries to make sense of their vast data collections to improve operations and gain strategic advantages. Wernicke originally studied bioinformatics and previously led the strategy and growth of Seven Bridges Genomics, a Cambridge-based startup that builds platforms for genetic analysis.

Before his career in statistics began, Wernicke worked stints as both a paramedic and successful short animated filmmaker. He's also the author of the TEDPad app, an irreverent tool for creating an infinite number of "amazing and really bad" and mostly completely meaningless talks. He's the author of the statistically authoritative and yet completely ridiculous "How to Give the Perfect TEDTalk."

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Wernicke | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxZurich 2011

Sebastian Wernicke: 1,000 TED Talks in six words

賽巴詩真‧沃尼克:六個字道盡千場TED演說。

Filmed:
702,149 views

賽巴詩真認為每場TED演說能用六個字做摘要。他在TEDxZurich示範他如何用六個,甚至更少的字做到。
- Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
There's currently目前 over a thousand TEDTalksTED演講 on the TEDTED website網站.
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目前TED網頁上有超過一千場演說
00:19
And I guess猜測 many許多 of you here
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我猜你們許多人
00:22
think that this is quite相當 fantastic奇妙 --
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認為這很棒
00:24
except for me. I don't agree同意 with this.
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我則不然,我完全不認為
00:26
I think we have a situation情況 here.
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我認為我們有一個問題
00:28
Because if you think about it, 1,000 TEDTalksTED演講,
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若你細想,一千場演說
00:31
that's over 1,000 ideas思路 worth價值 spreading傳播.
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代表超過一千個值得分享的觀念
00:34
How on earth地球
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到底
00:36
are you going to spread傳播 a thousand ideas思路?
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你要如何散播一千個觀念
00:38
Even if you just try to get all of those ideas思路 into your head
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就算你光要把這些觀念裝進你腦袋
00:40
by watching觀看 all those thousand TEDTED videos視頻,
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用看TED影片的方式
00:42
it would actually其實 currently目前 take you
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目前要花你
00:45
over 250 hours小時 to do so.
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超過250個小時
00:47
And I did a little calculation計算 of this.
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我稍微算了一下
00:49
The damage損傷 to the economy經濟 for each one who does this
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如果每個人都這麼做,對經濟的傷害
00:52
is around $15,000.
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約一萬五千美金
00:54
So having seen看到 this danger危險 to the economy經濟,
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知道這對經濟造成的危害後
00:57
I thought, we need to find a solution to this problem問題.
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我認為我們需要一個解決的方法
01:00
Here's這裡的 my approach途徑 to it all.
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以下是我一舉解決這問題的方法
01:02
If you look at the current當前 situation情況,
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若你評估一下我們的現況
01:04
you have a thousand TEDTalksTED演講.
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我們有一千場TED演說
01:06
Each of those TEDTalksTED演講 has an average平均 length長度
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每場演說平均長度
01:08
of about 2,300 words.
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約兩千三百字
01:10
Now take this together一起
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將全部加在一起
01:12
and you end結束 up with 2.3 million百萬 words of TEDTalksTED演講,
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你會得到兩百三十萬字的TED演說
01:15
which哪一個 is about three Bibles-worth聖經價值 of content內容.
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這字數相當於三本聖經的內容
01:18
The obvious明顯 question here is,
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從這裡可以看出一個簡單的問題
01:20
does a TEDTalkTED演講 really need 2,300 words?
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一場TED演說需要用到兩千三百字嗎?
01:23
Isn't there something shorter?
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字數不能少一點嗎?
01:25
I mean, if you have an idea理念 worth價值 spreading傳播,
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若有值得散播的觀念
01:27
surely一定 you can put it into something shorter
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那麼一定可以不必用到
01:29
than 2,300 words.
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兩千三百字
01:31
The only question is, how short can you get?
