TEDxZurich 2011
Sebastian Wernicke: 1,000 TED Talks in six words
沙巴斯丹·華力：一千個演講濃縮成六個英文單詞
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沙巴斯丹·華力認為每個TED唧演講都可以用六個英文單詞嚟概要。喺TED蘇黎世唧舞臺上，佢就同大家講解咗如何用六個甚至更少單詞嚟總結依啲演講。
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientist
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects. Full bio
After making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There's currently over a thousand TEDTalks on the TED website.
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喺TED唧網站入邊一共有超過一千個演講。
00:19
And I guess many of you here
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我諗你哋多數都會覺得
00:22
think that this is quite fantastic --
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好勁啊！
00:24
except for me. I don't agree with this.
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但喺我就唔喺咁諗，
00:26
I think we have a situation here.
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我覺得依個喺一個難題。
00:28
Because if you think about it, 1,000 TEDTalks,
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因為你諗下，一千個演講意味著
00:31
that's over 1,000 ideas worth spreading.
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有超過一千個諗法值得我哋傳播。
00:34
How on earth
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邊有可能
00:36
are you going to spread a thousand ideas?
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傳播依一千個諗法？
00:38
Even if you just try to get all of those ideas into your head
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就算你諗住睇曬依一千條片，
00:40
by watching all those thousand TED videos,
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將所有嘢塞入你個腦，
00:42
it would actually currently take you
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你都需要
00:45
over 250 hours to do so.
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超過250個鐘。
00:47
And I did a little calculation of this.
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我就計咗下數，
00:49
The damage to the economy for each one who does this
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每睇一條片造成唧經濟損失大概喺
00:52
is around $15,000.
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一萬五千美金。
00:54
So having seen this danger to the economy,
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既然佢會引起咁唧經濟破壞，
00:57
I thought, we need to find a solution to this problem.
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我就諗我哋需要一個解决措施。
01:00
Here's my approach to it all.
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跟住我會講下我唧做法。
01:02
If you look at the current situation,
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觀望現實情況,
01:04
you have a thousand TEDTalks.
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有一千個演講，
01:06
Each of those TEDTalks has an average length
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每個演講唧平均長度喺
01:08
of about 2,300 words.
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約2300個英文單詞。
01:10
Now take this together
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計下個總數
01:12
and you end up with 2.3 million words of TEDTalks,
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所有演講加起身一共有230萬詞，
01:15
which is about three Bibles-worth of content.
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喺《聖經》唧三倍。
01:18
The obvious question here is,
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問題就喺
01:20
does a TEDTalk really need 2,300 words?
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一個演講真喺需要2300詞咩？
01:23
Isn't there something shorter?
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可唔可以短啲啊？
01:25
I mean, if you have an idea worth spreading,
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如果你想宣揚你唧諗法
01:27
surely you can put it into something shorter
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你絕對可以將佢縮到短過
01:29
than 2,300 words.
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2300詞。
01:31
The only question is, how short can you get?
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唯一唧問題喺可以縮到幾短啊？
01:33
What's the minimum amount of words
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一個演講
01:35
you would need to do a TEDTalk?
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你最少需要幾個詞呢？
01:37
While I was pondering this question,
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我諗緊依個問題唧時候
01:39
I came across this urban legend about Ernest Hemingway,
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傳奇作家海明威出現喺我腦海。
01:42
who allegedly said that these six words here:
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佢曾經講過依六个词
01:45
"For sale: baby shoes, never worn,"
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“出售：嬰兒鞋，全新。”
01:48
were the best novel he had ever written.
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喺佢寫過最好唧小說。
01:51
And I also encountered a project called Six-Word Memoirs
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我仲見過一個計劃：“六詞傳記”
01:53
where people were asked,
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所有人
01:55
take your whole life and please sum this up into six words, such as these here:
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都用六個英文單詞總結佢哋唧生平，譬如：
01:58
"Found true love, married someone else."
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“搵到真愛，卻與他人成家。”
02:00
Or "Living in existential vacuum; it sucks."
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“生活空虛；好弊。”
02:03
I actually like that one.
