TED2007
Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do
Gever Tulley o 5 stvareh, ki so nevarne za otroke
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Gever Tulley, ustanovitelj poletnega kampa Tinkering School (kjer otroke uči, kako zgraditi / napraviti stvari), predstavlja 5 stvari, ki so nevarne, a bi jih morali dovoliti svojim otrokom.
Gever Tulley - Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do."
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Dobrodošli na predavanju "5 nevarnih stvari, ki bi jih morali dovoliti svojim otrokom".
00:18
I don't have children.
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Jaz nimam otrok.
00:20
I borrow my friends' children, so
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Sposojam si jih od svojih prijateljev, zato...
00:22
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
00:26
take all this advice with a grain of salt.
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... vzemite moje nasvete z malce rezerve.
00:28
I'm Gever Tulley.
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Sem Gever Tulley.
00:31
I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,
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Po poklicu sem računalničar,
00:35
but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School.
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sem pa tudi ustanovitelj nečesa, kar imenujemo Tinkering School.
00:40
It's a summer program which aims to help kids to learn
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To je poletni kamp, kjer otroke učimo,
00:43
how to build the things that they think of.
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kako se naredi ali izgradi stvari, ki si jih zamislijo.
00:46
So we build a lot of things.
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Naredimo veliko stvari.
00:48
And I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.
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In drugošolcem dajem v roke težka električna orodja.
00:51
So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,
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Če torej razmišljate o tem, da bi v Tinkering School poslali svojega otroka,...
00:55
they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.
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... domov se vrnejo obtolčeni, popraskani in krvavi.
01:00
So, you know, we live in a world
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Torej, veste, živimo v svetu,
01:02
that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations.
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ki ga čedalje bolj obremenjujemo s strogimi predpisi za varnost otrok.
01:06
There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy
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Zdi se, da norost nima meja,
01:12
child safety regulations can get.
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ko gre za varnostne predpise glede otrok.
01:14
We put suffocation warnings on all the -- on every piece of plastic film
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Opozorila o možnosti zadušitve dajemo na vse - na vsak kos folije,
01:19
manufactured in the United States or for sale
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ki ga proizvedemo v ZDA ali damo v prodajo
01:21
with an item in the United States.
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s kakšnim artiklom v ZDA.
01:23
We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us
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Opozorila na skodelicah s kavo nam sporočajo,
01:26
that the contents may be hot.
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da je vsebina lahko vroča.
01:29
And we seem to think that any item
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In zdi se, da mislimo, da je vsaka stvar,
01:33
sharper than a golf ball is too sharp
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ki je ostrejša od žogice za golf, preostra
01:35
for children under the age of 10.
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za otroke, mlajše od 10 let.
01:37
So where does this trend stop?
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Kje se to sploh ustavi?
01:41
When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,
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Ko odstranimo vsak rob in oster predmet,
01:46
every pokey bit in the world,
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vsako malenkost na svetu,
01:49
then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp
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potem se otroci, ko se prvič srečajo z nečim ostrim
01:53
or not made out of round plastic,
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ali nečim, kar ni iz oble plastike,
01:56
they'll hurt themselves with it.
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s tem poškodujejo.
01:59
So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone
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S tem, ko so meje tega, kar dojemamo kot varen svet,
02:05
grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities
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čedalje bolj tesne, svoje otroke prikrajšamo za pomembne priložnosti,
02:11
to learn how to interact with the world around them.
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da bi se naučili, kako ravnati s svetom, v katerem živijo.
02:14
And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,
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Čeprav se trudimo z najboljšimi nameni,
02:18
kids are always going to figure out
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otroci vedno najdejo način,
02:19
how to do the most dangerous thing they can,
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kako početi najbolj nevarne stvari, ki jih lahko,
02:22
in whatever environment they can.
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v kateremkoli okolju jim to uspe.
