TED2015
Matt Kenyon: A secret memorial for civilian casualties
馬特．肯楊: 我是如何將伊拉克平民受難紀念碑偷偷運進美國政府的
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據估計，有15萬到一百萬伊拉克平民死於2003年由美國領頭的伊拉克入侵行動。藝術家馬特．肯楊想為他們立一座紀念碑。不過，與其去建造一個巨大的石頭柱子，他的紀念碑尺寸很小，易於複製。他花了五年時間將這些「紀念碑」偷偷運進權力中心——包括直接將它塞進時任美國檢查總長的手中，這個過程被拍攝記錄下來。
Matt Kenyon - New media artist
From a plant that lives or dies based on stock prices to an oilcan that flows backward, Matt Kenyon creates art that startles, amuses and challenges assumptions. Full bio
From a plant that lives or dies based on stock prices to an oilcan that flows backward, Matt Kenyon creates art that startles, amuses and challenges assumptions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
There's this quote by activist and punk
rock musician Jello Biafra that I love.
rock musician Jello Biafra that I love.
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我喜歡引用激進主義分子及
朋克音樂家杰羅．比夫拉說的一句話。
朋克音樂家杰羅．比夫拉說的一句話。
00:18
He says, "Don't hate the media.
Be the media."
Be the media."
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他說：「不要憎恨媒體，要成為媒體。」
00:23
I'm an artist.
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我是一個藝術家。
00:24
I like working with media and technology
because A, I'm familiar with them
because A, I'm familiar with them
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我喜歡與媒體與科技工作。
因為A：我熟悉它們，
因為A：我熟悉它們，
00:29
and I like the power they hold.
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喜歡它們的力量。
00:31
And B, I hate them and I'm terrified
of the power they hold.
of the power they hold.
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Ｂ：我憎恨它們，並恐懼於它們的力量。
00:35
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:37
I remember watching, in 2003, an interview
between Fox News host Tony Snow
between Fox News host Tony Snow
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我記得在2003年看到的一個採訪，
是在福克斯新聞主持人托尼．史諾
是在福克斯新聞主持人托尼．史諾
00:42
and then-US Defense Secretary,
Donald Rumsfeld.
Donald Rumsfeld.
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與美國國防部部長
［唐納德．拉姆斯菲爾德］之間進行。
［唐納德．拉姆斯菲爾德］之間進行。
00:47
They were talking
about the recent invasion of Iraq,
about the recent invasion of Iraq,
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它們談論當時對伊拉克的入侵，
00:50
and Rumsfeld is asked the question,
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拉姆斯菲爾德被問及這個問題，
00:53
"Well, we're hear about our body counts,
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「我們聽說了我方的傷亡統計，
00:55
but we never hear about theirs, why?"
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卻從來沒能得知他們的傷亡情況。這是爲什麽？」
00:59
And Rumsfeld's answer is,
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拉姆斯菲爾德回答道，
01:03
"Well, we don't do body counts
on other people."
on other people."
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「是的，我們不做對方的傷亡統計。」
01:07
Right?
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是麼？
01:09
It's estimated that between 150,000
to one million Iraqis, civilians,
to one million Iraqis, civilians,
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據估計15萬到100萬伊拉克平民
01:14
have died as a result
of the US-led invasion in 2003.
of the US-led invasion in 2003.
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死於2003年美國主導的入侵。
01:19
That number is in stark contrast with
the 4,486 US service members who died
the 4,486 US service members who died
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這個數字與同一時期死亡的4486個武裝人員
01:25
during that same window of time.
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形成鮮明對比。
01:28
I wanted to do more than just bring
awareness to this terrifying number.
awareness to this terrifying number.
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我想做的，不僅是帶來對這個可怕數字的認識，
01:32
I wanted to create a monument
for the individual civilians
for the individual civilians
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還想為平民們創造紀念碑，
01:35
who died as a result of the invasion.
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為死於入侵的平民們。
01:39
Monuments to war,
such as Maya Lin's Vietnam Memorial,
such as Maya Lin's Vietnam Memorial,
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對戰爭的紀念碑，
比如林瓔女士的越戰退伍軍人紀念碑，
比如林瓔女士的越戰退伍軍人紀念碑，
01:42
are often enormous in scale.
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總是非常巨大，
01:44
Very powerful and very one-sided.
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非常有力量的，又是非常單方面的。
01:48
I wanted my monument to live
in the world, and to circulate.
in the world, and to circulate.
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我想讓我的紀念物能生存於世界上並能夠傳播。
01:54
I remember when I was a boy in school,
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我記得當我在學校時，
01:57
my teacher assigned us
this classic civics assignment
this classic civics assignment
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老師分配給我們一個經典的公民教育作業，
02:01
where you take a sheet of paper
and you write a member of your government.
and you write a member of your government.