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我好中意第二個。
02:05
So if a novel can be put into six words
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如果一篇小說可以濃縮成六個詞
02:08
and a whole memoir can be put into six words,
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人唧一生可以用六個詞黎總結
02:11
you don't need more than six words for a TEDTalk.
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咁一個演講都只需要六個詞。
02:14
We could have been done by lunch here.
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中午飯之前就可以聽曬今日所有演講喇！
02:16
I mean ...
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嗱，
02:19
And if you did this for all thousand TEDTalks,
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如果將所有演講進行濃縮，
02:21
you would get from 2.3 million words down to 6,000.
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就可以由230萬詞减到6000
02:24
So I thought this was quite worthwhile.
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我覺得幾好啊。
02:26
So I started asking all my friends,
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然後我就開始嗌我所有唧朋友，
02:28
please take your favorite TEDTalk and put that into six words.
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请用六個詞總結你哋最中意唧演講。
02:31
So here are some of the results that I received. I think they're quite nice.
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依啲就喺其中一啲例子，我覺得都幾好。
02:33
For example, Dan Pink's talk on motivation,
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譬如話丹·平克唧關於動機唧演講，
02:35
which was pretty good if you haven't seen it:
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“唔要胡蘿蔔，唔要棍，凈喺要意義”
02:37
"Drop carrot. Drop stick. Bring meaning."
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佢講得幾好，未睇過快啲去睇下。
02:39
It's what he's basically talking about in those 18 and a half minutes.
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依三小句基本上就喺佢十八分半鐘講唧嘢。
02:42
Or some even included references to the speakers,
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仲有人直接引用演講者唧原話
02:44
such as Nathan Myhrvold's speaking style,
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例如彌敦·梅羅德唧風格演講，
02:46
or the one of Tim Ferriss,
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同埋添·法裡斯唧演講
02:48
which might be considered a bit strenuous at times.
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佢唧演講有時比較激動。
02:51
The challenge here is, if I try to systematically do this,
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宜家唧問題喺，如果我想有系統咁總結啲演講，
02:54
I would probably end up with a lot of summaries,
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我應該會有好多概要，
02:56
but not with many friends in the end.
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不過唔會有好多朋友。
02:58
So I had to find a different method,
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所以我需要一個新方法，
03:00
preferably involving total strangers.
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最好喺只需要陌生人唧。
03:02
And luckily there's a website for that called Mechanical Turk,
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好好彩，有一個叫做Mechanical Turk唧網站
03:05
which is a website where you can post tasks
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你可以喺上邊發佈
03:07
that you don't want to do yourself,
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你唔想自己做唧嘢
03:09
such as "Please summarize this text for me in six words."
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譬如話“唔該幫我用三個詞組總結依篇文章”
03:12
And I didn't allow any low-cost countries to work on this,
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我無通過任何低成本國家嚟完成依個任務，
03:15
but I found out I could get a six-word summary for just 10 cents,
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不過我發現我凈喺需要用10美分
03:19
which I think is a pretty good price.
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我覺得好鬼平。
03:21
Even then, unfortunately,
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但喺就算喺咁
03:23
it's not possible to summarize each TEDTalk individually.
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都無可能逐個濃縮曬所有演講。
03:26
Because if you do the math, you have a thousand TEDTalks,
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因為如果你計下，一共有一千個演講，
03:28
the pay 10 cents each;
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一個演講10美分，
03:30
you have to do more than one summary for each of those talks,
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一個演講需要至少一個概要，
03:33
because some of them will probably be, or are, really bad.
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因為有可能有啲結果好差；
03:36
So I would end up paying hundreds of dollars.
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結果就會變成我要用幾百蚊美金。
03:39
So I thought of a different way
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所以我又諗到個新方法。
03:41
by thinking, well, the talks revolve around certain themes.
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我就諗所有演講都喺關於幾個固定唧話題
03:44
So what if I don't let people summarize
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如果我唔使人
03:46
individual TEDTalks to six words,
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逐個總結
03:48
but give them 10 TEDTalks at the same time
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爾喺一次俾佢哋10個演講，
03:50
and say, "Please do a six-word summary for that one."
