TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Adam Grosser sy ny fampangatsiahana maharitra
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Adam Grosser dia hiresaka amintsika tetikasa fanamboarana vata fampangatsiahana tsy mampiasa herinaratra, ary hamatsy io fitaovana io amin'ireo tanàna sy ireo hopitaly samihafa eto an-tany. Avy amin'ny fandalinana teknolojia efa taloha be tany, dia nahaforona fitaovana mandeha izy.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Tetikasa an-dalam-panatanterahana izy ity
00:16
based on some comments that were made
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izay niainga tamin'ny fanehoan-kevitra voaray
00:19
at TED two years ago
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nandritra ny zaikabe TED tamin'ny 2 taona lasa,
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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momban'ny fitehirizana ireo vaksiny.
00:24
(Music)
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(Mozika)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
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[Eto amin'ity planeta ity]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[izay misy olona 1.6 lavitrisa]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
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[tsy manana herinaratra]
00:30
refrigeration
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[tsy manana vata fampangatsiahana]
00:34
or stored fuels.
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[na koa angovo tahiry.]
00:38
This is a problem.
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[Olana lehibe izany]
00:40
It impacts:
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[Misy fiantraikany ratsy amin'ny : ]
00:44
the spread of disease,
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[fihanak'ireo aretina maro]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
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[fitahirizana sakafo sy fanafody]
00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ary hatsaran'ny fiainana.]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
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[Ito ary ny tetika: fampangatsiahana tsy lafo sady tsy mampiasa herinaratra…]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
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[…entona fandrehitra na karazana fandoro hafa]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
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[ Fotoana hanomezako fampianarana kely momban'ny "thermodynamique" ]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
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[ sy ny tantaran'ny vata fampangatsiahana mitroka sy mihodina mitsitapitapy izao. ]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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29 taona lasa, nisy mpampianatra thermo anay
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
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niresaka fitrohana sy fampangatsiahana.
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
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Isan'ireo zavatra mbola miraikitra ato an-tsaiko izany.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Mitovitovy be amin'ny motera Stirling ilay izy:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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nahafinaritra saingy tsy hainay hoe afaka anaovana inona ilay izy.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
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I Ferdinand Carre no namorona azy io tamin'ny 1858,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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saingy tsy afaka nanamboatra zavatra avy amin'io izy
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
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noho ireo fitaovana tamin'izany vanimpotoana izany.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
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Ilay kanadiana jorery, Power Crosley dia
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
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nivarotra ity zavatra antsoina hoe Icyball ity tamin'ny 1928,
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
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hevitra tena maranitra izy ity,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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ka hazavaiko anareo ny antony tsy nahatafita azy,
01:32
but here's how it works.
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kanefa asehoko etoana aloha ny fomba fiasany.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Misy bola roa mifampihataka lavitra.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Ny iray dia ranoka miasa izay ahitana rano sy "ammoniaque"
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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ary ny ilany hafa kosa dia kadobo (condensateur).
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Hafanaina ny ilany, ilay ilany mafana.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
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Mietona ny "ammoniaque"
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
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ary mifampifanizina ny andaniny.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Avela hangatsiaka amin'ny mari-pana tsotra, avy eo,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
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mandritra ny fientonan'ny ammoniaque sy ny fifangaroany amin'ny rano
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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amin'ilay ilany nafana teo aloha iny,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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manome vokatra mampangatsiaka tena mahery ilay izy.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
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Hevitra tena tsara izay tsy nandeha akory: nipoaka mihitsy ary.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
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Ahazoana tsindrin-drivotra mahery ny ammoniaque
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
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rehefa hafanaina tsara.
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
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Nahatratra 400psi izany. Ny ammoniaque dia poizina. Ka niparitaka be ilay izy.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Saingy lazaiko hatrany fa hevitra mahaliana ilay izy.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
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Tamin'ny taona 2006,
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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afaka miroso amin'izay ny andrana vokatrin'ny fandrosoan'ny haikajy.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
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Nasaina nandray anjara ny sampana thermodynamique rehetra
02:19
at Stanford involved --
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tao Stanford.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Niasa be momban'ny "dynamique des fluides" tamin'ny solosaina izahay.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Voaporofonay fa ny ankamaroan'ny teknika fampangatsiahana ny ammoniaque dia diso.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
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Nahita singa fampangatsihana tsy poiziny izahay
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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ka afaka miasa amin'ny tsindrin-drivotra ambany.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
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Niantso ekipa avy any Englandy izahay --
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
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Tany tsinona no ahitana olona mahay
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
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io resaka fampangatsiahana io --
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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ary nanamboatra toera fanaovana andrana izahay ary nanaporofo fa azo atao
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
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ny manamboatra vata fampatsiahana tsy misy poizina amin'ny tsindry ambany.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
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Toy izao ny fiasany.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Apetraka eo amin'ny afo ketrika.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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Ny ankamaroan'ny olona izao dia mampiasa afo fahandroana,
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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na avy amin'ny tain-drameva na kitay io.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Avela hafana mandritra ny 30 minitra ka avela hangatsika adiny iray avy eo.
02:50
Put it into a container
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Apetraka ao anaty tavy
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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ary avela hangatsiaka mandritra ny 24 ora.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
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Ohatran'ity ilay izy. Ito zao no santiona fahadimy. Mbola tsy vita tanteraka ito.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Milanga 3,6 kg ary toy izao indray ny fiasany:
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Apetraka ao anaty tavy 15 litatra,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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ary mangatsiaka ho azy hatramin'ny mari-pàna miteraka ranomandry ilay izy,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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ventin-drefy telo miiba ny aotra.
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
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Atao mandritra ny 24 ora sy ao anaty tontolo 30 ventin-drefy Celsius. Tena mora vidy izy ity.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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Mieritreritra hamokatra betsaka izahay izay hamidy 25 dolara,
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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ary karazany hafa amin'ny vidiny 40 dolara.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
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Ny tanjonay dia afaka hampangatsiaka
03:21
something that everybody can have.
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ny olona rehetra tsy ankanavaka.
03:22
Thank you.
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Misaotra indrindra.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Tehaka mirefodrefotra)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com