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拿一張紙，寫一封信給政府的一個成員，
02:06
And we were told,
if we wrote a really good letter,
if we wrote a really good letter,
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並且，我們被告知，
如果能寫一封真正的好信，
如果能寫一封真正的好信，
02:08
if we really thought about it,
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如果真正認真考慮了怎麼寫，
02:10
we would get back more than just
a simple formed letter as a reply.
a simple formed letter as a reply.
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除了正式回信，還會得到別的東西。
02:16
This is my "Notepad."
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這是我的“筆記簿”。
02:19
What looks like an everyday,
yellow legal tablet of paper
yellow legal tablet of paper
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它看起來是日常用的黃色法律筆記簿的紙張，
02:22
is actually a monument
to the individual Iraqi civilians
to the individual Iraqi civilians
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實際上是對伊拉克平民的紀念物，
02:25
that died as a result of the US invasion.
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他們死於美國的入侵，
02:30
"Notepad" is an act of protest
and an act of commemoration
and an act of commemoration
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“筆記簿”是一個保護及紀念的行動，
02:34
disguised as an everyday tablet of paper.
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它被偽裝成為日常的筆記簿用紙，
02:38
The lines of the paper, when magnified,
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紙張的線條，當被放大時，
02:42
are revealed to be micro-printed text
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則變成是微小打印的文字，
02:44
that contains the details, the names,
the dates and locations
the dates and locations
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有死去的伊拉克平民的詳細信息，
02:49
of individual Iraqi civilians that died.
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包括名字，日期和地點。
02:54
So, for the last 5 years, I've been taking
pads of this paper, tons of this stuff,
pads of this paper, tons of this stuff,
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所以，５年來，我持續填補這種紙張，
使用大量原料，
使用大量原料，
02:58
and smuggling it
into the stationery supplies
into the stationery supplies
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並偷偷將其混入
美國的與聯邦政府的
美國的與聯邦政府的
03:01
of the United States
and the Coalition governments.
and the Coalition governments.
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信紙供應處。
03:04
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:05
(Applause)
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（鼓掌喝彩）
03:14
I don't have to tell you guys this is not
the place to discuss how I did that.
the place to discuss how I did that.
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在這裡我不能告訴大家我是怎麼做的。
03:18
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
03:20
But also, I've been meeting one-on-one
with members and former members
with members and former members
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我也單獨與【意志聯盟】的成員及前成員見面，
03:26
of the so-called Coalition of the Willing,
who assisted in the invasion.
who assisted in the invasion.
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他們支持入侵行動。
03:31
And so, whenever I can,
I meet with one of them,
I meet with one of them,
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所以，不管何時只要可能，
我都能碰到他們中的一個，
我都能碰到他們中的一個，
03:33
and I share the project with them.
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並且與它們分享這個案子。
03:35
And last summer, I had the chance to meet
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去年夏天，我有機會碰到了
03:37
with former United States Attorney General
and Torture Memo author, Alberto Gonzales.
and Torture Memo author, Alberto Gonzales.
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前美國司法部長以及《刑訊備忘錄》的作者
阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯。
阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯。
03:44
(Video) Matt Kenyon:
May I give this to you?
May I give this to you?
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（視頻）
馬特．肯揚：我能給你這個嗎？
馬特．肯揚：我能給你這個嗎？
03:46
This is a special legal tablet.
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這是一本特殊的法律筆記簿，
03:48
It's actually part
of an ongoing art project.
of an ongoing art project.
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實際上是正在進行的一個藝術專案的一部分。
03:51
Alberto Gonzalez:
This is a special legal pad?
This is a special legal pad?
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阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：特殊的法律筆記簿？
03:54
MK: Yes. You won't believe me,
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馬特．肯揚：是的，也許你不相信我，
03:55
but it's in the collection of the Museum
of Modern Art; I'm an artist.
of Modern Art; I'm an artist.
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它是現代藝術博物館的一個收藏品，我是藝術家。
阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：好的。
阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：好的。
03:59
MK: And all of the lines
of the paper are actually --
of the paper are actually --
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馬特．肯揚：紙上的所有線條實際上——
04:02
AG: Are they going to disappear?
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阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：它們會消失嗎？
04:03
MK: No, they're micro-printed text
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馬特．肯揚：不會，它們是微打印的文字，
04:06
that contains the names
of individual Iraqi civilians
of individual Iraqi civilians
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包括每個死於對伊拉克的入侵的
04:10
who have died since the invasion of Iraq.
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伊拉克平民的名字。
04:13
AG: Yeah. OK.
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阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：這樣，好的。
04:16
AG: Thank you. MK: Thank you.
