TED2007
Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines
Ādams Grosers: Pārnēsājams ledusskapis vakcīnām
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
973,042 views
Ādams Grosers stāsta par projektu — izveidot ledusskapi, kas darbotos bez elektrības un ciematiem un klīnikām visā pasaulē sniegtu šo dzīvībai nozīmīgo ierīci. Piekoriģējot vecu tehnoloģiju, viņš izdomā sistēmu, kas strādā.
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalist
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Adam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
This is a work in process,
0
1000
3000
Tas vēl tikai top,
00:16
based on some comments that were made
1
4000
3000
balstoties uz pirms 2 gadiem
00:19
at TED two years ago
2
7000
1000
TED izteiktajiem komentāriem
00:20
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
3
8000
4000
par vakcīnu uzglabāšanas vajadzību.
00:24
(Music)
4
12000
1000
(Mūzika)
00:25
(Video) Narrator: On this planet,
5
13000
1000
[Uz šīs planētas]
00:26
1.6 billion people
6
14000
2000
[1,6 miljardiem cilvēku]
00:28
don't have access to electricity,
7
16000
2000
[nav pieejas elektrībai,]
00:30
refrigeration
8
18000
4000
[dzesēšanas ierīcēm]
00:34
or stored fuels.
9
22000
2000
[vai uzglabājamai degvielai.]
00:38
This is a problem.
10
26000
2000
[Tā ir problēma,]
00:40
It impacts:
11
28000
2000
[kas ietekmē:]
00:44
the spread of disease,
12
32000
2000
[slimību izplatību,]
00:46
the storage of food and medicine
13
34000
3000
[pārtikas un zāļu uzglabāšanu,]
00:49
and the quality of life.
14
37000
3000
[un dzīves kvalitāti.]
00:52
So here's the plan: inexpensive refrigeration that doesn't use electricity,
15
40000
3000
[Lūk, mūsu plāns: lēta dzesēšanas ierīce,
kurai nevajag elektrību,]
kurai nevajag elektrību,]
00:55
propane, gas, kerosene or consumables.
16
43000
5000
[propānu, gāzi, petroleju vai citus izlietojamos resursus.]
01:00
Time for some thermodynamics.
17
48000
2000
[Laiks termodinamikai.]
01:02
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator.
18
50000
3000
[Un stāstam par Intermitējošās absorbcijas dzesētāju.]
01:05
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
19
53000
3000
Pirms 29 gadiem man bija kāds termo skolotājs,
01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration.
20
57000
1000
kurš runāja par absorbciju un dzesēšanu
01:10
It's one of those things that stuck in my head.
21
58000
2000
Tā bija viena no lietām, kas aizķērās manā galvā.
01:12
It was a lot like the Stirling engine:
22
60000
1000
Tas bija kā Stirlinga dzinējs:
01:13
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
23
61000
2000
tas bija foršs, bet nevarēja saprast, ko ar to iesākt.
01:16
And it was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carre,
24
64000
3000
To 1858. gadā izgudroja Ferdinands Kare,
01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
25
67000
1000
taču viņš ar to neko nevarēja izveidot,
01:20
because of the tools of the time.
26
68000
3000
tā laika instrumentu dēļ.
01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley
27
71000
3000
Šis trakais kanādietis vārdā Povels Kroslijs
01:27
commercialized this thing called the IcyBall in 1928,
28
75000
2000
1928. gadā to komercializēja un nosauca par „Icyball”,
01:29
and it was a really neat idea,
29
77000
2000
un tā bija ļoti laba ideja,
01:31
and I'll get to why it didn't work,
30
79000
1000
es tūlīt paskaidrošu, kādēļ tas nestrādāja.
01:32
but here's how it works.
31
80000
1000
Taču vispirms izstāstīšu, kā tā darbojas.
01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
32
82000
2000
Ir divas lodes un tās šķir noteikts attālums.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
33
84000
2000
Vienā ir darba šķidrums, ūdens un amonjaks
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
34
87000
1000
un otra ir kondensators.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
35
88000
2000
Uzkarsē vienu — karsto pusi.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates
36
90000
1000
Amonjaks iztvaiko
01:43
and it re-condenses in the other side.
37
91000
2000
un pārkondensējas otrā pusē.
01:46
You let it cool to room temperature,
38
94000
1000
Tam ļauj atdzist līdz istabas temperatūrai,
01:47
and then, as the ammonia re-evaporates and combines with the water
39
95000
4000
un tad, amonjakam vēlreiz pārkondensējoties atpakaļ
01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
40
99000
1000
karstajā pusē, tas sajaucas ar ūdeni,
01:52
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
41
100000
2000
radot spēcīgu dzesēšanas efektu.
