TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser ja tema säästukülmik
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Adam Grosser räägib projektist, kuidas ehitada külmik, mis töötab ilma elektrita, ja tuua see elutähtis vahend küladesse ja kliinikutesse üle maailma. Olles kohendanud mõnda vana tehnoloogiat, on ta välja tulnud süsteemiga, mis töötab.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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See on töö, mis alles käib,
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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ja mis sai alguse paarist kommentaarist, mis tehti
00:19
at TED two years ago
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TEDis kaks aastat tagasi
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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vaktsiini hoiustamise vajaduse kohta.
00:24
(Music)
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(Muusika)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[Sellel planeedil]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[1,6 miljardil inimesel]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[ei ole elektrit]
00:30
refrigeration
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[külmikuid]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[ega ladustatud kütust]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[see on probleem]
00:40
It impacts:
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[see mõjutab]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[haiguste levikut]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[toidu ja medikamentide ladustamist]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ja elukvaliteeti]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[Seega plaan on siin: odav külmutussüsteem, mis ei kasuta elektrit...]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[... propaani, maagaasi, petrooleumi ega teisi tarbekütuseid]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[nüüd on aeg rääkida termodünaamikast]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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[ja loost, mis räägib absorptsioonkülmikust]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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Umbes 29 aastat tagasi oli mul termodünaamika õpetaja,
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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kes rääkis absorptsioonist ja külmutamisest.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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See oli üks neist asjadest, mis mulle hästi meelde jäid.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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See oli paljuski nagu stirlingmootor:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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see oli äge, aga sa ei osanud selle teadmisega palju peale hakata.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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Selle leiutas 1858. aastal Ferdinand Carre,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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aga ka tema ei suutnud tegelikult sellest midagi kasulikku teha,
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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kuna sel ajal kasutada olevad tööriistad seda lihtsalt ei võimaldanud.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Üks hull kanadalane Powell Crosley
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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tõi turule asja, mida ta nimetas Jääpalliks (Icyball), 1928
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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ja see oli tõesti tore mõte
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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ja ma peagi selgitan, miks see siis ei töötanud,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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aga nüüd ma näitan kuidas see töötab.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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On kaks ühendatud kera, mis seisavad üksteisest eemal.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Ühes neist on vedelik, ammoniaagi lahus
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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ja teine on kondensaator.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Üht poolt kuumutades, soojemast poolest
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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aurustub ammoniaak
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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ja kondenseerub teisele poolele.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Tuues nõu tagasi toatemperatuurile
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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ammoniaak aurustub taas ja lahustub vees
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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sel poolel, kus ta varem oli ning
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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seeläbi tekitab tugeva külmutava efekti.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Seega oli see tore idee, mis ei töötanud üldse: see plahvatas.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Ammoniaagi kasutamisel tekib anumasse valel kuumutamisel
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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tohutu kõrge rõhk.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Rõhk tõusis kuni 30 atm. Kusjuures ammoniaak on ju mürgine ja plahvatuses lendus seda igale poole.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Kuid see oli siiski huvitav mõte.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Nii, hea asi 2006. aasta juures on see,
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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et on võimalik teha palju väga suurepäraseid arvutusi.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Seega kaasasime me terve termodünaamika osakonna
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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Stanfordi ülikoolis.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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See tähendas rohkelt arvustusi vedelike dünaamika kohta.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Ja me tõestasime, et enamik ammoniaagi külmutamise tabeleid on valed.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Me leidsime mõningaid mittemürgiseid külmutusaineid,
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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mis töötasid väga madalal rõhul.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Kaasasime meeskonna Suurbritanniast,
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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kusjuures tuli välja, et Suurbritannias on palju
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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andekaid külmutusala inimesi,
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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ja ehitasime testseadme ning tõestasime,
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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et võime teha madalal rõhul toimiva mittetoksilise külmutaja.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Seega, nii see siis töötabki.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Sa paned selle anuma tulele.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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Enamikul inimestel on söögi tegemiseks võimalus teha tuld,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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ükskõik siis kas kaamelisõnnikust või puuhalgudest.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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See soojeneb umbes 30 minutit ja jahtub umbes tund.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Pannes selle konteinerisse
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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külmutab see 24 tundi.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Ja see näeb välja selline. See siin on viies prototüüp, kuid see pole päris valmis.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Kaalub see umbes 3,6 kg ja nii see töötabki.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Sa paned selle 15 liitrisesse nõusse, ümbes kolm gallonit
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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ja see jahtub maha peaaegu jäätumiseni,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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see tähendab 3 plusskraadini
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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ja seda terveks ööpäevaks 30 kraadise õhutemperatuuri tingimustes. See on tõesti odav.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Suurtes kogustes suudaksime neid toota umbes 25 dollari eest,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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väiksemates kogustes umbes 40 dollari eest.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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Me arvame, et me saame muuta külmutamise
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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millekski selliseks, mis on kõigile kättesaadav.
03:22
Thank you.
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Aitäh!
03:23
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com