ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers.

Why you should listen

Bastian Schaefer is the Cabin and Cargo Innovation Manager at Airbus Operations -- and leads a group of far-thinking engineers who are building out a concept plane. Previously at Airbus, he worked on the development of A380 stairs and components for in-flight entertainment. Between 2006 and 2011 Bastian worked at Bertrand Ingenieurbüro GmbH working on projects with C&D Zodiac Development A350XWB Lavatories, AT Kearney and EADS Technology Watch Consulting. He considers himself a mechanical engineer and has a special interest in cars.

More profile about the speaker
Bastian Schaefer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Bastian Schaefer: A 3D-printed jumbo jet?

巴斯頓.雪夫: 3D 列印的巨型客機?

Filmed:
1,146,821 views

設計師巴斯頓.雪夫 (Bastain Schaefer) 展示了未來飛機的揣摩設計,飛機結構的靈感來自於骨骼堅固與柔韌兼具的自然型態,並能因應世界人口不斷增加的需求。想像一架採光充足、空間寬敞的客機,而且飛機的零組件還是 3D 列印生產製造的。
- Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What do we know about the future未來?
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我們對於未來瞭解多少呢?
00:14
Difficult question, simple簡單 answer回答: nothing.
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這問題很難,但答案很簡單︰「一無所知」
00:17
We cannot不能 predict預測 the future未來.
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我們無法預知未來
00:19
We only can create創建 a vision視力 of the future未來, how it might威力 be,
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我們只能給未來一個願景,去想像未來的樣子
00:24
a vision視力 which哪一個 reveals揭示 disruptive破壞性 ideas思路, which哪一個 is inspiring鼓舞人心,
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富有破壞性創新的願景能激發靈感
00:27
and this is the most important重要 reason原因
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這就是打破一連串平凡無奇思維的重要原因
00:30
which哪一個 breaks休息 the chains of common共同 thinking思維.
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這就是打破一連串平凡無奇思維的重要原因
00:33
There are a lot of people
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有許多人
00:34
who created創建 their own擁有 vision視力 about the future未來,
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創造出他們自己心中未來的樣貌
00:36
for instance, this vision視力 here from the early 20th century世紀.
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例如,這是廿世紀初期的願景
00:39
It says here that this is the ocean海洋 plane平面 of the future未來.
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在未來有種越洋的飛機
00:44
It takes only one and a half days to cross交叉 the Atlantic大西洋 Ocean海洋.
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只需要一天半就能橫越大西洋
00:47
Today今天, we know that this future未來 vision視力 didn't come true真正.
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今天我們知道這種想像並沒有成真
00:51
So this is our largest最大 airplane飛機 which哪一個 we have,
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而這是現今最大的飛機
00:54
the Airbus空中客車公司 A380, and it's quite相當 huge巨大,
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空中巴士 A380,非常龐大
00:56
so a lot of people fit適合 in there
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能夠乘載許多人
00:58
and it's technically技術上 completely全然 different不同
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而在技術上完全不同於
01:00
than the vision視力 I've shown顯示 to you.
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剛剛給你們看過的想像圖
01:03
I'm working加工 in a team球隊 with Airbus空中客車公司,
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我在空中巴士裡的一個團隊
01:05
and we have created創建 our vision視力
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創造一個我們的願景
01:06
about a more sustainable可持續發展 future未來 of aviation航空.
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能永續經營的航空事業
永續對我們很重要
01:09
So sustainability可持續性 is quite相當 important重要 for us,
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這不僅應與社會價值聯結
01:12
which哪一個 should incorporate合併 social社會
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01:13
but as well as environmental環境的 and economic經濟 values.
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亦應與環保和經濟價值聯結
01:16
So we have created創建 a very disruptive破壞性 structure結構體
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所以我們創造了一種顛覆性的結構
01:19
which哪一個 mimics模仿 the design設計 of bone, or a skeleton骨架,
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這仿效了大自然中
骨頭或骨骼的設計
01:23
which哪一個 occurs發生 in nature性質.
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01:25
So that's why it looks容貌 maybe a little bit weird奇怪的,
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因此這個可能看起來有點奇怪
01:27
especially特別 to the people who deal合同 with structures結構 in general一般.
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尤其對於那些了解結構的人
01:31
But at least最小 it's just a kind of artwork藝術品
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但至少這像是一件藝術品
01:33
to explore探索 our ideas思路 about a different不同 future未來.
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是對於不同未來的一種探索
01:38
What are the main主要 customers顧客 of the future未來?
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未來的乘客會是什麼樣子的?
01:41
So, we have the old, we have the young年輕,
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有年邁的、有年輕的、
01:42
we have the uprising起義 power功率 of women婦女,
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我們有日益升高的女性勢力
01:45
and there's one mega-trend大趨勢 which哪一個 affects影響 all of us.
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還有一個影響所有人的重大趨勢
01:49
These are the future未來 anthropometrics人體測量學.
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這是未來的人體體態
01:52
So our children孩子 are getting得到 larger, but at the same相同 time
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小孩的身形愈來愈大,但同時
01:55
we are growing生長 into different不同 directions方向.
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我們也向不同的方向成長