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然後要佢哋用六個詞總結依10個演講
03:53
I would cut my costs by 90 percent.
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我就可以將成本減少百分之九十
03:55
So for $60,
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60蚊美金。
03:58
I could summarize a thousand TEDTalks
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我就可以將一千個演講濃縮成
04:00
into just 600 summaries,
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600個概要
04:02
which would actually be quite nice.
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幾好啊！
04:04
Now some of you might actually right now be thinking,
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你哋可能會覺得
04:06
It's downright crazy to have 10 TEDTalks summarized into just six words.
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10個演講變成6個詞，根本無可能。
04:09
But it's actually not,
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事實喺有可能唧，
04:11
because there's an example by statistics professor, Hans Rosling.
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统计学教授漢斯·羅斯凌唧例子可以證明。
04:14
I guess many of you have seen one or more of his talks.
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我諗你哋都睇過佢唧演講，
04:16
He's got eight talks online,
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一共有8個，
04:18
and those talks can basically be summed up into just four words,
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基本上可以用一句話嚟總結
04:21
because that's all he's basically showing us,
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所有演講都喺想話我哋知
04:23
our intuition is really bad.
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我哋唧直覺一啲都唔準，
04:25
He always proves us wrong.
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佢次次都證明我哋喺錯唧。
04:27
So people on the Internet, some didn't do so well.
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講返哋網民，佢哋唧工作成果唔喺太好。
04:30
I mean, when I asked them to summarize the 10 TEDTalks at the same time,
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當我嗌佢地將10個演講縮成6個詞唧時候
04:32
some took the easy route out.
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有啲人就偷懶喇！
04:34
They just had some general comment.
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佢哋都俾啲好行唧結果，
04:37
There were others, and I found this quite cheeky.
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有哋仲好無恥，
04:40
They used their six words to talk back to me
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用六個詞駁返我
04:42
and ask me if I'd been too much on Google lately.
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問我最近喺咪沉迷于網絡搜索。
04:46
And finally also, I never understood this,
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我諗唔明點解有人會咁做，
04:49
some people really came up with their own version of the truth.
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有人就講出佢哋唧內心諗法
04:52
I don't know any TEDTalk that contains this.
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我唔知啲演講喺咪真喺有依啲內容。
04:55
But, oh well. In the end, however,
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不過
04:57
and this is really amazing,
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結果真喺好令人驚奇。
04:59
for each of those 10 TEDTalk clusters that I submitted,
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所有上傳唧演講組
05:01
I actually received meaningful summaries.
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都得到好多可用唧概要，
05:03
Here are some of my favorites.
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依啲喺我比較中意唧
05:05
For example, for all the TEDTalks around food,
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所有關於食物唧演講
05:07
someone summed this up into: "Food shaping body, brains and environment,"
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有人總結成：“食物塑造身體、大腦同環境”
05:09
which I think is pretty good.
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我覺得唔錯。
05:11
Or happiness: "Striving toward happiness =
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關於幸福感唧：“努力得到幸福=
05:13
moving toward unhappiness."
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邁向不幸。”
05:15
So here I was.
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到依度，
05:17
I had started out with a thousand TEDTalks
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我喺有一千個演講開始，
05:19
and I had 600 six-word summaries for those.
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濃縮到600個六詞概要。
05:22
Actually it sounded nice in the beginning,
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聽落幾好，
05:24
but when you look at 600 summaries, it's quite a lot.
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但喺當你望住依600個概要
05:26
It's a huge list.
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其實都幾多。
05:28
So I thought, I probably have to take this one step further here
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然後我就諗，或者可以再濃縮，
05:32
and create summaries of the summaries -- and this is exactly what I did.
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製造一個概要唧概要--我的確做咗依件事。
05:35
So I took the 600 summaries that I had,
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我將依600個概要
05:37
put them into nine groups
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根據網上唧點擊率
05:39
according to the ratings that the talks had originally received on TED.com
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分成9組
05:43
and asked people to do summaries of those.
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然後搵人將佢哋濃縮。
05:46
Again, there were some misunderstandings.
