ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects.

Why you should listen

Dr. Sebastian Wernicke is the Chief Data Scientist of ONE LOGIC, a data science boutique that supports organizations across industries to make sense of their vast data collections to improve operations and gain strategic advantages. Wernicke originally studied bioinformatics and previously led the strategy and growth of Seven Bridges Genomics, a Cambridge-based startup that builds platforms for genetic analysis.

Before his career in statistics began, Wernicke worked stints as both a paramedic and successful short animated filmmaker. He's also the author of the TEDPad app, an irreverent tool for creating an infinite number of "amazing and really bad" and mostly completely meaningless talks. He's the author of the statistically authoritative and yet completely ridiculous "How to Give the Perfect TEDTalk."

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Wernicke | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxZurich 2011

Sebastian Wernicke: 1,000 TED Talks in six words

沙巴斯丹·華力:一千個演講濃縮成六個英文單詞

Filmed:
702,149 views

沙巴斯丹·華力認為每個TED唧演講都可以用六個英文單詞嚟概要。喺TED蘇黎世唧舞臺上,佢就同大家講解咗如何用六個甚至更少單詞嚟總結依啲演講。
- Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
There's currently目前 over a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁 on the TED泰德 website網站.
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喺TED唧網站入邊一共有超過一千個演講。
00:19
And I guess many好多 of you here
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我諗你哋多數都會覺得
00:22
think that this is quite都幾 fantastic夢幻般 --
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好勁啊!
00:24
except除咗 for me. I don't agree同意 with this.
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但喺我就唔喺咁諗,
00:26
I think we have a situation情況 here.
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我覺得依個喺一個難題。
00:28
Because if you think about it, 1,000 TEDTalks次傾偈咁,
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因為你諗下,一千個演講意味著
00:31
that's over 1,000 ideas想法 worth值得 spreading傳播.
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有超過一千個諗法值得我哋傳播。
00:34
How on earth地球
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邊有可能
00:36
are you going to spread傳播 a thousand ideas想法?
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傳播依一千個諗法?
00:38
Even if you just try to get all of those ideas想法 into your head
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就算你諗住睇曬依一千條片,
00:40
by watching all those thousand TED泰德 videos視頻,
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將所有嘢塞入你個腦,
00:42
it would actually講真 currently目前 take you
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你都需要
00:45
over 250 hours小時 to do so.
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超過250個鐘。
00:47
And I did a little calculation計算 of this.
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我就計咗下數,
00:49
The damage損傷 to the economy經濟 for each每個 one who does this
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每睇一條片造成唧經濟損失大概喺
00:52
is around $15,000.
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一萬五千美金。
00:54
So having seen看到 this danger危險 to the economy經濟,
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既然佢會引起咁唧經濟破壞,
00:57
I thought, we need to find a solution解決方案 to this problem個問題.
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我就諗我哋需要一個解决措施。
01:00
Here's呢度有 my approach方法 to it all.
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跟住我會講下我唧做法。
01:02
If you look at the current當前 situation情況,
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觀望現實情況,
01:04
you have a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁.
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有一千個演講,
01:06
Each每個 of those TEDTalks次傾偈咁 has an average平均 length長度
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每個演講唧平均長度喺
01:08
of about 2,300 words的話.
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約2300個英文單詞。
01:10
Now take this together一起
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計下個總數
01:12
and you end結束 up with 2.3 million words的話 of TEDTalks次傾偈咁,
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所有演講加起身一共有230萬詞,
01:15
which is about three Bibles-worth聖經-價值 of content內容.
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喺《聖經》唧三倍。
01:18
The obvious明顯 question個問題 here is,
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問題就喺
01:20
does a TEDTalkTEDTalk really need 2,300 words的話?
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一個演講真喺需要2300詞咩?
01:23
Isn't there something shorter?
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可唔可以短啲啊?
01:25
I mean, if you have an idea想法 worth值得 spreading傳播,
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如果你想宣揚你唧諗法