02:25
So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety
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Torej, kljub provokativnemu naslovu je to predavanje predvsem o varnosti
02:32
and about some simple things that we can do
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in o nekaterih preprostih stvareh, ki jih lahko naredimo,
02:36
to raise our kids to be creative, confident
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da bi svoje otroke vzgojili v kreativne, samozavestne ljudi,
02:42
and in control of the environment around them.
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ki obvladujejo okolje, v katerem živijo.
02:45
And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress.
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Kar vam bom predstavil, je odlomek iz knjige v nastajanju.
02:51
The book is called "50 Dangerous Things."
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Naslov knjige je "50 nevarnih stvari".
02:53
This is five dangerous things.
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Tole je 5 nevarnih stvari.
02:55
Thing number one -- play with fire.
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Prvič - igraj se z ognjem.
02:58
Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature
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Naučiti se nadzora nad eno od najbolj elementarnih sil v naravi
03:03
is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history.
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je ključni trenutek v otrokovi osebni zgodovini.
03:07
Whether we remember it or not,
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Če se spomnimo ali ne,
03:09
it's a -- it's the first time we really get
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je to prvič, da nam res uspe
03:12
control of one of these mysterious things.
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nadzorovati eno od teh skrivnostnih stvari.
03:15
These mysteries are only revealed
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Te skrivnosti lahko odkrijejo samo
03:17
to those who get the opportunity to play with it.
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tisti, ki imajo priložnost igrati se s temi silami.
03:19
So, playing with fire.
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Torej, igra z ognjem.
03:22
This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire.
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Ogenj je ena najpomembnejših stvari, ki smo jih odkrili.
03:28
From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,
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V igri se otroci naučijo osnovnih dejstev o ognju,
03:31
about intake, about combustion, about exhaust.
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o netenju, izgorevanju, izpuhih.
03:35
These are the three working elements of fire
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To so trije funkcionalni vidiki ognja,
03:37
that you have to have to have a good controlled fire.
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ki jih je treba obvladati, če želiš nadzorovati ogenj.
03:40
And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory.
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Odprt ogenj si lahko zamislite kot laboratorij.
03:45
You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it.
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Ne veste, kaj se bodo otroci naučili iz igre z njim.
03:47
You know, let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,
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Dopustite jim, da z njim ravnajo po svojih predstavah in lahko ste prepričani,
03:53
they're going to learn things
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da se bodo naučili stvari,
03:55
that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.
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ki se jih ne da naučiti z igračami Dore Raziskovalke.
04:01
Number two -- own a pocketknife.
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Drugič - lasten žepni nož.
04:04
Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,
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Žepni noži počasi izginjajo iz naše kulturne zavesti,
04:09
which I think is a terrible thing.
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kar se mi zdi grozno.
04:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:15
Your first -- your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given.
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Prvi žepni nož je prvo univerzalno orodje, ki ga dobiš v roke.
04:20
You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,
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Saj veste: je lopatica, je kljukec,
04:23
it's a screwdriver and it's a blade.
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je izvijač in je rezilo.
04:26
And it's a -- it's a powerful and empowering tool.
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In je močno orodje, ki omogoča marsikaj.
04:31
And in a lot of cultures they give knives --
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V mnogih kulturah dajejo nože...
04:34
like, as soon as they're toddlers they have knives.
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... praktično takoj, ko shodiš, dobiš nož.
04:36
These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber.
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To so inuitski otroci, ki režejo kitovo tolščo.
04:40
I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,
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To sem prvič videl v Filmskem svetu Kanade, ko sem jih imel 10,
04:44
and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives.
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in prizori otrok, ki se igrajo z noži, so name naredili izjemen vtis.
04:48
And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self
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Taka igra pokaže, da otroci lahko dobijo poglobljen občutek sebe
04:52
through a tool at a very young age.
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prav prek uporabe takega orodja v zelo zgodnjem obdobju.