01:58
So what we need is space空間 inside the aircraft飛機,
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所以我們需要在非常擁擠的機艙裡
有更大的空間
02:03
inside a very dense稠密 area.
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02:05
These people have different不同 needs需求.
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這些人們有不同的需求
02:07
So we see a clear明確 need of active活性 health健康 promotion提升,
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所以我們看到積極推廣健康的明確需求
02:11
especially特別 in the case案件 of the old people.
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尤其是老年人
我們希望有量身訂做的特別禮遇
02:13
We want to be treated治療 as individuals個人.
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02:15
We like to be productive生產的 throughout始終 the entire整個 travel旅行 chain,
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我們希望整個旅程是富有成效的
02:21
and what we are doing in the future未來 is
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而我們正在做的就是
02:23
we want to use the latest最新 man-machine人機 interface接口,
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在未來應用最新的人機介面
02:26
and we want to integrate整合 this and show顯示 this in one product產品.
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而且把這些全部整合在單一產品中
02:31
So we combined結合 these needs需求 with technology's技術的 themes主題.
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所以我們以科技的題材結合所有的需求
02:34
So for instance, we are asking ourselves我們自己,
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例如,我們自問要如何產生更多的光?
02:37
how can we create創建 more light?
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例如,我們自問要如何產生更多的光?
02:39
How can we bring帶來 more natural自然 light into the airplane飛機?
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如何在機艙內有更多的自然光?
02:41
So this airplane飛機 has no windows視窗 anymore, for example.
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以這飛機為例,它不再有窗戶的設計
02:45
What about the data數據 and communication通訊 software軟件
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在未來我們需要哪些資訊和通訊軟體呢?
02:47
which哪一個 we need in the future未來?
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在未來我們需要哪些資訊和通訊軟體呢?
02:49
My belief信仰 is that the airplane飛機 of the future未來
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我相信未來的飛機
02:52
will get its own擁有 consciousness意識.
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會有自己的意識
02:54
It will be more like a living活的 organism生物
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它會更像是一個生命有機體
02:57
than just a collection採集 of very complex複雜 technology技術.
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而不是只是複雜工程的集合體
03:01
This will be very different不同 in the future未來.
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這在將來是非常大的改變
03:03
It will communicate通信 directly
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它會直接與機上的乘客交流
03:05
with the passenger乘客 in its environment環境.
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它會直接與機上的乘客交流
03:08
And then we are talking also about materials物料,
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再談到材枓
03:10
synthetic合成的 biology生物學, for example.
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像是合成生物學
03:12
And my belief信仰 is that we will get more and more
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我相信接下來我們會有愈來愈多
03:15
new materials物料 which哪一個 we can put into structure結構體 later後來 on,
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應用在結構上的新材料
03:19
because structure結構體 is one of the key issues問題 in aircraft飛機 design設計.
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因為結構是飛機最關鍵的設計之一
03:23
So let's compare比較 the old world世界 with the new world世界.
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讓我們比較一下新舊兩種世界
03:27
I just want to show顯示 you here what we are doing today今天.
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讓你們看看我們的作法
03:29
So this is a bracket托架 of an A380 crew船員 rest休息 compartment隔室.
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這是 A380 機組員休息艙的框架
03:33
It takes a lot of weight重量,
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以傳統銑床方式設計,重量很重
03:35
and it follows如下 the classical古典 design設計 rules規則.
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以傳統銑床方式設計,重量很重
03:38
This here is an equal等於 bracket托架 for the same相同 purpose目的.
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而這裡是同樣功能的框架
03:41
It follows如下 the design設計 of bone.
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但利用骨骼的設計方式
03:43
The design設計 process處理 is completely全然 different不同.
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設計過程是完全的不同
03:46
At the one hand, we have 1.2 kilos公斤,
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一個是 1.2 公斤
03:49
and at the other hand 0.6 kilos公斤.
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而另一個僅有 0.6 公斤
03:51
So this technology技術, 3D printing印花, and new design設計 rules規則
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這 3D 列印技術和新的設計方式
03:54
really help us to reduce減少 the weight重量,
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確實幫助我們減輕了重量
03:56
which哪一個 is the biggest最大 issue問題 in aircraft飛機 design設計,
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重量是設計飛機時最重要的議題
03:58
because it's directly linked關聯 to greenhouse溫室 gas加油站 emissions排放.
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因為這和溫室氣體排放量有直接關係
04:01
Push this idea理念 a little bit forward前鋒.
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將這個想法加以延伸
04:03
So how does nature性質 build建立 its components組件 and structures結構?
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大自然如何建造它的元件和結構呢?
大自然很聰明,把所有的資訊
04:08
So nature性質 is very clever聰明. It puts看跌期權 all the information信息
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04:11
