TED2007
Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do
Gever Tulley: 5 lastele ohtlikku asja
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Gever Tulley, Nokitsemise Kooli asutaja, loetleb viis ohtlikku asja, mida sa peaksid lubama oma lastel teha. Ettekanne TED Ülikoolist 2007.
Gever Tulley - Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do."
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Tere! "Viis ohtlikku asja, mida peaksid lubama oma lastel teha"
00:18
I don't have children.
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Mul ei ole lapsi.
00:20
I borrow my friends' children, so
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Ma laenan neid oma sõpradelt, nii et...
00:22
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
00:26
take all this advice with a grain of salt.
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Võtke kõiki neid nõuandeid väikese umbusuga.
00:28
I'm Gever Tulley.
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Mina olen Gever Tulley.
00:31
I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,
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Olen ametilt arvutiteadlane,
00:35
but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School.
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aga ma asutasin sellise asja nagu Nokitsemise Kool.
00:40
It's a summer program which aims to help kids to learn
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See on suvelaager, mille eesmärk on aidata lastel õppida
00:43
how to build the things that they think of.
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ehitama kõikvõimalikke asju, mida nad välja mõtlevad.
00:46
So we build a lot of things.
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Me ehitame paljusid asju.
00:48
And I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.
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Ja ma tõesti pistan teise klassi õpilastele elektritööriistad pihku.
00:51
So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,
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Nii et kui kavatsete oma lapsed Nokitsemise Kooli saata,
00:55
they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.
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tulevad nad tagasi sinikate, marrastuste ja haavadega.
01:00
So, you know, we live in a world
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Teate, me elame maailmas,
01:02
that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations.
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mida valitsevad üha rangemad lapseohutuse nõuded.
01:06
There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy
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Ei paista olevat mingit piiri, kui pööraseks
01:12
child safety regulations can get.
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lapseohutuse nõuded minna võivad.
01:14
We put suffocation warnings on all the -- on every piece of plastic film
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Me paneme lämbumisohu hoiatused kõigele - igale kiletükile,
01:19
manufactured in the United States or for sale
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mida USAs kas toodetakse või
01:21
with an item in the United States.
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koos mõne esemega müüakse.
01:23
We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us
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Me paneme hoiatused kohvitopsidele
01:26
that the contents may be hot.
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teatega, et sisu võib olla tuline.
01:29
And we seem to think that any item
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Ja me paistame arvavat, et iga ese,
01:33
sharper than a golf ball is too sharp
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mis on teravam kui golfipall, on liiga terav
01:35
for children under the age of 10.
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alla 10-aastase lapse jaoks.
01:37
So where does this trend stop?
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Kus see trend lõppeb?
01:41
When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,
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Kui me lihvime iga nurga nüriks ja kõrvaldame iga terava eseme,
01:46
every pokey bit in the world,
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iga torkava asja maailmas,
01:49
then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp
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siis esimesel korral, kui lapsed puutuvad kokku millegi teravaga
01:53
or not made out of round plastic,
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või millegagi, mis pole tehtud kumerast plastikust,
01:56
they'll hurt themselves with it.
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teevad nad endale sellega viga.
01:59
So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone
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Kui me turvatsooni piire aina kahandame,
02:05
grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities
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jätame oma lapsed ilma väärtuslikest võimalustest
02:11
to learn how to interact with the world around them.
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õppida neid ümbritsevas maailmas toime tulema.
02:14
And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,
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Ja hoolimata kõigist meie parimatest püüdlustest ja kavatsustest,
02:18
kids are always going to figure out
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suudavad lapsed alati välja nuputada,
02:19
how to do the most dangerous thing they can,
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kuidas teha seda, mis on kõige ohtlikum,
02:22
in whatever environment they can.
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ükskõik millises keskkonnas.