04:54
You lay down a couple of very simple rules --
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Če jim postavite nekaj preprostih pravil -
04:57
always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it
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- vedno reži stran od sebe, pazi, da bo rezilo ostro, nikoli ne reži na silo -
05:02
-- and these are things kids can understand and practice with.
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- to otroci razumejo in potem tudi upoštevajo.
05:05
And yeah, they're going to cut themselves.
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In ja, seveda se bodo porezali.
05:06
I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself.
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Sam imam nekaj groznih brazgotin na nogi - zabodel sem sam sebe.
05:10
But you know, they're young. They heal fast.
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Vendar, veste, mladi so. Hitro se zacelijo.
05:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh).
05:16
Number three -- throw a spear.
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Tretjič - metanje kopja.
05:19
It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things
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Izkazalo se je, da so naši možgani narejeni za metanje stvari
05:23
and, like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,
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in če - tako kot mišice - ne uporabljaš določenih delov možganov,
05:28
they tend to atrophy over time.
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ti sčasoma atrofirajo.
05:31
But when you exercise them,
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Če pa jih vadiš,
05:34
any given muscle adds strength to the whole system
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vsaka mišica prispeva k moči celotnega sistema.
05:36
and that applies to your brain too.
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To velja tudi za možgane.
05:39
So practicing throwing things has been shown to
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Raziskave so pokazale, da ukvarjanje z metanjem stvari
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stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes,
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stimulira čelni in temenski reženj,
05:46
which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,
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ki določata ostrino vida, dojemanje prostora
05:51
and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense --
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in strukturno reševanje problemov.
05:56
it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.
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Metanje stvari pomaga otrokom razviti veščino vizualizacije in sposobnost predvidevanja.
06:01
And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill,
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Metanje je kombinacija analitičnih in telesnih veščin,
06:06
so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training.
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zato je blagodejno v smislu treninga celega telesa.
06:10
These kinds of target-based practice also
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Vadbe, ki temeljijo na ciljanju tarče, otrokom pomagajo
06:16
helps kids develop attention and concentration skills.
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razvijati tudi pozornost in zbranost.
06:21
So those are great.
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Zato so super!
06:23
Number four -- deconstruct appliances.
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Četrtič - razstavljanje naprav.
06:27
There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher.
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Kopica zanimivih stvari je v drobovju vašega pomivalnega stroja.
06:31
Next time you're about to throw out an appliance, don't throw it out.
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Ko boste naslednjič stran metali kakšno napravo, je ne vrzite stran.
06:36
Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school
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Razstavite jo s svojim otrokom ali pa jo pošljite v mojo šolo
06:39
and we'll take it apart with them.
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in jo bomo mi razstavili.
06:41
Even if you don't know what the parts are,
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Tudi če ne veste, kaj točno so posamezni deli,
06:43
puzzling out what they might be for
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je ugibanje o njihovi pravi funkciji
06:46
is a really good practice for the kids
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lahko za otroke odlična vaja.
06:49
to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,
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Tako dobijo občutek, da lahko razstavijo stvari
06:55
and no matter how complex they are,
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in ne glede na njihovo kompleksnost
06:57
they can understand parts of them and that means that eventually,
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razumejo posamezne dele. To pomeni, da bodo nekoč
07:01
they can understand all of them.
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razumeli tudi celoto.
07:03
It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable.
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To je spoznanje, da je nekaj mogoče vedeti.
07:07
So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted
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Te črne skrinjice, s katerimi živimo in jih imamo za samoumevne,
07:10
are actually complex things made by other people
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so v resnici kompleksne stvari, ki so jih naredili drugi ljudje
07:14
and you can understand them.
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in jih lahko tudi razumemo.
07:16
Number five -- two-parter.
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Petič - dve stvari.
07:20
Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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Prekršite Zakon o digitalnih avtorskih pravicah.
07:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:25
There are laws beyond safety regulations
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Obstajajo zakoni onstran varnostnih predpisov,
07:28
that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things
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ki nas skušajo omejevati pri interakciji s stvarmi,
07:31
that we own -- in this case, digital media.