01:27
surely肯定 you can put it into something shorter
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你絕對可以將佢縮到短過
01:29
than 2,300 words的話.
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2300詞。
01:31
The only question個問題 is, how short can you get?
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唯一唧問題喺可以縮到幾短啊?
01:33
What's the minimum最低 amount of words的話
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一個演講
01:35
you would need to do a TEDTalkTEDTalk?
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你最少需要幾個詞呢?
01:37
While I was pondering思考 this question個問題,
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我諗緊依個問題唧時候
01:39
I came across this urban城市 legend傳說 about Ernest欧内斯特 Hemingway海明威,
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傳奇作家海明威出現喺我腦海。
01:42
who allegedly據稱 said that these six words的話 here:
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佢曾經講過依六个词
01:45
"For sale銷售: baby寶貝 shoes, never worn穿,"
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“出售:嬰兒鞋,全新。”
01:48
were the best最好 novel小說 he had ever written.
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喺佢寫過最好唧小說。
01:51
And I also encountered遇到 a project項目 called Six-Word六字 Memoirs回憶錄
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我仲見過一個計劃:“六詞傳記”
01:53
where people were asked問吓,
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所有人
01:55
take your whole整個 life and please sum this up into six words的話, such as these here:
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都用六個英文單詞總結佢哋唧生平,譬如:
01:58
"Found發現 true真係 love, married結婚 someone有人 else."
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“搵到真愛,卻與他人成家。”
02:00
Or "Living生活 in existential存在 vacuum真空; it sucks."
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“生活空虛;好弊。”
02:03
I actually講真 like that one.
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我好中意第二個。
02:05
So if a novel小說 can be put into six words的話
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如果一篇小說可以濃縮成六個詞
02:08
and a whole整個 memoir回憶錄 can be put into six words的話,
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人唧一生可以用六個詞黎總結
02:11
you don't need more than six words的話 for a TEDTalkTEDTalk.
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咁一個演講都只需要六個詞。
02:14
We could have been done by lunch午餐 here.
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中午飯之前就可以聽曬今日所有演講喇!
02:16
I mean ...
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嗱,
02:19
And if you did this for all thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁,
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如果將所有演講進行濃縮,
02:21
you would get from 2.3 million words的話 down to 6,000.
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就可以由230萬詞减到6000
02:24
So I thought this was quite都幾 worthwhile值得.
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我覺得幾好啊。
02:26
So I started初時 asking問吓 all my friends朋友,
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然後我就開始嗌我所有唧朋友,
02:28
please take your favorite中意 TEDTalkTEDTalk and put that into six words的話.
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请用六個詞總結你哋最中意唧演講。
02:31
So here are some of the results結果 that I received收到. I think they're quite都幾 nice.
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依啲就喺其中一啲例子,我覺得都幾好。
02:33
For example例子, Dan Pink's粉色嘅 talk on motivation動機,
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譬如話丹·平克唧關於動機唧演講,
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which was pretty good if you haven't seen看到 it:
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“唔要胡蘿蔔,唔要棍,凈喺要意義”
02:37
"Drop下降 carrot胡蘿蔔. Drop下降 stick堅持. Bring meaning意義."
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佢講得幾好,未睇過快啲去睇下。
02:39
It's what he's basically基本上 talking講嘢 about in those 18 and a half一半 minutes分鐘.
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依三小句基本上就喺佢十八分半鐘講唧嘢。
02:42
Or some even included包括 references引用 to the speakers揚聲器,
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仲有人直接引用演講者唧原話
02:44
such as Nathan内森 Myhrvold's梅尔沃德嘅 speaking style風格,
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例如彌敦·梅羅德唧風格演講,
02:46
or the one of Tim蒂姆 Ferriss菲利斯,
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同埋添·法裡斯唧演講
02:48
which might可能 be considered諗緊 a bit strenuous劇烈 at times.
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佢唧演講有時比較激動。
02:51
The challenge挑戰 here is, if I try to systematically系統 do this,
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宜家唧問題喺,如果我想有系統咁總結啲演講,
02:54
I would probably可能 end結束 up with a lot of summaries摘要,
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我應該會有好多概要,
02:56
but not with many好多 friends朋友 in the end結束.
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不過唔會有好多朋友。