02:25
So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety
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Nii et hoolimata provokatiivsest pealkirjast räägib see ettekanne tegelikult ohutusest
02:32
and about some simple things that we can do
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ja mõnest lihtsast asjast, mida saame teha,
02:36
to raise our kids to be creative, confident
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et kasvatada oma lapsed loovaks, enesekindlaks,
02:42
and in control of the environment around them.
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sellisteks, kes saavad oma keskkonnas hakkama.
02:45
And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress.
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Esitan teile nüüd mõningaid mõtteid raamatust, mille kallal ma töötan.
02:51
The book is called "50 Dangerous Things."
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Selle raamatu nimi on "50 ohtlikku asja".
02:53
This is five dangerous things.
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Ma räägin viiest ohtlikust asjast.
02:55
Thing number one -- play with fire.
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Number üks - mängi tulega.
02:58
Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature
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Ühe kõige elementaarsema loodusjõu kontrollima õppimine
03:03
is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history.
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on iga lapse elus pöördeline moment.
03:07
Whether we remember it or not,
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Kas hiljem mäletame seda või mitte,
03:09
it's a -- it's the first time we really get
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see on esimene kord, kui me reaalselt
03:12
control of one of these mysterious things.
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saavutame kontrolli ühe müstilise nähtuse üle.
03:15
These mysteries are only revealed
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Need müsteeriumid avanevad ainult neile,
03:17
to those who get the opportunity to play with it.
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kel on võimalus nendega mängida.
03:19
So, playing with fire.
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Nii et, mängi tulega.
03:22
This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire.
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See on üks suurimaid avastusi, mida üldse on tehtud - tuli.
03:28
From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,
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Sellega mängides saavad lapsed algteadmisi
03:31
about intake, about combustion, about exhaust.
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tõmbe, põlemise ja gaaside eraldumise kohta.
03:35
These are the three working elements of fire
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Neid kolme elementaarset asja on vaja juhtida,
03:37
that you have to have to have a good controlled fire.
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et saavutada korralikult kontrollitud tuld.
03:40
And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory.
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Kujutlege, et lahtine lõkketuli on kui laboratoorium.
03:45
You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it.
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Te ei tea, mida nad sellega mängides õppida võivad.
03:47
You know, let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,
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Laske neil sellega mängida, nagu heaks arvavad, ja uskuge mind,
03:53
they're going to learn things
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nad õpivad asju, mida nad
03:55
that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.
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Seikleja Dora mänguasjadega mängides ei õpiks.
04:01
Number two -- own a pocketknife.
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Number kaks - sul olgu taskunuga.
04:04
Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,
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Taskunoad on justkui meie kultuurilisest teadvusest ära kadumas,
04:09
which I think is a terrible thing.
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mis minu arvates on kohutav.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
04:15
Your first -- your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given.
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Su esimene taskunuga on nagu esimene universaaltööriist, mis su kätte antakse.
04:20
You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,
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Seda saab kasutada spaatlina, kangina,
04:23
it's a screwdriver and it's a blade.
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kruvikeerajana ja lõikeriistana.
04:26
And it's a -- it's a powerful and empowering tool.
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See on vägev ja väge andev tööriist.
04:31
And in a lot of cultures they give knives --
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Paljudes kultuurides antakse nuga laste kätte -
04:34
like, as soon as they're toddlers they have knives.
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niipea kui nad kõndida oskavad, antakse neile nuga pihku.
04:36
These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber.
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Need on innuiti lapsed, kes lõikavad vaalarasva.
04:40
I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,
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Nägin seda ühes Kanada Filminõukogu filmis, kui olin kümnene,
04:44
and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives.
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ja see jättis mulle kustumatu mulje, näha tittesid nugadega mängimas.
04:48
And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self
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Ja see näitab, et lapsed suudavad laiendada oma eneseteadvust
04:52
through a tool at a very young age.
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tööriista vahendusel juba väga varajases eas.
04:54
You lay down a couple of very simple rules --
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Kehtestage paar väga lihtsat reeglit -
04:57
always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it
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lõikesuund olgu alati kehast eemale, tera olgu terav, jõudu ei tohi kasutada
05:02
-- and these are things kids can understand and practice with.
