TED2015
Christopher Soghoian: How to avoid surveillance ... with the phone in your pocket
克里斯多福．索荷宜安: 如何避開監控? 用你口袋裡的那隻手機！
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
2,236,919 views
「誰正聽著你的電話往來呢？在地下通信電纜上頭可以是任何人！」，主張個人隱私的活躍人士「克里斯多福．索荷宜安」這麼說著。因為監控的暗門被建置在電話系統是預設的，准許政府居中聽取；不過話又說回來外事情報人員或者從事犯罪行為者也可以如此做。克里斯多福說道這就是為什麼某些科技公司不斷拒絕政府的請求 － 要在行動電話和嶄新的信息系統裡打造相同的暗門。搞清楚部份科技公司是如何一直致力於維護你的收發話、訊息於外人禁入的。
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
For more than 100 years,
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遠在一百多年前
00:15
the telephone companies have provided
wiretapping assistance to governments.
wiretapping assistance to governments.
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電信公司已經提供政府對監聽的協助，
00:19
For much of this time,
this assistance was manual.
this assistance was manual.
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在當時大體上這種協助是靠人工的 －
00:22
Surveillance took place manually
and wires were connected by hand.
and wires were connected by hand.
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監控的發生靠人力，
而且線路是由人工架接的，
而且線路是由人工架接的，
往來電話被錄到錄音帶裡去；
00:26
Calls were recorded to tape.
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不過就像許多他產業一樣，
00:29
But as in so many other industries,
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00:31
computing has changed everything.
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電腦運算已經改變了每一件事情。
00:33
The telephone companies
built surveillance features
built surveillance features
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電信公司把監控功能建置在
它們網路的最核心處，
它們網路的最核心處，
00:36
into the very core of their networks.
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我要大家好好思索一下這個：
00:39
I want that to sink in for a second:
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00:41
Our telephones and the networks
that carry our calls
that carry our calls
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我們的電話和承載我們收發話線路網
被架線是以監控當優先考量 －
00:45
were wired for surveillance first.
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「最優先而且最重要的」。
00:48
First and foremost.
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這個意思就是當你與你的另一半、
00:50
So what that means is that
when you're talking to your spouse,
when you're talking to your spouse,
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小孩、同事、醫生正在講電話時，
00:54
your children, a colleague
or your doctor on the telephone,
or your doctor on the telephone,
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某人可以正在聽著。
00:58
someone could be listening.
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那個某人可能是你們自己的政府，
01:00
Now, that someone might
be your own government;
be your own government;
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也可以是其他國的政府、
某個外事情報人員、
某個外事情報人員、
01:03
it could also be another government,
a foreign intelligence service,
a foreign intelligence service,
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01:07
or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker
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駭客、從事犯罪行為者、追蹤者，
01:10
or any other party that breaks into
the surveillance system,
the surveillance system,
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或是破解進入監控系統的任何
其他利益團體，
其他利益團體，
「駭」進了電信公司的監控系統。
01:14
that hacks into the surveillance system
of the telephone companies.
of the telephone companies.
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01:19
But while the telephone companies
have built surveillance as a priority,
have built surveillance as a priority,
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不過在電信公司當作優先要務
完成監控系統之建置的時候，
完成監控系統之建置的時候，
矽谷科技公司們就沒這麼做了，
01:24
Silicon Valley companies have not.
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01:26
And increasingly,
over the last couple years,
over the last couple years,
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而且在過去幾年下來，
01:29
Silicon Valley companies have built
strong encryption technology
strong encryption technology
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越來越普遍地矽谷科技公司
把強大的加密技術
把強大的加密技術
打造進它們的通訊產品，
01:32
into their communications products
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這使得監控變得極度地困難。
01:34
that makes surveillance
extremely difficult.
extremely difficult.
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01:37
For example, many of you
might have an iPhone,
might have an iPhone,
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比方說你們之中的許多人
也許都有 iPhone，
也許都有 iPhone，
要是你使用 iPhone 來傳送簡訊
01:39
and if you use an iPhone
to send a text message
to send a text message
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01:42
to other people who have an iPhone,
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傳給其他也有 iPhone 的人，
那些簡訊是無法輕易就被人側錄走的；
01:44
those text messages
cannot easily be wiretapped.
cannot easily be wiretapped.
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01:47
And in fact, according to Apple,
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而事實上據 「蘋果」 所言，
01:49
they're not able to even see
the text messages themselves.
the text messages themselves.
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他們自己也沒辦法看到簡訊內容。
同樣地如果你使用 FaceTime
與你的朋友或是深愛之人
與你的朋友或是深愛之人
01:52
Likewise, if you use FaceTime
to make an audio call
to make an audio call
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01:56
or a video call with one of your
friends or loved ones,
friends or loved ones,
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做視訊通話或者錄影通話的話，
01:59
that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.
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那也一樣無法輕易就被人監聽到的。
02:01
And it's not just Apple.
