TEDGlobal 2009
William Kamkwamba: How I harnessed the wind
Уилям Камкуамба: Как обуздах вятъра
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Readability: 2.8
2,717,871 views
На 14-годишна възраст, сред бедност и глад, едно малавийско момче построява вятърна мелница, която да захранва дома на семейството му. Вече 22-годишен, Уилям Камкуамба, който говори тук, в TED, за втори път, споделя със свои думи затрогващия разказ за изобретението, което променило живота му.
William Kamkwamba - Inventor
To power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind." Full bio
To power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Thank you.
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Благодаря ви.
00:15
Two years ago, I stood on the TED stage in Arusha, Tanzania.
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Преди две години застанах на сцената на TED в Аруша, Танзания.
00:19
I spoke very briefly about one of my proudest creations.
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Говорих много кратко за едно от творенията си, с което съм най-горд.
00:24
It was a simple machine that changed my life.
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Това беше проста машина, която промени живота ми.
00:28
Before that time,
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Преди това
00:30
I had never been away from my home
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никога не се бях отдалечавал от дома си
00:33
in Malawi.
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в Малави.
00:36
I had never used a computer.
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Никога не бях използвал компютър.
00:38
I had never seen an Internet.
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Никога не бях виждал Интернет.
00:42
On the stage that day, I was so nervous.
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На сцената онзи ден бях толкова нервен,
00:47
My English lost,
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че забравих английския
00:51
I wanted to vomit.
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и направо ми се повръщаше.
00:53
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
00:57
I had never been surrounded by so many azungu,
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Никога не ме бяха заобикаляли толкова много азунгу,
01:01
white people.
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бели хора.
01:03
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
01:06
There was a story I wouldn't tell you then.
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Има една история, която не бих ви разказал тогава.
01:09
But well, I'm feeling good right now.
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Но - е, сега се чувствам добре.
01:12
I would like to share that story today.
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Бих искал да споделя тази история днес.
01:15
We have seven children in my family.
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В семейството ми сме седем деца.
01:17
All sisters, excepting me.
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Само сестри, с изключение на мен.
01:21
This is me with my dad when I was a little boy.
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Това съм аз с баща ми, когато бях малък.
01:26
Before I discovered the wonders of science,
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Преди да открия чудесата на науката,
01:29
I was just a simple farmer
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бях обикновен фермер
01:31
in a country of poor farmers.
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в страна на бедни фермери.
01:34
Like everyone else, we grew maize.
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Като всички други, отглеждахме царевица.
01:38
One year our fortune turned very bad.
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Една година имахме много лош късмет.
01:43
In 2001 we experienced an awful famine.
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През 2001 преживяхме ужасен глад.
01:48
Within five months all Malawians began to starve to death.
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За пет месеца всички малавийци започнаха да гладуват до смърт.
01:55
My family ate one meal per day, at night.
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Семейството ми се хранеше само веднъж, вечер.
01:59
Only three swallows of nsima for each one of us.
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Само по три лъжици нсима за всеки от нас.
02:03
The food passes through our bodies.
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Храната минаваше през телата ни.
02:05
We drop down to nothing.
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Започнахме да изчезваме.
02:09
In Malawi, the secondary school,
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В Малави, на втория ден в училище
02:12
you have to pay school fees.
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трябва да платиш училищни такси.
02:14
Because of the hunger, I was forced to drop out of school.
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Заради глада бях принуден да отпадна от училище.
02:20
I looked at my father
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Погледнах баща си,
02:22
and looked at those dry fields.
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погледнах и онези сухи полета.
02:24
It was the future I couldn't accept.
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Това беше бъдещето, което не можех да приема.
02:28
I felt very happy to be at the secondary school,
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Чувствах се много щастлив, че това е вторият ми ден в училище.
02:32
so I was determined to do anything possible
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Затова бях твърдо решен да направя всичко възможно,
02:37
to receive education.
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за да получа образование.
02:39
So I went to a library.
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Отидох в една библиотека.
02:41
I read books, science books, especially physics.
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Четох книги - научни книги, особено по физика.
02:45
I couldn't read English that well.
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Не можех да чета много добре на английски.
02:47
I used diagrams and pictures
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Използвах диаграмите и снимките,
02:50
to learn the words around them.
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за да уча думите около тях.
02:55
Another book put that knowledge in my hands.
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Една друга книга постави това знание в ръцете ми.
02:59
It said a windmill could pump water and generate electricity.
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В нея се казваше, че с вятърна мелница може да се изпомпва вода и да се генерира електричество.
03:05
Pump water meant irrigation,
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Изпомпването на вода значеше напояване.