02:58
So I had to find a different不同 method方法,
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所以我需要一個新方法,
03:00
preferably最好 involving涉及 total strangers陌生人.
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最好喺只需要陌生人唧。
03:02
And luckily好彩呀 there's a website網站 for that called Mechanical機械 Turk土耳其,
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好好彩,有一個叫做Mechanical Turk唧網站
03:05
which is a website網站 where you can post發布 tasks任務
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你可以喺上邊發佈
03:07
that you don't want to do yourself自己,
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你唔想自己做唧嘢
03:09
such as "Please summarize總結 this text文本 for me in six words的話."
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譬如話“唔該幫我用三個詞組總結依篇文章”
03:12
And I didn't allow允許 any low-cost低成本 countries國家 to work on this,
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我無通過任何低成本國家嚟完成依個任務,
03:15
but I found發現 out I could get a six-word六字 summary總結 for just 10 cents美分,
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不過我發現我凈喺需要用10美分
03:19
which I think is a pretty good price價格.
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我覺得好鬼平。
03:21
Even then, unfortunately不幸,
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但喺就算喺咁
03:23
it's not possible可能 to summarize總結 each每個 TEDTalkTEDTalk individually單獨.
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都無可能逐個濃縮曬所有演講。
03:26
Because if you do the math數學, you have a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁,
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因為如果你計下,一共有一千個演講,
03:28
the pay支付 10 cents美分 each每個;
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一個演講10美分,
03:30
you have to do more than one summary總結 for each每個 of those talks會談,
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一個演講需要至少一個概要,
03:33
because some of them will probably可能 be, or are, really bad.
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因為有可能有啲結果好差;
03:36
So I would end結束 up paying支付 hundreds數以百計 of dollars美元.
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結果就會變成我要用幾百蚊美金。
03:39
So I thought of a different不同 way
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所以我又諗到個新方法。
03:41
by thinking思維, well, the talks會談 revolve旋轉 around certain一定 themes主題.
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我就諗所有演講都喺關於幾個固定唧話題
03:44
So what if I don't let people summarize總結
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如果我唔使人
03:46
individual TEDTalks次傾偈咁 to six words的話,
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逐個總結
03:48
but give them 10 TEDTalks次傾偈咁 at the same相同 time
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爾喺一次俾佢哋10個演講,
03:50
and say, "Please do a six-word六字 summary總結 for that one."
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然後要佢哋用六個詞總結依10個演講
03:53
I would cutcut my costs成本 by 90 percent百分比.
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我就可以將成本減少百分之九十
03:55
So for $60,
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60蚊美金。
03:58
I could summarize總結 a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁
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我就可以將一千個演講濃縮成
04:00
into just 600 summaries摘要,
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600個概要
04:02
which would actually講真 be quite都幾 nice.
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幾好啊!
04:04
Now some of you might可能 actually講真 right now be thinking思維,
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你哋可能會覺得
04:06
It's downright徹頭徹尾 crazy to have 10 TEDTalks次傾偈咁 summarized總結 into just six words的話.
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10個演講變成6個詞,根本無可能。
04:09
But it's actually講真 not,
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事實喺有可能唧,
04:11
because there's an example例子 by statistics統計 professor教授, Hans汉斯 Rosling羅斯林.
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统计学教授漢斯·羅斯凌唧例子可以證明。
04:14
I guess many好多 of you have seen看到 one or more of his talks會談.
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我諗你哋都睇過佢唧演講,
04:16
He's got eight talks會談 online在線,
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一共有8個,
04:18
and those talks會談 can basically基本上 be summed總結 up into just four words的話,
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基本上可以用一句話嚟總結
04:21
because that's all he's basically基本上 showing顯示 us,
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所有演講都喺想話我哋知
04:23
our intuition直覺 is really bad.
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我哋唧直覺一啲都唔準,
04:25
He always proves證明 us wrong.
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佢次次都證明我哋喺錯唧。
04:27
So people on the Internet互聯網, some didn't do so well.
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講返哋網民,佢哋唧工作成果唔喺太好。
