Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Mariano Sigman: Ve vašich slovech je možná skryta budoucnost vašeho duševního zdraví
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
víme, jak se staří Řekové oblékali,
aspects of human thought --
že nejhlubší vlastnosti lidského myšlení,
that have shaped our culture
které utvářejí naši kulturu,
the structural columns of human thought.
změnit lidské myšlení.
opinions about this.
philosophical debate.
filozofickou debatu.
even amenable to science?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
jak vypadala starověká řecká města
are the archaeological records,
archeologickými nálezy,
books of human culture,
knih lidské kultury,
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
k divoké a radikální hypotéze:
we would call schizophrenics.
je dnes nazvali schizofreniky.
humans described in these books
popsáni v těchto knihách
and in different places of the world,
v různých místech na světě,
as coming from the Gods,
přicházející od Boha,
that they were the creators,
že oni jsou tvůrci,
about their own thoughts.
o vlastních myšlenkách.
of our own existence --
co řídí svou vlastní existenci --
and very specific examples.
jen na pár velmi specifických příkladech.
history only about 3,000 years ago
před pouhými 3000 lety,
and objective manner.
a kvantitativně zkoumána.
to go about this is quite obvious.
and then he wrote,
dne probudil a napsal:
a fully introspective consciousness."
introspektivní vědomí."
what is the essence of the problem.
of a concept that's never said.
která nebyla nikdy vyslovena.
does not appear a single time
is to build the space of words.
vybudování slovního prostoru.
that contains all words
který obsahuje všechna slova tak,
between any two of them
dvěma z nich určuje,
closely related they are.
to be very close together,
velmi blízko u sebe,
to be very far away.
jsou od sebe velmi daleko.
for any two words within the space.
jakákoliv dvě slova v prostoru.
that we can construct the space of words.
můžeme vytvořit slovní prostor.
that when two words are related,
že když jsou si dvě slova blízká,
just by pure chance.
byla čistá náhoda.
and high-dimensional space,
vysoce rozměrný prostor,
of how well this works,
jak to funguje
we analyze this for some familiar words.
když analyzujeme některá známá slova.
into semantic neighborhoods.
do sémantických okruhů.
the scientific terms and so on.
a tak dále.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
že uspořádáváme pojmy hierarchicky.
break down into two subcategories
jsou dále rozděleny do dvou podskupin
na docela zvláštním místě,
at this for a while,
a bit like doing poetry.
psaní poezie.
is like walking in the mind.
je jako procházení se myslí.
what are our intuitions,
naše instinkty o tom,
in the neighborhood of introspection.
poblíž introspekce.
"reason," "emotion,"
"důvod", "emoce"
"candle," "banana,"
"svíčka", "banán",
of introspection,
and somehow vague,
za abstraktní a nejasný,
of words as a trajectory
spends significant time
zdali tato linie podstatnou dobu
of introspection.
the history of introspection
historii introspekce
available written record.
dostupné psané záznamy.
how close it is to introspection,
každé z těchto slov ke slovu introspekce,
as time goes on and on,
jestli se postupem času
and closer and closer
in the ancient Greek tradition.
in the Homeric tradition,
knihách z Homérského období
getting closer to introspection.
které se přibližují introspekci.
to an almost five-fold increase
téměř pětinásobek
and closer and closer
in a different, independent tradition.
nezávislé tradici.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
analýzu také židokřesťanské tradice
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
v nejstarších knihách Starého Zákona,
had been recognized by scholars,
odborníky,
the father of modern psychology.
za otce moderní psychologie.
of being quantitative,
že je kvantitativní,
important conclusions
z nejdůležitějších závěrů
one of the beauties of science,
can be translated
může být přenesena
of different domains.
about the past of human consciousness,
zeptali na minulost lidského vědomí,
we can pose to ourselves
kterou si můžeme položit,
about the future of our own consciousness.
o budoucnosti našeho vědomí.
of where our minds will be in a few days,
myšlení bude za několik dní,
are now wearing sensors
spousta z nás nosí senzory,
help us prevent diseases,
mohli předejít nemocem,
and analyzing the words we speak,
a analyzování slov, která říkáme,
something may go wrong with our minds.
něco špatného stát s naší myslí.
v tomto dobrodružství,
the recorded speech of 34 young people
nahrávky promluv 34 mladých lidí,
of developing schizophrenia.
riziko vývoje schizofrenie.
we measured speech at day one,
promluvy v den jedna,
of the speech could predict,
promluvy mohou předpovědět,
information in semantics
informací o sémantice,
organization of the mind.
budoucí uspořádání mysli.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
schizofrenií a kontrolní skupinou,
for the ancient texts,
onset of psychosis.
was not so much what they were saying,
ani tak to, co říkají,
neighborhoods the words were,
poli se slova vyskytovala,
to the other one.
sémantická koherence,
of speech within one semantic topic,
v rámci jedné sémantické kategorie,
that for this group of 34 people,
coherence could predict,
koherenci mohl předpovědět
that could not be achieved --
nebylo možné dosáhnout,
existing clinical measures.
existující klinické metody.
while I was working on this,
když jsme na tomto pracovali,
back in Buenos Aires,
he was living in New York.
because nothing was said explicitly --
protože nic nebylo řečeno přímo --
that something was going wrong.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
slov vycítil, že se něco děje,
effective way to help.
efektivním způsobem pomoci.
close to understanding
that we all have,
intuici, kterou všichni máme,
a very different form of mental health,
různé formy duševního zdraví,
and automated analysis
a zautomatizované analýzy
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com