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而且不只是「蘋果」而已，
02:03
WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook
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現在被「臉書」所持有、全世界上億人口
02:05
and used by hundreds of millions
of people around the world,
of people around the world,
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所使用的「Whatsapp」，
02:08
also has built strong
encryption technology into its product,
encryption technology into its product,
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也已經把強大的加密系統
建置在它的產品裡面；
建置在它的產品裡面；
02:12
which means that people
in the Global South can easily communicate
in the Global South can easily communicate
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這代表在「聖公會南半球聯盟」
裡面的人能夠輕鬆地連絡
裡面的人能夠輕鬆地連絡
02:15
without their governments,
often authoritarian,
often authoritarian,
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而沒有政府 － 通常是專制政府 －
來側錄他們的簡訊。
來側錄他們的簡訊。
02:18
wiretapping their text messages.
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02:21
So, after 100 years of being able
to listen to any telephone call --
to listen to any telephone call --
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所以在有辦法隨時隨地聽取
02:26
anytime, anywhere --
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任何電話收發話的 100 年後，
02:29
you might imagine that government
officials are not very happy.
officials are not very happy.
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你也許想像得出來政府官員
是非常不高興的，
是非常不高興的，
02:32
And in fact, that's what's happening.
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而且事實上那是持續在發生的事情，
02:34
Government officials are extremely mad.
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政府官員們超極火大，
02:36
And they're not mad because
these encryption tools are now available.
these encryption tools are now available.
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他們並不是因為這些加密工具
是現在可到手的而火大，
是現在可到手的而火大，
02:40
What upsets them the most
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讓他們最生氣的
02:42
is that the tech companies have built
encryption features into their products
encryption features into their products
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是科技公司已經把加密功能
建置進了它們的產品裡面，
建置進了它們的產品裡面，
02:46
and turned them on by default.
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而且透過預設把它們啟動著，
02:48
It's the default piece that matters.
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預設這檔事才是重點。
02:50
In short, the tech companies
have democratized encryption.
have democratized encryption.
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簡單來說科技公司已經讓
加密技術民主化了，
加密技術民主化了，
02:55
And so, government officials
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
like British Prime Minister David Cameron,
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也因此就像英國首相
大衛．卡麥隆的政府官員們，
大衛．卡麥隆的政府官員們，
02:58
they believe that all communications --
emails, texts, voice calls --
emails, texts, voice calls --
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他們相信所有的通訊 －
電子郵件、簡訊、語音留言，
電子郵件、簡訊、語音留言，
03:03
all of these should be
available to governments,
available to governments,
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所有這一切對政府而言
應該是可到手的，
應該是可到手的，
03:06
and encryption is making that difficult.
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而加密技術正使得這件事情變棘手的。
03:09
Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic
to their point of view.
to their point of view.
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聽好！我極度支持他們的觀點 －
03:12
We live in a dangerous time
in a dangerous world,
in a dangerous world,
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「我們活在一個危險的時點、
在一個危險的世界，
在一個危險的世界，
03:15
and there really are bad people out there.
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真的有壞人就在外面，
03:17
There are terrorists and other
serious national security threats
serious national security threats
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有著恐怖分子和其他嚴重的
國家安全威脅」，
國家安全威脅」，
03:20
that I suspect we all want
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
the FBI and the NSA to monitor.
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我猜我們全都想要聯邦調查局
和國土安全部來監查吧。
和國土安全部來監查吧。
03:25
But those surveillance
features come at a cost.
features come at a cost.
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但是這些監控功能帶有著一個成本，
03:29
The reason for that is
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理由就是並沒有叫做
「恐怖分子的筆電」
「恐怖分子的筆電」
03:30
that there is no such thing
as a terrorist laptop,
as a terrorist laptop,
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03:33
or a drug dealer's cell phone.
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或是「毒品商的手機」這樣子的東西，
03:34
We all use the same
communications devices.
communications devices.
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我們都使用著相同的通訊設備；
03:38
What that means is that
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
if the drug dealers' telephone calls
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這所代表的意思就是假若
毒品商的電話往來
毒品商的電話往來
03:42
or the terrorists' telephone calls
can be intercepted,
can be intercepted,
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或是恐怖份子的電話往來可以被攔截，
03:44
then so can the rest of ours, too.
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然後剩下來的我們這些人
也一樣可以如此被攔截。
也一樣可以如此被攔截。
03:46
And I think we really need to ask:
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而我認為我們確實需要去問：
03:48
Should a billion people
around the world be using devices
around the world be using devices
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「世界上十億的人口應該使用
如此便於受監聽的設備嗎？」
03:51
that are wiretap friendly?
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03:55
So the scenario of hacking of surveillance
systems that I've described --
systems that I've described --
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我剛講過駭進監控系統
這場景並非是假想的，
這場景並非是假想的，
03:59
this is not imaginary.
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04:01
In 2009,
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在 2009 年時
04:02
the surveillance systems that Google
and Microsoft built into their networks --
and Microsoft built into their networks --
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「谷歌」和「微軟」
應警方合法的監控要求
應警方合法的監控要求
04:06
the systems that they use to respond
to lawful surveillance requests
to lawful surveillance requests
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而建立在他們網絡裡的監控系統
04:10
from the police --
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04:11
those systems were compromised
by the Chinese government,
by the Chinese government,
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被中國政府所破解了；
04:14
because the Chinese government
wanted to figure out
wanted to figure out
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因為中國政府想找出
04:16
which of their own agents
the US government was monitoring.
the US government was monitoring.