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而問題是,字數可以少到什麼程度呢?
01:33
What's the minimum最低限度 amount of words
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到底可以用多少的字
01:35
you would need to do a TEDTalkTED演講?
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來能完成一場TED演說呢?
01:37
While I was pondering琢磨 this question,
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我在思索這個問題時
01:39
I came來了 across橫過 this urban城市的 legend傳說 about Ernest歐內斯特 Hemingway海明威,
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我碰巧聽到關於海明威的傳言
01:42
who allegedly據稱 said that these six words here:
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據說他說過這六個字
01:45
"For sale拍賣: baby寶寶 shoes, never worn磨損的,"
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「售:童鞋,全新的」
01:48
were the best最好 novel小說 he had ever written書面.
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是他寫過最好的小說了
01:51
And I also encountered遇到 a project項目 called Six-Word六個字 Memoirs回憶錄
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我也發現一個叫「六字回憶錄」的企劃
01:53
where people were asked,
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參與的人被要求
01:55
take your whole整個 life and please sum this up into six words, such這樣 as these here:
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用六個字 為他們的人生做總結
01:58
"Found發現 true真正 love, married已婚 someone有人 else其他."
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「真愛沒嫁我」
02:00
Or "Living活的 in existential存在 vacuum真空; it sucks."
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或是「生命超空洞,爛」
02:03
I actually其實 like that one.
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我其實還蠻喜歡這一個
02:05
So if a novel小說 can be put into six words
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如果小說能被縮短成六個字
02:08
and a whole整個 memoir傳記 can be put into six words,
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而回憶錄也可以
02:11
you don't need more than six words for a TEDTalkTED演講.
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那麼TED演說不需要超過六個字
02:14
We could have been doneDONE by lunch午餐 here.
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我們其實中午就可以結束了
02:16
I mean ...
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我的意思是說
02:19
And if you did this for all thousand TEDTalksTED演講,
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若你把一千場TED演說都縮短成六個字
02:21
you would get from 2.3 million百萬 words down to 6,000.
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原本的兩百三十萬就只剩下六千字了
02:24
So I thought this was quite相當 worthwhile合算.
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所以我覺得這很值得做
02:26
So I started開始 asking all my friends朋友,
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於是我開始請朋友幫忙
02:28
please take your favorite喜愛 TEDTalkTED演講 and put that into six words.
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我請他們把喜歡的TED演說用六個字道出
02:31
So here are some of the results結果 that I received收到. I think they're quite相當 nice不錯.
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這裡一些我得到的結果。我覺得它們還不錯
02:33
For example, Dan Pink's粉紅色的 talk on motivation動機,
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舉例來說,丹‧平克關於激勵人心的演說
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which哪一個 was pretty漂亮 good if you haven't沒有 seen看到 it:
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那場還蠻棒的
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"Drop下降 carrot胡蘿蔔. Drop下降 stick. Bring帶來 meaning含義."
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「不獎懲,講重點」
02:39
It's what he's basically基本上 talking about in those 18 and a half minutes分鐘.
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而這基本上就是那演說18分半的重點
02:42
Or some even included包括 references引用 to the speakers音箱,
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有人甚至介紹了演講人參考的風格
02:44
such這樣 as Nathan彌敦道 Myhrvold's梅爾沃德的 speaking請講 style樣式,
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例如說:納森‧米洛的演說風格
02:46
or the one of Tim蒂姆 Ferriss費里斯,
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或是提姆‧法洛的演說風格
02:48
which哪一個 might威力 be considered考慮 a bit strenuous費勁 at times.
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若要這麼做,有時可能很費力
02:51
The challenge挑戰 here is, if I try to systematically系統 do this,
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而困難就在於,若我有系統的這麼做
02:54
I would probably大概 end結束 up with a lot of summaries摘要,
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雖然最後我會有很多六字摘要
02:56
but not with many許多 friends朋友 in the end結束.
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但朋友可能都跑光了
02:58
So I had to find a different不同 method方法,
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於是我必須找別的方法
03:00
preferably優選 involving涉及 total strangers陌生人.
