TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser dan peti sejuknya yang bertahan lama.
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Adam Grosser berbicara tentang suatu projek untuk membina sebuah peti sejuk yang boleh berfungsi tanpa tenaga elektrik dan membawa peti sejuk tersebut ke perkampungan serta klinik serata dunia. Dengan mengubah suai beberapa teknologi lama, dia telah berjaya mencipta satu sistem yang berfungsi.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Ini masih dalam proses penyelidikan
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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berdasarkan beberapa komen yang telah diberi
00:19
at TED two years ago
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di TED dua tahun lepas
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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mengenai keperluan penyimpanan vaksin.
00:24
(Music)
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(Lagu dimainkan)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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Di planet ini
00:26
1.6 billion people
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1.6 bilion orang
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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tiada kemudahan bekalan elektrik
00:30
refrigeration
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pendinginan
00:34
or stored fuels.
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atau sumber tenaga tersimpan
00:38
This is a problem.
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ini suatu masalah
00:40
It impacts:
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kesannya:
00:44
the spread of disease,
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penyebaran penyakit
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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penyimpanan makanan dan ubat-ubatan
00:49
and the quality of life.
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dan kualiti hidup
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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jadi inilah pelannya: pendinginan murah yang tidak menggunakan tenaga elektrik...
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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...propana, gas, kerosin atau apa sahaja yang diguna habis
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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masa untuk bercerita tentang ilmu termodinamik
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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Dan perihal Peti Sejuk Penyerap Berjeda
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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29 tahun yang lepas, guru termo saya
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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berbicara mengenai penyerapan dan pendinginan.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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Bicaranya itu terngiang-ngiang dalam fikiran saya.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Fungsinya banyak persamaan dengan Enjin Stirling:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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ia hebat tetapi kita tidak tahu apa gunanya.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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Ia dicipta pada tahun 1858 oleh Ferdinand Carre,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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tetapi dia tidak dapat mencipta apa-apa dengannya
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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kerana keadaan peralatan pada zaman tersebut.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Kemudian seorang warga Kanada bernama Powell Crosly
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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mengkomersilkan Icyball pada tahun 1928,
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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dan ia merupakan suatu idea yang bernas,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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dan saya akan menceritakan mengapa ia tidak berfungsi,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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tetapi begini caranya ia patut berfungsi.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Terdapat dua sfera dan ia dipisahkan.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Satu sfera mempunyai cecair, air dan ammonia,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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dan yang satu lagi ialah kondensernya.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Kita panaskan satu bahagian, iaitu bahagian yang panas.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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Ammonia itu mengewap
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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dan ia memeluwap semula pada bahagian yang satu lagi.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Ia dibiarkan sejuk pada suhu bilik,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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selepas itu, apabila ammonia memeluwap semula dan bercampur dengan air
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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balik kepada bahagian yang panas tadi,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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ia menghasilkan kesan penyejukan yang hebat.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Ia satu idea yang bernas tetapi tidak berfungsi langsung: ia telah meletup.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Ini kerana dengan menggunakan ammonia, kita dapat tekanan yang amat tinggi
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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jika tersilap dalam memanaskannya.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Ia dapat melebihi 400 psi. Ammonia itu toksik. Ia memercik-mercik.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Tetapi ia tetap satu idea yang bernas.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Jadi, yang bagusnya tentang tahun 2006 ini
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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terdapat banyak kerja pengiraan yang boleh dilakukan.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Jadi kami telah melibatkan semua warga jabatan termodinamik
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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di Stanford.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Dengan menggunakan pengiraan dinamik bendalir.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Kami membuktikan bahawa kebanyakan carta pendinginan ammonia adalah salah.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Kami mendapati beberapa bahan penyejuk tidak toksik
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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yang berfungsi pada tekanan wap yang sangat rendah.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Kami menjemput pasukan dari United Kingdom --
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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terdapat ramai pakar pendinginan,
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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rupanya, di UK --
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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dan membina rig ujian, dan membuktikan bahawa
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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kita boleh mencipta peti sejuk bertekanan rendah serta tidak toksik.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Inilah caranya ia berfungsi.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Kamu letakkanya di atas api masak.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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Kebanyakan orang menggunakan api masak di dunia,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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tidak kira sama ada dengan menggunakan najis unta ataupun kayu.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Ia menjadi panas selama 30 minit, menyejuk selama sejam.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Diletakkan di dalam bekas
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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dan ia akan mendingin selama 24 jam.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Rupanya seperti ini. Ini prototaip kelima. Ia masih belum siap sepenuhnya.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Beratnya lapan paun, dan ia berfungsi begini.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Kita masukkannya ke dalam bejana 15-liter, lebih kurang tiga gelen,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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dan ia akan menyejuk sehingga hampir takat beku,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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tiga darjah di atas takat sejuk beku,
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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selama 24 jam di persekitaran 30 darjah Celcius. Ia sangat murah.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Kami rasa ia boleh dikilang dalam jumlah yang besar pada harga lebih kurang 25 dollar,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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atau dalam jumlah yang kecil pada harga 40 dollar.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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Dan kami percaya bahawa pendinginan
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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adalah sesuatu yang semua orang boleh miliki.
03:22
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com