01:55
So, it was a great idea that didn't work at all: it blew up.
42
103000
3000
Tā bija lieliska doma, kas nepavisam nestrādāja:
ierīce uzsprāga.
ierīce uzsprāga.
01:58
Because using ammonia you get hugely high pressures
43
106000
5000
Jo, nepareizi uzsildot amonjaku,
rodas milzīgi liels spiediens.
02:03
if you heated them wrong.
44
111000
1000
02:04
It topped 400 psi. The ammonia was toxic. It sprayed everywhere.
45
112000
4000
Tas pārsniedza 400 psi.
Amonjaks ir indīgs un izšļācās visur.
Amonjaks ir indīgs un izšļācās visur.
02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
46
116000
2000
Bet tā bija diezgan interesanta doma.
02:10
So, the great thing about 2006 is
47
118000
3000
Labākais 2006. gadā ir tas, ka
02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
48
121000
3000
visu var izskaitļot un izrēķināt.
02:16
So, we got the whole thermodynamics department
49
124000
3000
Tāpēc mēs iesaistījām visu Stenfordas
termodinamikas katedru.
termodinamikas katedru.
02:19
at Stanford involved --
50
127000
1000
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
51
128000
1000
Izskaitļojām daudzu šķidrumu dinamikas.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
52
130000
3000
Mēs pierādījām, ka vairums amonjaka dzesēšanas tabulu
bija nepareizas.
bija nepareizas.
02:25
We found some non-toxic refrigerants
53
133000
3000
Mēs atradām neindīgus dzesētājus,
02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
54
136000
1000
kas darbojas ļoti zemā tvaika spiedienā.
02:29
Brought in a team from the U.K. --
55
137000
3000
Uzaicinājām komandu no Anglijas, kā izrādās,
02:32
there's a lot of great refrigeration people,
56
140000
1000
02:33
it turned out, in the U.K. --
57
141000
2000
Anglijā ir daudz termodinamikas speciālistu.
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
58
143000
2000
Mēs izgatavojām paraugmodeli un pierādījām, ka
02:37
we could make a low pressure, non-toxic refrigerator.
59
145000
3000
ir iespējams izgatavot zemspiediena un neindīgu dzesētāju.
02:41
So, this is the way it works.
60
149000
1000
Tas darbojas šādi.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
61
150000
1000
To uzliek uz uguns.
02:43
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
62
151000
2000
Vairumam cilvēku pasaulē ir pieejama uguns, vienalga
02:45
whether it's camel dung or wood.
63
153000
1000
vai to kurina ar kamieļu mēsliem vai malku.
02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
64
155000
3000
Tā silst apmēram 30 minūtes un atdziest apmēram stundu.
02:50
Put it into a container
65
158000
2000
To ieliek tvertnē
02:53
and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
66
161000
2000
un tas dzesēs 24 stundas.
02:55
It looks like this. This is the fifth prototype. It's not quite done.
67
163000
3000
Tas izskatās apmēram šādi.
Lūk, piektais prototips, kas vēl nav gluži pabeigts.
Lūk, piektais prototips, kas vēl nav gluži pabeigts.
02:59
Weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
68
167000
3000
Sver apmēram trīsarpus kilogramus un strādā šādi:
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
69
170000
3000
To ievieto 15 litru traukā, kas ir apmēram trīs galoni,
03:06
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
70
174000
2000
un tas atdzisīs gandrīz līdz nullei,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
71
176000
1000
trīs grādus virs sasalšanas,
03:10
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment. It's really cheap.
72
178000
3000
24 stundas 30 C' grādu vidē. Tas ir ļoti lēts.
03:13
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
73
181000
3000
Mūsuprāt, mēs to lielos apjomos
varam izgatavot par 25 dolāriem
varam izgatavot par 25 dolāriem
03:16
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
74
184000
2000
un mazos apjomos par 40 dolāriem.
03:18
And we think we can make refrigeration
75
186000
2000
Un, mūsuprāt, mēs varam izgatavot dzesēšanas ierīces,
03:21
something that everybody can have.
76
189000
1000
kas būtu pieejamas visiem.
03:22
Thank you.
77
190000
1000
Paldies.
03:23
(Applause)
78
191000
3000
(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Grosser - Venture capitalistAdam Grosser is a general partner at Foundation Capital -- and a refrigeration visionary.
Why you should listen
Adam Grosser is a venture capitalist, working with startups that are exploring new ideas in data communications, electronics and energy management. With a background in engineering and entertainment, he enjoys looking for opportunities that map over a few of his passions -- which also include greentech.
His passion for a sustainable solution to refrigeration -- for storing food and medicines -- led to the project he describes in his 2007 TEDTalk.
Adam Grosser | Speaker | TED.com