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ki so naša last - v tem primeru digitalni mediji.
07:34
It's a very simple exercise -- buy a song on ITunes, write it to a CD,
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To je preprosta vaja: kupite pesem na iTunesih, zapišite jo na CD,
07:41
then rip the CD to an MP3 and play it on your very same computer.
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zripajte pesem s CDja v MP3 in jo predvajajte na računalniku.
07:44
You've just broken a law.
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Pravkar ste naredili prekršek.
07:46
Technically the RIAA can come and persecute you.
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Združenje ameriških glasbenih založb vas lahko začne preganjati.
07:50
It's an important lesson for kids to understand --
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Za otroke je to pomembna lekcija -
07:52
that some of these laws get broken by accident
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da nekatere zakone prekršimo po nesreči in
07:56
and that laws have to be interpreted.
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da moramo zakone vedno interpretirati.
07:58
And it's something we often talk about with the kids
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O tem z otroki pogosto govorimo, ko
08:01
when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open
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se igračkamo z napravami in jih odpiramo,
08:05
and taking them apart and using them for other things --
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razstavimo in dele uporabimo za kaj drugega -
08:08
and also when we go out and drive a car.
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in tudi vedno, ko gremo vozit avto.
08:14
Driving a car is a -- is a really empowering act for a young child,
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Vožnja avtomobila majhnemu otroku da občutek moči
08:18
so this is the ultimate.
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in to je ultimativno.
08:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:22
For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law,
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Tudi če vam misel na kršenje zakonov ni prijetna,
08:26
you can drive a car with your child.
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lahko s svojim otrokom vozite avto.
08:29
This is -- this is a great stage for a kid.
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To je za otroka izjemen dosežek.
08:32
This happens about the same time
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Zgodi se v približno istem času,
08:34
that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,
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ko začnejo dojemati stvari, kot so dinozavri,
08:37
these big things in the outside world
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te velike stvari v zunanjem svetu,
08:39
that they're trying to get a grip on.
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ki jih morajo zapopasti.
08:41
A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it.
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Avto je podobna stvar - in v avto se lahko vsedejo in ga vozijo.
08:46
And that's a really, like -- it gives them a handle on a world
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To je kot bi ... jim dali dostop do sveta
08:50
in a way that they wouldn't -- that they don't often have access to.
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na način, ki jim ni pogosto na voljo.
08:55
So -- and it's perfectly legal.
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No - in je popolnoma legalno.
08:57
Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it
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Poiščite veliko prazno območje ali parkirišče, prepričajte se, da je res prazno
08:59
and it's on private property, and let them drive your car.
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in da je zasebna lastnina: in tam dovolite otroku voziti avto.
09:03
It's very safe actually.
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To je pravzaprav zelo varno.
09:05
And it's fun for the whole family.
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In zabavno za vso družino.
09:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:09
So, let's see.
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No, da vidimo.
09:11
I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.
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Zdi se mi, da smo na koncu. To je številka pet in pol. OK.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gever Tulley - TinkererThe founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids.
Why you should listen
Gever Tulley writes the best Twitters: Just landed my paraglider in an empty field behind Santa 8arbara. ... Making amazing tshirts with a laser cutter at the maker faire in austin. ... Washing fruit, putting sheets on bunkbeds, and grinding up aluminum foil in a cheap blender ... Updating the school blog, trying to figure out how many cubic feet of air are in a 5 gallon cylinder at 200 PSI. ... Trying to figure out if the tinker kids are going to be able to get molten iron from magnetite sand ...
A software engineer, Gever Tulley is the co-founder of the Tinkering School, a weeklong camp where lucky kids get to play with their very own power tools. He's interested in helping kids learn how to build, solve problems, use new materials and hack old ones for new purposes. He's also a certified paragliding instructor.
Gever Tulley | Speaker | TED.com