03:08
a defense against hunger,
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Защита срещу глада,
03:10
which we were experiencing by that time.
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който преживявахме тогава.
03:14
So I decided I would build one windmill for myself.
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Затова реших да построя една вятърна мелница за себе си.
03:18
But I didn't have materials to use,
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Но нямах материали, които да използвам.
03:21
so I went to a scrap yard
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Затова отидох на едно бунище,
03:23
where I found my materials.
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където си намерих материали.
03:26
Many people, including my mother,
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Много хора, включително майка ми,
03:30
said I was crazy.
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казваха, че съм луд.
03:32
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
03:34
I found a tractor fan,
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Намерих вентилатор за трактор,
03:36
shock absorber, PVC pipes.
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амортисьор, тръби от ПВЦ.
03:38
Using a bicycle frame
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С помощта на рамка за велосипед
03:41
and an old bicycle dynamo,
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и едно старо велосипедно динамо
03:45
I built my machine.
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построих моята машина.
03:47
It was one light at first.
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Отначало захранваше една крушка.
03:50
And then four lights,
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После - четири крушки
03:53
with switches, and even a circuit breaker,
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с превключватели, и дори прекъсвач,
03:58
modeled after an electric bell.
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моделиран след една сметка за електричество.
04:02
Another machine pumps water
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Друга машина изпомпва вода
04:06
for irrigation.
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за напояване.
04:09
Queues of people start lining up at my house
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Пред къщата ми започнаха да се редят опашки от хора,
04:12
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
04:14
to charge their mobile phone.
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за да им зареждам мобилните телефони.
04:16
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
04:20
I could not get rid of them.
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Не можех да се отърва от тях.
04:22
(Laughter)
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(Смях)
04:24
And the reporters came too,
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Дойдоха и репортерите,
04:27
which lead to bloggers
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което доведе до блогърите,
04:29
and which lead to a call from something called TED.
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което доведе до обаждане от нещо, наречено TED.
04:34
I had never seen an airplane before.
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Никога не бях виждал самолет преди.
04:36
I had never slept in a hotel.
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Никога не бях спал в хотел.
04:39
So, on stage that day in Arusha,
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И така, на сцената онзи ден в Аруша,
04:43
my English lost,
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изгубил познанията си по английски,
04:46
I said something like,
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казах нещо от сорта на:
04:49
"I tried. And I made it."
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"Опитах. И го направих."
04:53
So I would like to say something
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Бих искал да кажа нещо
04:55
to all the people out there like me
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на всички хора като мен,
04:58
to the Africans, and the poor
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на африканците и на бедните,
05:01
who are struggling with your dreams.
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които се борите с мечтите си -
05:05
God bless.
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Бог да ви благослови.
05:07
Maybe one day you will watch this on the Internet.
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Може би някой ден ще гледате това по Интернет.
05:11
I say to you, trust yourself and believe.
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Казвам ви - доверявайте се на себе си и вярвайте.
05:16
Whatever happens, don't give up.
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Каквото и да се случва, не се отказвайте.
05:18
Thank you.
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Благодаря.
05:20
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
William Kamkwamba - InventorTo power his family's home, young William Kamkwamba built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap -- starting him on a journey detailed in the book and film "The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind."
Why you should listen
William Kamkwamba, from Malawi, is a born inventor. When he was 14, he built an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap, working from rough plans he found in a library book called Using Energy and modifying them to fit his needs. The windmill he built powers four lights and two radios in his family home.
After reading about Kamkwamba on Mike McKay's blog Hactivate (which picked up the story from a local Malawi newspaper), TEDGlobal Conference Director Emeka Okafor spent several weeks tracking him down at his home in Masitala Village, Wimbe, and invited him to attend TEDGlobal on a fellowship. Onstage, Kamkwamba talked about his invention and shared his dreams: to build a larger windmill to help with irrigation for his entire village, and to go back to school.
Following Kamkwamba's moving talk, there was an outpouring of support for him and his promising work. Members of the TED community got together to help him improve his power system (by incorporating solar energy), and further his education through school and mentorships. Subsequent projects have included clean water, malaria prevention, solar power and lighting for the six homes in his family compound; a deep-water well with a solar-powered pump for clean water; and a drip irrigation system. Kamkwamba himself returned to school, and is now attending the African Leadership Academy, a new pan-African prep school outside Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kamkwamba's story is documented in his autobiography, The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind: Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope. A documentary about Kamkwamba, called William and the Windmill, won the Documentary Feature Grand Jury award at SXSW in 2013 (watch a trailer ). You can support his work and other young inventors at MovingWindmills.org.
William Kamkwamba | Speaker | TED.com