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今次又有誤解喇！
05:48
For example, when I had a cluster of all the beautiful talks,
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有人以為我想喺依啲咁精彩唧演講入邊
05:50
someone thought I was just trying to find the ultimate pick-up line.
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搵一句好易上口唧口號。
05:53
But in the end, amazingly,
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不過令我驚訝唧喺，
05:56
again, people were able to do it.
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再一次，網民都有所成就。
05:58
For example, all the courageous TEDTalks:
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例如所有有關膽量唧演講
06:00
"People dying," or "People suffering," was also one,
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總結成“人亡”或者“人受難”，或者
06:02
"with easy solutions around."
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”總有簡單唧解決方法“。
06:04
Or the recipe for the ultimate jaw-dropping TEDTalk:
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仲有啲令人跌下巴唧演講總結成：
06:06
"Flickr photos of intergalactic classical composer."
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”星際古典樂作曲家翻相片。“
06:09
I mean that's the essence of it all.
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依嗰就喺精粹所在。
06:12
Now I had my nine groups,
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宜家我有9個組
06:14
but, I mean, it's already quite a reduction.
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非常概要喇！
06:17
But of course, once you are that far, you're not really satisfied.
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但喺當你行得越遠，你就越唔滿足。
06:20
I wanted to go all the way, all the way down the distillery,
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就好似精餾釀酒一樣，你想得到最精餾唧，
06:23
starting out with a thousand TEDTalks.
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由最初唧一千個演講開始。
06:25
I wanted to have a thousand TEDTalks summarized into just six words --
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我想將一千個演講濃縮成六個英文單詞
06:28
which would be a 99.9997 percent reduction in content.
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百分之99.9997唧縮減率。
06:32
And I would only pay $99.50 --
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不過我凈喺俾咗99.5美金
06:35
so stay even below a hundred dollars for it.
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總經費少於一百。
06:38
So I had 50 overall summaries done.
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今次一共有50個概要
06:40
This time I paid 25 cents
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25美分一篇
06:42
because I thought the task was a bit harder.
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因為今次唧任務難啲。
06:45
And unfortunately when I first received the answers --
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非常不幸，最初得到唧結果
06:47
and here you'll see six of the answers --
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依度喺其中六個
06:49
I was a bit disappointed.
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令我有啲失望。
06:51
Because I think you'll agree, they all summarize some aspect of TED,
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你哋應該會同意佢哋都總結咗TED唧某啲方面
06:54
but to me they felt a bit bland,
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但喺感覺佢哋有啲平淡
06:56
or they just had a certain aspect of TED in them.
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有或者佢哋都分別總結咗TED唧一個方面。
06:59
So I was almost ready to give up
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然後我差唔多要放棄喇！
07:02
when one night I played around with these sentences
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直到有一晚，我開始組合依啲詞
07:04
and found out that there's actually a beautiful solution in here.
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結果發現咗一個好好唧方法。
07:08
So here it is,
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依個就喺
07:11
a crowd-sourced, six-word summary of a thousand TEDTalks
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通過網民力量，價值99.5美金唧
07:15
at the value of $99.50:
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一千演講六詞概要：
07:18
"Why the worry? I'd rather wonder."
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”為何煩惱？我寧驚歎。“
07:20
Thank you very much.
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多謝。
07:22
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Wernicke - Data scientistAfter making a splash in the field of bioinformatics, Sebastian Wernicke moved on to the corporate sphere, where he motivates and manages multidimensional projects.
Why you should listen
Dr. Sebastian Wernicke is the Chief Data Scientist of ONE LOGIC, a data science boutique that supports organizations across industries to make sense of their vast data collections to improve operations and gain strategic advantages. Wernicke originally studied bioinformatics and previously led the strategy and growth of Seven Bridges Genomics, a Cambridge-based startup that builds platforms for genetic analysis.
Before his career in statistics began, Wernicke worked stints as both a paramedic and successful short animated filmmaker. He's also the author of the TEDPad app, an irreverent tool for creating an infinite number of "amazing and really bad" and mostly completely meaningless talks. He's the author of the statistically authoritative and yet completely ridiculous "How to Give the Perfect TEDTalk."
Sebastian Wernicke | Speaker | TED.com