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- ja need on asjad, mida lapsed mõistavad ja võivad praktiseerida.
05:05
And yeah, they're going to cut themselves.
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Ning jah, nad lõikavad endale sisse.
05:06
I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself.
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Mul on jalgade peal sisselõikamisest mõned koledad armid.
05:10
But you know, they're young. They heal fast.
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Aga teate, nad on noored. Nad paranevad kähku.
05:12
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
05:16
Number three -- throw a spear.
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Number kolm - viska oda.
05:19
It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things
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Tuleb välja, et meie aju on asjade viskamiseks lausa loodud,
05:23
and, like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,
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ning nagu lihasega, kui sa aju mingit osa ei kasuta,
05:28
they tend to atrophy over time.
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kipub see aja jooksul känguma.
05:31
But when you exercise them,
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Aga kui sa seda treenid,
05:34
any given muscle adds strength to the whole system
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siis iga lihas lisab tervele süsteemile jõudu,
05:36
and that applies to your brain too.
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ja sama kehtib aju kohta.
05:39
So practicing throwing things has been shown to
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Tuleb välja, et asjade viskamine
05:43
stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes,
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stimuleerib frontaal- ja kiirusagarat,
05:46
which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,
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mis tegelevad nägemisteravuse, ruumilisuse mõistmise,
05:51
and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense --
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ja struktuurse probleemilahendamisega, see annab ...
05:56
it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.
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see aitab arendada nende visualiseerimisoskust ja oskust asju ette näha.
06:01
And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill,
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Viskamine hõlmab nii analüütilisi kui ka füüsilisi võimeid,
06:06
so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training.
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nii et see on keha üldtreeninguks väga hea.
06:10
These kinds of target-based practice also
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Niisugused sihtmärgipõhised harjutused
06:16
helps kids develop attention and concentration skills.
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aitavad arendada lastel ka tähelepanu- ja keskendumisvõimet.
06:21
So those are great.
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Seega on need väga head.
06:23
Number four -- deconstruct appliances.
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Number neli - lammuta seadmeid.
06:27
There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher.
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Teie nõudepesumasinas on terve maailma täis huvitavaid asju.
06:31
Next time you're about to throw out an appliance, don't throw it out.
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Järgmine kord, kui tahate mingit aparaati ära visata, ärge visake seda ära.
06:36
Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school
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Võtke see koos oma lapsega juppideks, või saatke laps minu kooli
06:39
and we'll take it apart with them.
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ja me teeme selle seal juppideks.
06:41
Even if you don't know what the parts are,
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Isegi kui pole teada, mis need osad on,
06:43
puzzling out what they might be for
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siis mõistatamine, mis nende ülesanne võiks olla,
06:46
is a really good practice for the kids
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on lastele väga hea harjutus,
06:49
to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,
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et saada tunne, et nad võivad asju lahti võtta,
06:55
and no matter how complex they are,
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ja ükskõik kui keerulised need ka poleks,
06:57
they can understand parts of them and that means that eventually,
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võivad nad mõningatest juppidest aru saada, ja see tähendab, et kunagi
07:01
they can understand all of them.
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võivad nad kõigest aru saada.
07:03
It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable.
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See on mõistmise võimalikkuse tunne, teadmine, et midagi on võimalik mõista.
07:07
So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted
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Nii et need mustad kastid, millega me elame ja mida endastmõistetavaks peame,
07:10
are actually complex things made by other people
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on tegelikult keerukad, teiste inimeste tehtud asjad
07:14
and you can understand them.
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ja neist on võimalik aru saada.
07:16
Number five -- two-parter.
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Number viis - see on kaheosaline.
07:20
Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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Riku autorikaitseseadust (DMCA).
07:22
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
07:25
There are laws beyond safety regulations
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On seadusi, mis ületavad ohutusnõuete piirid,
07:28
that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things
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mis püüavad piirata seda, kuidas kasutame
07:31
that we own -- in this case, digital media.
