Yuval Noah Harari: Why fascism is so tempting -- and how your data could power it
Yuval Noah Harari: Miksi fasismi on niin houkuttelevaa -- ja miten tietosi saattaa voimistaa sitä
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that humans will become digital,
tulee digitaalisia,
näin nopeasti,
avatarina,
in the audience today?
tänään?
väärinkäyttöä.
nationalismiin.
to clarify what fascism actually is,
selventääksemme, mitä fasismi tarkoittaa,
have been among the most benevolent
kuuluvat ihmisten luomuksista
of millions of strangers
the eight million people
niitä kahdeksaa miljoonaa ihmistä,
and cooperate effectively.
ja toimia tehokkaasti yhdessä.
imagine that without nationalism,
kuvittelevat, että ilman kansallistunnetta
we would have been living in tribal chaos.
ilman kansallistunnetta.
and peaceful countries in the world,
vauraimpia ja rauhanomaisimpia,
and Switzerland and Japan,
a very strong sense of nationalism.
vahva kansallistunne.
a strong sense of nationalism,
on heikko,
is it different from nationalism?
eroaa kansallisuusaatteesta?
that my nation is unique,
että kotimaani on ainutlaatuinen,
towards my nation.
kansaani kohtaan.
that my nation is supreme,
kansani on kaikkien yläpuolella,
obligations towards it.
sitä kohtaan.
or anything other than my nation.
tai mistään kansani ulkopuolisesta.
people have many identities
useita identiteettejä,
loyal to my country,
uskollinen maalleni,
be loyal to my family,
uskollinen perheelleni,
identities and loyalties,
ja sitoumuksia,
and complications.
that life was easy?
elämä olisi helppoa?
to ignore the complications
sivuuttavat monimutkaisuuden,
except the national identity
paitsi kansallisidentiteetin, ja väittää,
only towards my nation.
ainoastaan omaa kansaani kohtaan.
that I sacrifice my family,
uhraan perheeni,
that I kill millions of people,
tapan miljoonia ihmisiä,
that I betray truth and beauty,
hylkään totuuden ja kauneuden,
ja kauneus.
a fascist evaluate art?
taidetta?
is a good movie or a bad movie?
onko elokuva hyvä vai huono?
the interests of the nation,
kansakunnan etuja,
the interests of the nation,
kansakunnan etua,
what to teach kids in school?
mitä opettaa lapsille koulussa?
the interests of the nation.
kansakunnan etuja.
and of the Holocaust remind us
holokausti muistuttavat meille
of this way of thinking.
seurauksista.
about the ills of fascism,
as a hideous monster,
kammottavana hirviönä,
what was so seductive about it.
niin viettelee.
that depict the bad guys --
jotka kuvaavat pahoja tyyppejä --
or Darth Vader --
tai Darth Vader --
to their own supporters.
omille tukijoilleen.
I never understand --
en koskaan ymmärrä --
a disgusting creep like Voldemort?
kaltaista iljettävää hyypiötä.
is that in real life,
näytä rumalta.
Christianity knew very well,
as [opposed to] Hollywood,
toisin kuin Hollywoodissa,
as a gorgeous hunk.
adoniksena.
to resist the temptations of Satan,
Saatanan viettelyksiä,
to resist the temptations of fascism.
fasismin houkutuksia.
yhteenkuuluvuutta
and most important thing in the world --
asian kanssa --
that fascism is ugly.
fasismi on rumaa.
I see something very beautiful,
jotain hyvin kaunista,
than you really are.
oikeasti olet.
looked in the fascist mirror,
1930-luvulla,
beautiful thing in the world.
asiana maan päällä.
in the fascist mirror,
fasismin peiliin,
beautiful thing in the world.
kauneimpana asiana.
in the fascist mirror,
fasismin peiliin,
beautiful thing in the world.
kauneimpana maailmassa.
facing a rerun of the 1930s.
palaamassa 1930-luvulle.
tulla takaisin,
of the 21st century.
todellisuutta.
asset in the world.
maailmassa.
was the struggle to control land.
maan hallitsemiseksi.
was owned by a single ruler
maan omisti yksittäinen hallitsija
machines became more important than land.
maata tärkeämpiä.
to control the machines.
koneiden ohjaamiseksi.
became concentrated
or of a small elite.
both land and machines
to control the flows of data.
tietovirtojen hallitsemiseksi.
in the hands of the government
keskitetään hallitusten
that now faces liberal democracy
in information technology
more efficient than democracies.
kuin demokratiat.
defeated fascism and communism
fasismin ja kommunismin,
at processing data and making decisions.