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阿爾伯托．岡薩雷斯：謝謝。
馬特．肯揚：謝謝。
馬特．肯揚：謝謝。
04:18
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:20
The way he says "thank you"
really creeps me out.
really creeps me out.
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他說謝謝的方式使我毛骨悚然。
04:23
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:25
OK, so I'd like each of you
to look under your chairs.
to look under your chairs.
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好像，大家都看看大家的椅子下面，
04:28
There's an envelope.
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有一個信封，
04:32
And please open it.
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請打開。
04:38
The paper you're holding in your hand
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你們拿在手裡的紙張，
04:41
contains the details of Iraqi civilians
that died as result of the invasion.
that died as result of the invasion.
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記錄了死於伊拉克入侵的伊拉克平民的詳細資訊。
04:50
I'd like you to use this paper
and write a member of government.
and write a member of government.
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希望大家用這張紙，寫信給政府的某個人。
04:54
You can help to smuggle
this civilian body count
this civilian body count
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大家能夠幫忙使得這個受害平民的統計資訊
04:58
into government archives.
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能夠偷偷潛入政府的檔案。
05:01
Because every letter
that's sent in to the government,
that's sent in to the government,
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因為每封寄給政府的信，
05:05
and this is all across
the world, of course --
the world, of course --
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涵蓋全世界的來信，
05:07
every letter that is sent in
is archived, filed and recorded.
is archived, filed and recorded.
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都會被存檔，歸檔並標記。
05:13
Together, we can put this in the mailboxes
and under the noses of people in power.
and under the noses of people in power.
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我們能共同把這些紙投入郵箱，
擺在權力人士的面前。
擺在權力人士的面前。
05:19
Everything that's sent in
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每一封來信
05:21
eventually becomes part of the permanent
archive of our government,
archive of our government,
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最終會成為政府的永久性檔案的一部分，
05:27
our shared historical record.
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是我們共享的歷史記錄。
05:30
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:31
(Applause)
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（掌聲喝彩）
05:42
Tom Rielly: So, tell me Matt,
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湯姆．里利：馬特，告訴我們，
05:43
how did this idea
come into your head, of "Notepad"?
come into your head, of "Notepad"?
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你是如何產生”記錄簿“這個想法的？
05:49
Matt Kenyon: I'd just finished a project
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馬特．肯揚：那時我剛剛完成了一個案子
05:51
that dealt with
the US Coalition side of the war
the US Coalition side of the war
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是戰爭中美國聯盟方面的業務，
05:55
and it was a black armband that was called
the "Improvised Empathetic Device"
the "Improvised Empathetic Device"
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它是一個黑色的臂章，被稱為”即時移情設備“，
06:00
which accumulated, in real time,
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能實時地累計
06:03
the names, ranks,
cause of death and location
cause of death and location
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名字，等級，死因以及位置信息，
06:07
of US service members
who had died overseas,
who had died overseas,
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死於海外的美國服役人員的，
06:09
and each time the Department of Defense
or CENTCOM released their data,
or CENTCOM released their data,
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並且，每次國防部或者CENT.COM發佈他們的數據，
06:13
it would stab me in the arm.
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刺痛了我們的手臂。
06:15
And so, I became aware
that there was a spectacle
that there was a spectacle
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所以，我意識到了一件驚人的事情，
06:18
associated with our own people
who were dying overseas,
who were dying overseas,
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與我們自己人死於海外相連結的，
06:21
but a disproportionate
amount of casualties
amount of casualties
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卻是一個不成比例的
06:24
were the civilian casualties.
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平民傷亡數量。
06:26
TR: Thank you so much.
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湯姆．里利：非常感謝。
06:27
MK: Thank you.
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馬特．肯揚：謝謝。
06:28
(Applause)
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(掌聲歡呼）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Matt Kenyon - New media artistFrom a plant that lives or dies based on stock prices to an oilcan that flows backward, Matt Kenyon creates art that startles, amuses and challenges assumptions.
Why you should listen
Matt Kenyon works at the intersection of art and technology, creating pieces that question society’s large, complex systems — from our reliance on global corporations and oil, to the military-industrial complex. His works include: “SPORE 1.1,” a self-sustaining ecosystem for a rubber tree, purchased from The Home Depot and watered in conjunction with Home Depot stock prices; “Supermajor,” a collection of vintage oilcans with droplets of oil that defy gravity and flow back into a punctured hole; and ”Notepad,” a commemoration of the Iraqi civilians who died as a result of the US-led invasion, printed in the lines of what appear to be your average, everyday legal pads.
Kenyon creates these projects through SWAMP, or Studies of Work Atmosphere and Mass Production. He teaches art at the University of Michigan's Stamps School of Art & Design.
Matt Kenyon | Speaker | TED.com