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最好能讓能叫陌生人參與的
03:02
And luckily there's a website網站 for that called Mechanical機械 Turk土耳其人,
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很幸運的是,有一個網站叫「機械工人」
03:05
which哪一個 is a website網站 where you can post崗位 tasks任務
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在這個網站,你可以發文請人幫忙
03:07
that you don't want to do yourself你自己,
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來完成你不想自己動手做的工作
03:09
such這樣 as "Please summarize總結 this text文本 for me in six words."
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例如說,請用六個字幫這份文章做摘要
03:12
And I didn't allow允許 any low-cost低成本 countries國家 to work on this,
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而且我不希望讓那些剝削勞工的國家參與
03:15
but I found發現 out I could get a six-word六個字 summary概要 for just 10 cents,
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而我發現,一份六字摘要的費用僅僅十美分
03:19
which哪一個 I think is a pretty漂亮 good price價錢.
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我覺得這個價錢還蠻不錯的
03:21
Even then, unfortunately不幸,
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但很不幸的,就算那樣
03:23
it's not possible可能 to summarize總結 each TEDTalkTED演講 individually個別地.
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要把每場TED演說做摘要還是一個不可能的任務
03:26
Because if you do the math數學, you have a thousand TEDTalksTED演講,
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我們來算一下好了,我們手上有一千場TED演說
03:28
the pay工資 10 cents each;
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而每份摘要十美分
03:30
you have to do more than one summary概要 for each of those talks會談,
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而有時,同一場演說會有超過一份摘要
03:33
because some of them will probably大概 be, or are, really bad.
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因為有些演說的內容可能,不然就是真的很糟
03:36
So I would end結束 up paying付款 hundreds數以百計 of dollars美元.
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而這樣下來費用將是數百元
03:39
So I thought of a different不同 way
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於是我想了一個不同的方法
03:41
by thinking思維, well, the talks會談 revolve圍繞 around certain某些 themes主題.
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因為TED演說都有特定的主題
03:44
So what if I don't let people summarize總結
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要是我不是叫人
03:46
individual個人 TEDTalksTED演講 to six words,
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一次做一篇TED演說的摘要
03:48
but give them 10 TEDTalksTED演講 at the same相同 time
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而是一次給他們十場TED演說
03:50
and say, "Please do a six-word六個字 summary概要 for that one."
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並對他們說,「請用六個字為這十篇演說做一個摘要」
03:53
I would cut my costs成本 by 90 percent百分.
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那麼我的費用會減少九成
03:55
So for $60,
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這麼一來,60元
03:58
I could summarize總結 a thousand TEDTalksTED演講
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就能買到一千場TED演說的摘要了
04:00
into just 600 summaries摘要,
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也就是六百篇摘要
04:02
which哪一個 would actually其實 be quite相當 nice不錯.
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這樣還蠻不錯的
04:04
Now some of you might威力 actually其實 right now be thinking思維,
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我們當中可能有人覺得
04:06
It's downright徹頭徹尾 crazy to have 10 TEDTalksTED演講 summarized總結 into just six words.
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用六個字來為十場TED演說做摘要是很瘋狂的想法
04:09
But it's actually其實 not,
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但其實不會
04:11
because there's an example by statistics統計 professor教授, Hans漢斯 Rosling羅斯林.
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而統計教授漢斯·羅斯林就是一個很好的例子
04:14
I guess猜測 many許多 of you have seen看到 one or more of his talks會談.
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我猜你們當中有許多人看過他的演說
04:16
He's got eight talks會談 online線上,
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線上有八場他的演說
04:18
and those talks會談 can basically基本上 be summed總結 up into just four words,
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而這八場演說其實可以用四個字做摘要
04:21
because that's all he's basically基本上 showing展示 us,
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因為基本上,他只是想告訴我們
04:23
our intuition直覺 is really bad.
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我們的直覺不準
04:25
He always proves證明 us wrong錯誤.
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他總能證明我們錯了
04:27
So people on the Internet互聯網, some didn't do so well.
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但其實網路上面幫忙的人,有些表現的不是很好
04:30
I mean, when I asked them to summarize總結 the 10 TEDTalksTED演講 at the same相同 time,