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美國政府正在監視他們的哪一位特務。
04:20
By the same token,
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在 2004 年同樣的舉動，
04:21
in 2004, the surveillance system
built into the network
built into the network
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建立在希臘最大的電信公司 －
「渥達豐」網絡裡的監控系統
「渥達豐」網絡裡的監控系統
04:25
of Vodafone Greece --
Greece's largest telephone company --
Greece's largest telephone company --
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04:28
was compromised by an unknown entity,
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被一個找不著人的個體所破解，
04:30
and that feature,
the surveillance feature,
the surveillance feature,
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而那個監控功能
04:32
was used to wiretap
the Greek Prime Minister
the Greek Prime Minister
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被用來監聽希臘總理與
內閣成員的收發話，
內閣成員的收發話，
04:35
and members of the Greek cabinet.
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04:37
The foreign government or hackers
who did that were never caught.
who did that were never caught.
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做這件事的其他國政府或是
駭客始終沒有被逮到。
駭客始終沒有被逮到。
04:41
And really, this gets to the very problem
with these surveillance features,
with these surveillance features,
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沒錯，有這些這些監控系統或是暗門
04:45
or backdoors.
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帶來很麻煩的事情，
04:46
When you build a backdoor
into a communications network
into a communications network
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當你打造一個暗門進到通訊網絡
或是科技的一小部分裡面時，
或是科技的一小部分裡面時，
04:50
or piece of technology,
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04:51
you have no way of controlling
who's going to go through it.
who's going to go through it.
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你無沒掌控好誰會越過這道暗門的，
04:55
You have no way of controlling
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你沒辦法掌控到底是你這邊的人
還是其他方的人、
還是其他方的人、
04:56
whether it'll be used by your side
or the other side,
or the other side,
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04:59
by good guys, or by bad guys.
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到底是好人還是壞蛋。
05:01
And so for that reason,
I think that it's better
I think that it's better
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所以衝著這理由我認為 －
05:04
to build networks
to be as secure as possible.
to be as secure as possible.
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建立一個盡可能戒備森嚴的
網絡是比較好的，
網絡是比較好的，
05:08
Yes, this means that in the future,
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是的這意味著在未來
05:10
encryption is going to make
wiretapping more difficult.
wiretapping more difficult.
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加密技術將會讓監聽更為困難，
05:13
It means that the police
are going to have a tougher time
are going to have a tougher time
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那意味著警察抓壞蛋即將會有
更為艱辛的時間了；
更為艱辛的時間了；
05:15
catching bad guys.
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05:17
But the alternative would mean
to live in a world
to live in a world
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但是替代選項意味著要活在一個
05:19
where anyone's calls or anyone's
text messages could be surveilled
text messages could be surveilled
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任何人的電話、簡訊
可以被從事犯罪行為者、
可以被從事犯罪行為者、
05:23
by criminals, by stalkers
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
and by foreign intelligence agencies.
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跟蹤者、外事情報特務來監控，
05:27
And I don't want to live
in that kind of world.
in that kind of world.
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而我不想活在那樣的世界裡。
05:30
And so right now,
you probably have the tools
you probably have the tools
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所以此時你大概有阻撓
許多形式政府監控的工具，
許多形式政府監控的工具，
05:32
to thwart many kinds
of government surveillance
of government surveillance
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已經在你的手機上頭、在你的口袋裡，
05:35
already on your phones
and already in your pockets,
and already in your pockets,
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05:38
you just might not realize how strong
and how secure those tools are,
and how secure those tools are,
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你只是可能不瞭解那些工具
有多強大、多安全，
有多強大、多安全，
05:41
or how weak the other ways
you've used to communicate really are.
you've used to communicate really are.
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或是至今你用來傳遞訊息之
其他方法確實是有多不牢靠的。
其他方法確實是有多不牢靠的。
05:46
And so, my message to you is this:
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因此我要給你的中心理念就是這個 －
05:50
We need to use these tools.
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「我們需要用這些工具」；
05:52
We need to secure our telephone calls.
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我們需要保護好我們的電話往來、
05:54
We need to secure our text messages.
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我們需要保護好我們的簡訊，
05:56
I want you to use these tools.
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我希望你們利用這些工具，
05:58
I want you to tell your loved ones,
I want you to tell your colleagues:
I want you to tell your colleagues:
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我希望你告訴你們深愛之人、同事 －
06:02
Use these encrypted communications tools.
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「使用加密的傳遞訊息工具！」，
06:04
Don't just use them
because they're cheap and easy,
because they're cheap and easy,
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不要只是因為便宜
和簡單來使用它們，
和簡單來使用它們，
06:07
but use them because they're secure.
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卻是因為安全才使用它們。
06:09
Thank you.
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謝謝大家！
06:10
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activistChristopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.
Why you should listen
TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.
Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com