käsittelyssä ja päätöksenteossa.
teknologia,
and concentrate too much data
keskittää liikaa tietoa
is always less efficient
aina tehottomampaa
and machine learning,
enormous amounts of information
tietomääriä
will be more efficient
olisi tehokkaampaa
of authoritarian regimes
hallintojärjestelmien
all the information in one place --
yhteen paikkaan --
that threatens the future of democracy
uhkaa demokratian tulevaisuutta,
with biotechnology,
yhteensulautuminen,
in the creation of algorithms
algoritmien luomiseen,
kuin minä itse.
my feelings, my emotions.
ja tunnereaktioitani.
to provide me with good health care,
minulle hyvää terveydenhuoltoa,
to survive such a development
tällaisesta kehityksestä,
on human rationality;
ihmisten rationaalisuuteen;
"What do you think?"
"Mitä mieltä olet?"
"How do you feel?"
"Miltä sinusta tuntuu?"
your emotions effectively,
tunteitasi tehokkaasti,
an emotional puppet show.
nukketeatteria.
the return of fascism
fasismin paluun
is: Who controls the data?
kuka hallitsee tietoa?
is at least as efficient
vähintään yhtä tehokasta
safeguard for democracy.
demokratialle.
who are not engineers,
insinöörejä,
ourselves to be manipulated
they have a method.
on menetelmänsä.
and hate and vanity,
turhamaisuuteemme,
democracy from within.
demokratian sisältä päin.
in order to sell us products.
myydäkseen meille tuotteita.
are using this very method
käyttävät tätä menetelmää
ja turhamaisuutta.
these feelings out of nothing.
näitä tunteita tyhjästä.
preexisting weaknesses.
olemassa olevat heikkoutemme.
the responsibility of all of us
do not become a weapon
of the fascist mirror.
fasistisen peilin ansan.
fascism exploits our vanity.
käyttää hyväkseen turhamaisuuttamme.
as far more beautiful than we really are.
paljon todellista kauniimpina.
for this kind of flattery.
in front of your eyes
and makes you see yourself
ja saa sinut näkemään itsesi
and far more important
paljon tärkeämpänä
kahdesta suuresta vaarasta.
to two big dangers here.
of a seductive form of fascism,
houkuttelevassa muodossa,
that may not exactly be fascistic,
ole fasistisia,
tuoneetkin julki,
have already expressed,
but big corporations control all our data.
yritykset hallitsevat kaiken tietomme.
there isn't such a big difference
ei ole suurta eroa siinä,
and the governments,
Who controls the data?
kuka hallitsee tietoa?
or a government --
tai hallitukseksi --
and it really controls the data,
hallitsee tietoa,
is more apparent than real.
at least with corporations,
where they can be taken down.
voivat kaataa ne.
operating in their interest,
etujensa mukaisesti,
and taking down a government
hallituksen,
knows you better than you know yourself --
paremmin kuin sinä itse -- tai ainakin
your own deepest emotions and desires,
syvimpiä tunteitasi ja halujasi,
your authentic self.
you can rise against a corporation,
yhtiötä vastaan,
against a dictatorship.
nousta diktatuuria vastaan.
it is extremely difficult.
äärimmäisen vaikeaa.
that this would be the century
että tämä olisi vuosisata,
ikäänkuin jumalia,
of artificial intelligence
system shift, collapse
muutoksen, romahtamisen,
even more likely,
entistä todennäköisemmän,
that it will happen faster,
people are willing to take risks
on tapana ottaa riskejä,
high-gain technologies.
huipputeknologioita.
might serve the same function
palvella samaa asiaa
and dangerous technologies.
teknologioiden kehitystä.
in the 21st century.
a little crazy to run too fast,
tulee olla vähän hullu,
and more crazy people
hulluja ihmisiä
countries in the world,
higher, not lower.
kasvaa, ei vähene.
ainutlaatuinen visio.
you've got this unique vision.
30 vuotta.
does humanity just somehow scrape through,
selviääkö ihmiskunta nipin napin,
that was a close thing. We did it!"
läheltä piti, mutta teimme sen!"
to overcome all the previous crises.
kaikista aiemmista kriiseistämme.
at liberal democracy
ovat nyt huonosti,
things looked in 1938 or in 1968.
vuonna 1938 tai 1968.
this is just a small crisis.
vain pieniä kriisejä.
underestimate human stupidity.
ihmisen typeryyttä.
that shape history.
mikä muovaa historiaa.
to have you with us.
kun olet ollut kanssamme.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com