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當我叫他們幫我把十篇TED演說做六字摘要時
04:32
some took the easy簡單 route路線 out.
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有些人偷懶
04:34
They just had some general一般 comment評論.
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就只給我一下很普通的評語
04:37
There were others其他, and I found發現 this quite相當 cheeky厚臉皮.
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當然也有一些人很機車
04:40
They used their six words to talk back to me
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他們用這六個字來消遣我
04:42
and ask me if I'd been too much on Google谷歌 lately最近.
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並問我最近是不是太沉迷網路了
04:46
And finally最後 also, I never understood了解 this,
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當然也有人說的我一直都不懂
04:49
some people really came來了 up with their own擁有 version of the truth真相.
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因為這些人自己掰了一些大道理出來
04:52
I don't know any TEDTalkTED演講 that contains包含 this.
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而TED演說中完全沒有這樣的內容
04:55
But, oh well. In the end結束, however然而,
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那我就算了。但最後
04:57
and this is really amazing驚人,
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很神奇的事情發生了
04:59
for each of those 10 TEDTalkTED演講 clusters集群 that I submitted提交,
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我發文請人摘要的十場演說,每個
05:01
I actually其實 received收到 meaningful富有意義的 summaries摘要.
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都有人給我有意義的摘要
05:03
Here are some of my favorites最愛.
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以下是我最愛的幾個
05:05
For example, for all the TEDTalksTED演講 around food餐飲,
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例如關於食物主題的TED演說
05:07
someone有人 summed總結 this up into: "Food餐飲 shaping成型 body身體, brains大腦 and environment環境,"
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有人的摘要是,「食物會塑造體態﹑頭腦和環境」
05:09
which哪一個 I think is pretty漂亮 good.
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我覺得這個很棒
05:11
Or happiness幸福: "Striving努力 toward happiness幸福 =
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或是在幸福的主題中,「追求快樂
05:13
moving移動 toward unhappiness不幸."
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結果就是自找不快樂」
05:15
So here I was.
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結論就是
05:17
I had started開始 out with a thousand TEDTalksTED演講
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我原本的一千場TED演說
05:19
and I had 600 six-word六個字 summaries摘要 for those.
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現在成了六百篇六字摘要
05:22
Actually其實 it sounded滿面 nice不錯 in the beginning開始,
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原本感覺還不錯
05:24
but when you look at 600 summaries摘要, it's quite相當 a lot.
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但我看了一下後,六百篇還蠻多的
05:26
It's a huge巨大 list名單.
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超長的
05:28
So I thought, I probably大概 have to take this one step further進一步 here
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於是我想更進一步的將他們縮短
05:32
and create創建 summaries摘要 of the summaries摘要 -- and this is exactly究竟 what I did.
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並幫這些摘要做摘要,而我也真的付諸實現
05:35
So I took the 600 summaries摘要 that I had,
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我將手上的六百篇摘要
05:37
put them into nine groups
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分成九組
05:39
according根據 to the ratings評級 that the talks會談 had originally本來 received收到 on TEDTED.comCOM
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依據他們在TED網站上原本得到的評分來分類
05:43
and asked people to do summaries摘要 of those.
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並要求人們幫他們做摘要
05:46
Again, there were some misunderstandings誤解.
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過程中有人誤會了摘要的目的
05:48
For example, when I had a cluster of all the beautiful美麗 talks會談,
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例如其中一些精彩演說的摘要
05:50
someone有人 thought I was just trying to find the ultimate最終 pick-up撿起 line.
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被誤會成是搭訕用的終極開場白
05:53
But in the end結束, amazingly令人驚訝,
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但最後,很神氣的是
05:56
again, people were able能夠 to do it.
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人們又達到我的要求了
05:58
For example, all the courageous勇敢 TEDTalksTED演講:
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例如關於勇氣的TED演說
06:00
"People dying垂死," or "People suffering痛苦," was also one,
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「人們被便利的方法害死了」或是
06:02
"with easy簡單 solutions解決方案 around."
