Mariano Sigman: Your words may predict your future mental health
Mariano Sigman: Vos mots pourront prédire votre future santé mentale
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bio
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to know how the ancient Greeks dressed,
connaître les vêtements des Grecs anciens,
aspects of human thought --
de la pensée --
that have shaped our culture
qui ont façonné notre culture
la structure même de la pensée humaine.
the structural columns of human thought.
opinions about this.
un avis différent à ce sujet.
philosophical debate.
de longue date.
even amenable to science?
cette question à la science ?
how the ancient Greek cities looked
de la forme des anciennes villes grecques
are the archaeological records,
comme des indices archéologiques,
de la culture humaine,
books of human culture,
une hypothèse assez folle et radicale :
with a very wild and radical hypothesis:
we would call schizophrenics.
maintenant des schizophrènes.
humans described in these books
décrits dans ces livres
and in different places of the world,
et des lieux différents,
et leur obéissaient,
comme venant des dieux,
as coming from the Gods,
des hallucinations.
le temps passant,
that they were the creators,
qu'ils étaient les créateurs,
about their own thoughts.
à leurs propres pensées.
est que la conscience,
dont nous la percevons aujourd'hui,
of our own existence --
les pilotes de notre existence,
and very specific examples.
très spécifiques seulement.
history only about 3,000 years ago
dans l'histoire humaine il y a 3 000 ans,
and objective manner.
quantitative et objective.
to go about this is quite obvious.
avec tout cela, est plutôt simple.
and then he wrote,
se réveillait un jour et écrivait :
a fully introspective consciousness."
conscience introspective. »
what is the essence of the problem.
l'essence du problème.
of a concept that's never said.
d'un concept qui ne s'est jamais déclaré.
does not appear a single time
une seule fois
is to build the space of words.
est de construire l'espace des mots.
that contains all words
contenant tous les mots
entre deux d'entre eux
between any two of them
closely related they are.
to be very close together,
seront très proches,
to be very far away.
et « logarithme » seront très éloignés.
for any two words within the space.
les deux mots de l'espace.
that we can construct the space of words.
de différentes manières.
that when two words are related,
que lorsque deux mots sont liés,
dans les mêmes phrases,
just by pure chance.
que s'ils l'étaient par hasard.
and high-dimensional space,
très complexe,
of how well this works,
de son efficacité,
we analyze this for some familiar words.
lors d'une analyse de mots familiers.
into semantic neighborhoods.
en voisinages sémantiques.
les parties du corps,
les termes scientifiques...
the scientific terms and so on.
that we organize concepts in a hierarchy.
les concepts hiérarchiquement.
se coupent en deux sous-catégories :
break down into two subcategories
at this for a while,
pendant un moment,
de faire de la poésie.
a bit like doing poetry.
is like walking in the mind.
parcourir notre pensée.
what are our intuitions,
ce que sont nos intuitions,
in the neighborhood of introspection.
dans le voisinage de l'introspection.
"reason," "emotion,"
« raison », « émotion »,
« bougie », « banane »,
"candle," "banana,"
of introspection,
de l'introspection,
and somehow vague,
ou quelque peu vague,
est de prendre les livres,
of words as a trajectory
comme une trajectoire
spends significant time
passe un temps significatif
of introspection.
the history of introspection
de l'introspection
traces écrites sont disponibles.
available written record.
sa distance à « introspection »,
how close it is to introspection,
as time goes on and on,
avec le temps,
and closer and closer
in the ancient Greek tradition.
dans la tradition de la grecque antique.
in the Homeric tradition,
livres d'Homère,
getting closer to introspection.
vers l'introspection
to an almost five-fold increase
presque d'un facteur 5,
and closer and closer
de plus en plus
in a different, independent tradition.
une tradition différente, indépendante.
on the Judeo-Christian tradition,
sur le corpus judéo-chrétien,
le même schéma.
for the oldest books in the Old Testament,
dans les livres de l'Ancien Testament,
de Saint Augustin »,
had been recognized by scholars,
a été reconnu par les universitaires,
de l'introspection.
the father of modern psychology.
le père de la psychologie moderne.
of being quantitative,
important conclusions
les conclusions les plus importantes
one of the beauties of science,
can be translated
maintenant être transposée
of different domains.
de domaines.
about the past of human consciousness,
cherché le passé de la conscience humaine,
we can pose to ourselves
le plus grand défi qu'il soit,
about the future of our own consciousness.
chose sur le futur de notre conscience.
of where our minds will be in a few days,
dans quelques jours,
are now wearing sensors
qui portent des capteurs
help us prevent diseases,
d'éviter des maladies,
si analyser les mots quand on parle
and analyzing the words we speak,
quand on écrit,
something may go wrong with our minds.
peut aller plus mal dans notre esprit.
the recorded speech of 34 young people
l'enregistrement de 34 jeunes
of developing schizophrenia.
de schizophrénie.
we measured speech at day one,
leurs discours le premier jour,
of the speech could predict,
leurs caractéristiques pouvaient prédire,
information in semantics
de sémantique
organization of the mind.
future de la pensée.
of schizophrenics and a control group,
de schizophrènes et un groupe témoin,
for the ancient texts,
pour les textes anciens,
démarrage de la psychose.
onset of psychosis.
was not so much what they were saying,
n'était pas ce qu'ils disaient,
neighborhoods the words were,
où étaient les mots,
to the other one.
of speech within one semantic topic,
du discours dans un sujet sémantique,
that for this group of 34 people,
de 34 personnes,
coherence could predict,
sémantique a pu prédire,
that could not be achieved --
qui n'a pas pu être réalisé,
existing clinical measures.
mesure clinique existante.
while I was working on this,
quand je travaillais là-dessus,
back in Buenos Aires,
à Buenos Aires,
he was living in New York.
because nothing was said explicitly --
car ce n'était pas explicite,
that something was going wrong.
que quelque chose n'allait pas.
and I called Polo,
through words, his feelings,
à travers les mots
effective way to help.
et efficace pour l'aider.
close to understanding
that we all have,
que nous avons tous,
a very different form of mental health,
une forme différente de santé mentale,
and automated analysis
quantitative et automatisée
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com