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oma asju - antud juhul, digitaalset meediat.
07:34
It's a very simple exercise -- buy a song on ITunes, write it to a CD,
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See on väga lihtne harjutus - osta iTunesist laul, kirjuta CD-le,
07:41
then rip the CD to an MP3 and play it on your very same computer.
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kopeeri CD-lt MP3-na arvutisse tagasi ja tõmba arvutis käima.
07:44
You've just broken a law.
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Sa just rikkusid seadust.
07:46
Technically the RIAA can come and persecute you.
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Teoreetiliselt RIAA võiks tulla ja sind kohtusse anda.
07:50
It's an important lesson for kids to understand --
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See on lastele tähtis õppetund, saada aru,
07:52
that some of these laws get broken by accident
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et mõningaid seadusi rikutakse kogemata
07:56
and that laws have to be interpreted.
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ja et seadusi tuleb tõlgendada.
07:58
And it's something we often talk about with the kids
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Ja see on miski, millest me tihti lastega räägime,
08:01
when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open
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kui me asjadega mängime ja neid lahti teeme
08:05
and taking them apart and using them for other things --
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ja tükkideks võtame ja teisteks asjadeks kasutame -
08:08
and also when we go out and drive a car.
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ja samuti kui me välja läheme ja autoga sõidame.
08:14
Driving a car is a -- is a really empowering act for a young child,
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Autojuhtimine on noore lapse jaoks tõeliselt uhke tegevus,
08:18
so this is the ultimate.
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see on ülim...
08:20
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
08:22
For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law,
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Need teist, kes seadust rikkuda ei taha, võivad juhtida
08:26
you can drive a car with your child.
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autot koos lapsega.
08:29
This is -- this is a great stage for a kid.
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See on lapse jaoks väga tore faas.
08:32
This happens about the same time
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See juhtub umbes samal ajal
08:34
that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,
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kui neid huvitavad asjad nagu dinosaurused,
08:37
these big things in the outside world
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need suured asjad välismaailmas,
08:39
that they're trying to get a grip on.
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millest nad püüavad aru saada.
08:41
A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it.
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Auto on sarnane objekt, ja nad saavad autosse ronida ja seda juhtida.
08:46
And that's a really, like -- it gives them a handle on a world
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Ja see tõesti annab neile maailma üle kontrolli
08:50
in a way that they wouldn't -- that they don't often have access to.
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viisil, mida neil... tavaliselt ei ole.
08:55
So -- and it's perfectly legal.
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Ja USAs on see täiesti legaalne.
08:57
Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it
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Otsi suur parkimisplats, kontrolli, et seal kedagi ega midagi pole,
08:59
and it's on private property, and let them drive your car.
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et see on eravaldus, ja lase neil oma autot juhtida.
09:03
It's very safe actually.
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See on tegelikult väga ohutu.
09:05
And it's fun for the whole family.
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Ja see on lõbus tervele perele.
09:07
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
09:09
So, let's see.
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Nii, vaatame.
09:11
I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.
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Ma arvan, et see on kõik. See oli number viis ja pool. Okei.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gever Tulley - TinkererThe founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids.
Why you should listen
Gever Tulley writes the best Twitters: Just landed my paraglider in an empty field behind Santa 8arbara. ... Making amazing tshirts with a laser cutter at the maker faire in austin. ... Washing fruit, putting sheets on bunkbeds, and grinding up aluminum foil in a cheap blender ... Updating the school blog, trying to figure out how many cubic feet of air are in a 5 gallon cylinder at 200 PSI. ... Trying to figure out if the tinker kids are going to be able to get molten iron from magnetite sand ...
A software engineer, Gever Tulley is the co-founder of the Tinkering School, a weeklong camp where lucky kids get to play with their very own power tools. He's interested in helping kids learn how to build, solve problems, use new materials and hack old ones for new purposes. He's also a certified paragliding instructor.
Gever Tulley | Speaker | TED.com