into these small building建造 blocks, which哪一個 we call DNA脫氧核糖核酸.
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全部放進一個小小的結構單元中,我們稱之為 DNA
04:14
And nature性質 builds建立 large skeletons骷髏 out of it.
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而大自然利用 DNA 建造大型的骨架
04:16
So we see a bottom-up自下而上 approach途徑 here,
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所以我們在這裡看到「由單元到總體」的模式
04:19
because all the information信息, as I said, are inside the DNA脫氧核糖核酸.
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正如我說的,因為所有的訊息都在 DNA 當中
04:22
And this is combined結合 with a top-down自頂向下 approach途徑,
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而這也結合了「由總體到單元」的模式
04:24
because what we are doing in our daily日常 life
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因為我們在每天的生活中
04:26
is we train培養 our muscles肌肉, we train培養 our skeleton骨架,
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我們鍛鍊肌肉和骨骼
04:29
and it's getting得到 stronger.
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使其愈發強壯
04:31
And the same相同 approach途徑 can be applied應用的 to technology技術 as well.
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同樣的模式可以應用在工程中
04:34
So our building建造 block is carbon nanotubes納米管, for example,
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例如,我們以碳奈米管為結構元件
04:38
to create創建 a large, rivet-less鉚釘少 skeleton骨架 at the end結束 of the day.
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用來完成建造一個無鉚釘的巨大骨架
04:42
How this looks容貌 in particular特定, you can show顯示 it here.
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以下你可以看見這是如何辦到的
04:45
So imagine想像 you have carbon nanotubes納米管 growing生長
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想像碳奈米管
04:47
inside a 3D printer打印機,
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在 3D 印表機裡生成
04:49
and they are embedded嵌入式 inside a matrix矩陣 of plastic塑料,
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嵌在一個塑膠的模型內
04:52
and follow跟隨 the forces軍隊 which哪一個 occur發生 in your component零件.
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順著組件中的施力延伸
04:55
And you've got trillions萬億 of them.
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數以兆計的碳奈米管
04:57
So you really align對齊 them to wood,
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如森林般地聚結在一起
04:59
and you take this wood and make morphological形態 optimization優化,
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利用這群「森林」作形態上的最佳化
05:02
so you make structures結構, sub-structures亞結構,
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可以用來當作傳輸
05:04
which哪一個 allows允許 you to transmit發送 electrical電動 energy能源 or data數據.
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電能或資訊的結構或次結構
05:08
And now we take this material材料, combine結合 this
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我們拿這個材料
結合「由總體到單元」的模式
05:10
with a top-down自頂向下 approach途徑,
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05:11
and build建立 bigger and bigger components組件.
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造出更巨大的元件
05:15
So how might威力 the airplane飛機 of the future未來 look?
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所以,未來的飛機會是什麼樣子?
05:18
So we have very different不同 seats which哪一個 adapt適應
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我們有非常特別的座椅
05:20
to the shape形狀 of the future未來 passenger乘客,
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可以配合不同身形的乘客
05:22
with the different不同 anthropometrics人體測量學.
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可以配合不同身形的乘客
05:24
We have social社會 areas inside the aircraft飛機
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我們在飛機上可以有社交的空間
05:26
which哪一個 might威力 turn into a place地點
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像是騰出一個區域
05:29
where you can play virtual虛擬 golf高爾夫球.
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打虛擬高爾夫球
05:31
And finally最後, this bionic仿生 structure結構體,
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最後,這個
覆蓋著一種透明生物高分子膜的仿生物結構
05:34
which哪一個 is covered覆蓋 by a transparent透明
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05:36
biopolymer生物聚合物 membrane, will really change更改 radically根本
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將會徹底地
改變我們看待未來飛機的方式
05:40
how we look at aircrafts飛行器 in the future未來.
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05:42
So as Jason賈森 Silva席爾瓦 said,
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如 Jason Silva 所言
05:44
if we can imagine想像 it, why not make it so?
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「既然我們可以想像,那何不讓它成真?」
05:47
See you in the future未來. Thank you.
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期待在未來與你相見,謝謝。
05:48
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Wen-Hsin (Willy) Feng
Reviewed by Jessie Lee

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bastian Schaefer - Aircraft engineer
Bastian Schaefer and a team of designers at Airbus have been imagining the high-concept future of the jet airlplane -- in a future with less fuel and more passengers.

Why you should listen

Bastian Schaefer is the Cabin and Cargo Innovation Manager at Airbus Operations -- and leads a group of far-thinking engineers who are building out a concept plane. Previously at Airbus, he worked on the development of A380 stairs and components for in-flight entertainment. Between 2006 and 2011 Bastian worked at Bertrand Ingenieurbüro GmbH working on projects with C&D Zodiac Development A350XWB Lavatories, AT Kearney and EADS Technology Watch Consulting. He considers himself a mechanical engineer and has a special interest in cars.

More profile about the speaker
Bastian Schaefer | Speaker | TED.com

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