04:30
I mean, when I asked問吓 them to summarize總結 the 10 TEDTalks次傾偈咁 at the same相同 time,
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當我嗌佢地將10個演講縮成6個詞唧時候
04:32
some took the easy容易 route路線 out.
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有啲人就偷懶喇!
04:34
They just had some general麻麻 comment評論.
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佢哋都俾啲好行唧結果,
04:37
There were others, and I found發現 this quite都幾 cheeky厚面皮.
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有哋仲好無恥,
04:40
They used their佢哋 six words的話 to talk back to me
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用六個詞駁返我
04:42
and ask問吓 me if I'd been too much on Google谷歌 lately最近.
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問我最近喺咪沉迷于網絡搜索。
04:46
And finally最後 also, I never understood理解 this,
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我諗唔明點解有人會咁做,
04:49
some people really came up with their佢哋 own自己 version版本 of the truth真理.
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有人就講出佢哋唧內心諗法
04:52
I don't know any TEDTalkTEDTalk that contains包含 this.
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我唔知啲演講喺咪真喺有依啲內容。
04:55
But, oh well. In the end結束, however然而,
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不過
04:57
and this is really amazing驚人,
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結果真喺好令人驚奇。
04:59
for each每個 of those 10 TEDTalkTEDTalk clusters集群 that I submitted提交,
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所有上傳唧演講組
05:01
I actually講真 received收到 meaningful意義 summaries摘要.
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都得到好多可用唧概要,
05:03
Here are some of my favorites收藏夾.
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依啲喺我比較中意唧
05:05
For example例子, for all the TEDTalks次傾偈咁 around food食品,
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所有關於食物唧演講
05:07
someone有人 summed總結 this up into: "Food食品 shaping塑造 body身體, brains大腦 and environment環境,"
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有人總結成:“食物塑造身體、大腦同環境”
05:09
which I think is pretty good.
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我覺得唔錯。
05:11
Or happiness幸福: "Striving努力 toward happiness幸福 =
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關於幸福感唧:“努力得到幸福=
05:13
moving移動 toward unhappiness不幸."
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邁向不幸。”
05:15
So here I was.
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到依度,
05:17
I had started初時 out with a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁
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我喺有一千個演講開始,
05:19
and I had 600 six-word六字 summaries摘要 for those.
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濃縮到600個六詞概要。
05:22
Actually講真 it sounded聽上去 nice in the beginning初時,
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聽落幾好,
05:24
but when you look at 600 summaries摘要, it's quite都幾 a lot.
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但喺當你望住依600個概要
05:26
It's a huge巨大 list列表.
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其實都幾多。
05:28
So I thought, I probably可能 have to take this one step further進一步 here
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然後我就諗,或者可以再濃縮,
05:32
and create創建 summaries摘要 of the summaries摘要 -- and this is exactly完全 what I did.
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製造一個概要唧概要--我的確做咗依件事。
05:35
So I took the 600 summaries摘要 that I had,
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我將依600個概要
05:37
put them into nine groups
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根據網上唧點擊率
05:39
according根據 to the ratings評級 that the talks會談 had originally原來 received收到 on TED泰德.comCom
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分成9組
05:43
and asked問吓 people to do summaries摘要 of those.
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然後搵人將佢哋濃縮。
05:46
Again, there were some misunderstandings誤解.
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今次又有誤解喇!
05:48
For example例子, when I had a cluster集群 of all the beautiful talks會談,
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有人以為我想喺依啲咁精彩唧演講入邊
05:50
someone有人 thought I was just trying試圖 to find the ultimate最終 pick-up拾取 line.
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搵一句好易上口唧口號。
05:53
But in the end結束, amazingly令人驚訝,
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不過令我驚訝唧喺,
05:56
again, people were able to do it.
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再一次,網民都有所成就。
05:58
For example例子, all the courageous勇敢 TEDTalks次傾偈咁:
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例如所有有關膽量唧演講
06:00
"People dying," or "People suffering痛苦," was also one,
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總結成“人亡”或者“人受難”,或者
06:02