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「人們因為便利的方法而痛苦著」
06:04
Or the recipe食譜 for the ultimate最終 jaw-dropping瞠目結舌 TEDTalkTED演講:
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或是最令人驚艷的TED演說
06:06
"FlickrFlickr的 photos相片 of intergalactic星系間 classical古典 composer作曲家."
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「跨銀河古典樂做曲家的網路相簿」
06:09
I mean that's the essence本質 of it all.
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而這其實就算這個演講的菁華了
06:12
Now I had my nine groups,
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現在我有九個類別的摘要
06:14
but, I mean, it's already已經 quite相當 a reduction減少.
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雖然數量已經大幅消減了
06:17
But of course課程, once一旦 you are that far, you're not really satisfied滿意.
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但都走到這一步了,你會覺得還意猶未盡
06:20
I wanted to go all the way, all the way down the distillery酒廠,
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我想說,要做就做的徹底
06:23
starting開始 out with a thousand TEDTalksTED演講.
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原本手上的一千場TED演說
06:25
I wanted to have a thousand TEDTalksTED演講 summarized總結 into just six words --
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我想將他們濃縮成一份六個字的摘要
06:28
which哪一個 would be a 99.9997 percent百分 reduction減少 in content內容.
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也就是刪除99.9997%的內容
06:32
And I would only pay工資 $99.50 --
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而費用僅99.5美金
06:35
so stay even below下面 a hundred dollars美元 for it.
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甚至不用花到100美元
06:38
So I had 50 overall總體 summaries摘要 doneDONE.
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我先做五十份摘要
06:40
This time I paid支付 25 cents
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這次的費用是25分美金
06:42
because I thought the task任務 was a bit harder更難.
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因為我覺得這次的工作比較困難
06:45
And unfortunately不幸 when I first received收到 the answers答案 --
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不幸的是,當我收到結果時
06:47
and here you'll你會 see six of the answers答案 --
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以下六個結果
06:49
I was a bit disappointed失望.
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讓我有點失望
06:51
Because I think you'll你會 agree同意, they all summarize總結 some aspect方面 of TEDTED,
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我覺得你們看了也回失望,他們僅摘要出TED的部份特質
06:54
but to me they felt a bit bland平淡,
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但我覺得他們很乏味
06:56
or they just had a certain某些 aspect方面 of TEDTED in them.
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不然就是他們僅僅為TED的一個特質做摘要
06:59
So I was almost幾乎 ready準備 to give up
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而當我正要放棄時
07:02
when one night I played發揮 around with these sentences句子
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有一個晚上我把玩著這些句子
07:04
and found發現 out that there's actually其實 a beautiful美麗 solution in here.
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我發現一個很漂亮的解決方法
07:08
So here it is,
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也就是
07:11
a crowd-sourced眾包, six-word六個字 summary概要 of a thousand TEDTalksTED演講
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利用網路分工合作為一千場TED演說來做一份六字摘要
07:15
at the value of $99.50:
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而它價值99.5美金
07:18
"Why the worry擔心? I'd rather wonder奇蹟."
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「何必擔憂?時候到了就知道了」
07:20
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家
07:22
(Applause掌聲)
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【掌聲】
Translated by Ching-Yuan Chen
Reviewed by yuanyuan liang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects.

Why you should listen

Dr. Sebastian Wernicke is the Chief Data Scientist of ONE LOGIC, a data science boutique that supports organizations across industries to make sense of their vast data collections to improve operations and gain strategic advantages. Wernicke originally studied bioinformatics and previously led the strategy and growth of Seven Bridges Genomics, a Cambridge-based startup that builds platforms for genetic analysis.

Before his career in statistics began, Wernicke worked stints as both a paramedic and successful short animated filmmaker. He's also the author of the TEDPad app, an irreverent tool for creating an infinite number of "amazing and really bad" and mostly completely meaningless talks. He's the author of the statistically authoritative and yet completely ridiculous "How to Give the Perfect TEDTalk."

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Wernicke | Speaker | TED.com