"with easy容易 solutions解決方案 around."
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”總有簡單唧解決方法“。
06:04
Or the recipe食譜 for the ultimate最終 jaw-dropping下巴下降 TEDTalkTEDTalk:
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仲有啲令人跌下巴唧演講總結成:
06:06
"FlickrFlickr photos of intergalactic星際 classical古典 composer作曲家."
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”星際古典樂作曲家翻相片。“
06:09
I mean that's the essence本質 of it all.
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依嗰就喺精粹所在。
06:12
Now I had my nine groups,
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宜家我有9個組
06:14
but, I mean, it's already quite都幾 a reduction減少.
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非常概要喇!
06:17
But of course課程, once一旦 you are that far, you're not really satisfied滿意.
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但喺當你行得越遠,你就越唔滿足。
06:20
I wanted to go all the way, all the way down the distillery釀酒廠,
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就好似精餾釀酒一樣,你想得到最精餾唧,
06:23
starting初時 out with a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁.
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由最初唧一千個演講開始。
06:25
I wanted to have a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁 summarized總結 into just six words的話 --
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我想將一千個演講濃縮成六個英文單詞
06:28
which would be a 99.9997 percent百分比 reduction減少 in content內容.
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百分之99.9997唧縮減率。
06:32
And I would only pay支付 $99.50 --
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不過我凈喺俾咗99.5美金
06:35
so stay even below下面 a hundred dollars美元 for it.
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總經費少於一百。
06:38
So I had 50 overall整體 summaries摘要 done.
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今次一共有50個概要
06:40
This time I paid支付 25 cents美分
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25美分一篇
06:42
because I thought the task任務 was a bit harder.
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因為今次唧任務難啲。
06:45
And unfortunately不幸 when I first received收到 the answers答案 --
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非常不幸,最初得到唧結果
06:47
and here you'll你咪會 see six of the answers答案 --
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依度喺其中六個
06:49
I was a bit disappointed失望.
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令我有啲失望。
06:51
Because I think you'll你咪會 agree同意, they all summarize總結 some aspect方面 of TED泰德,
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你哋應該會同意佢哋都總結咗TED唧某啲方面
06:54
but to me they felt覺得 a bit bland乏味,
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但喺感覺佢哋有啲平淡
06:56
or they just had a certain一定 aspect方面 of TED泰德 in them.
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有或者佢哋都分別總結咗TED唧一個方面。
06:59
So I was almost爭 D ready準備 to give up
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然後我差唔多要放棄喇!
07:02
when one night I played發揮 around with these sentences句子
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直到有一晚,我開始組合依啲詞
07:04
and found發現 out that there's actually講真 a beautiful solution解決方案 in here.
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結果發現咗一個好好唧方法。
07:08
So here it is,
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依個就喺
07:11
a crowd-sourced人群來源, six-word六字 summary總結 of a thousand TEDTalks次傾偈咁
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通過網民力量,價值99.5美金唧
07:15
at the value價值 of $99.50:
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一千演講六詞概要:
07:18
"Why the worry? I'd rather wonder."
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”為何煩惱?我寧驚歎。“
07:20
Thank you very much.
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多謝。
07:22
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Xun Lin
Reviewed by Yihan Zhou

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects.

Why you should listen

Dr. Sebastian Wernicke is the Chief Data Scientist of ONE LOGIC, a data science boutique that supports organizations across industries to make sense of their vast data collections to improve operations and gain strategic advantages. Wernicke originally studied bioinformatics and previously led the strategy and growth of Seven Bridges Genomics, a Cambridge-based startup that builds platforms for genetic analysis.

Before his career in statistics began, Wernicke worked stints as both a paramedic and successful short animated filmmaker. He's also the author of the TEDPad app, an irreverent tool for creating an infinite number of "amazing and really bad" and mostly completely meaningless talks. He's the author of the statistically authoritative and yet completely ridiculous "How to Give the Perfect TEDTalk."

More profile about the speaker
Sebastian Wernicke | Speaker | TED.com