Yuval Noah Harari: Why fascism is so tempting -- and how your data could power it
Juvals Noa Harari: Kāpēc fašisms ir tik kārdinošs un kā to var stiprināt dati
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bio
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that humans will become digital,
rakstīju, ka cilvēki kļūs digitāli,
in the audience today?
apzīmējumu „fašists” izmanto
to clarify what fascism actually is,
lai noskaidrotu, kas īsti ir fašisms
have been among the most benevolent
labdabīgākajiem veidojumiem.
of millions of strangers
ko veido miljoniem svešinieku,
the eight million people
tos astoņus miljonus cilvēku,
and cooperate effectively.
un efektīvi sadarbojamies.
imagine that without nationalism,
iztēlojas, ka bez nacionālisma
we would have been living in tribal chaos.
mēs dzīvotu cilšu haosā.
and peaceful countries in the world,
un mierīgākajām pasaules valstīm,
and Switzerland and Japan,
a very strong sense of nationalism.
nacionālisma izjūta.
a strong sense of nationalism,
nacionālisma izjūtas trūkst,
un Afganistāna,
is it different from nationalism?
atšķiras no nacionālisma?
that my nation is unique,
ka mana nācija ir unikāla
towards my nation.
that my nation is supreme,
ka mana nācija ir pārāka
obligations towards it.
or anything other than my nation.
un ne par ko citu kā vien savu nāciju.
people have many identities
ir daudzas identitātes
loyal to my country,
lojāls pret savu valsti,
be loyal to my family,
lojāls pret savu ģimeni,
identities and loyalties,
un lojalitātes ir vairākas,
and complications.
konflikti un sarežģījumi.
that life was easy?
to ignore the complications
mēģina ignorēt sarežģīto
except the national identity
izņemot nacionālo,
only towards my nation.
tikai pret savu nāciju.
that I sacrifice my family,
that I kill millions of people,
nogalināt miljoniem cilvēku,
that I betray truth and beauty,
nodot patiesību un skaistumu,
a fascist evaluate art?
is a good movie or a bad movie?
vai filma ir laba vai slikta?
the interests of the nation,
the interests of the nation,
what to teach kids in school?
kas bērniem mācāms skolās?
the interests of the nation.
kas kalpo nācijas interesēm.
and of the Holocaust remind us
šausmas mums atgādina
of this way of thinking.
briesmīgajām sekām.
about the ills of fascism,
par fašisma ļaunumiem,
as a hideous monster,
kā derdzīgu briesmoni,
what was so seductive about it.
kas tajā bija tik vilinošs.
that depict the bad guys --
Sauronu vai Dārtu Veideru –
or Darth Vader --
to their own supporters.
pret saviem atbalstītājiem.
I never understand --
a disgusting creep like Voldemort?
tādam pretīgam riebeklim kā Voldemorts?
is that in real life,
Christianity knew very well,
as [opposed to] Hollywood,
pretstatā Holivudai,
as a gorgeous hunk.
kā ārkārtīgi pievilcīgs stiprinieks.
to resist the temptations of Satan,
ir tik grūti pretoties,
to resist the temptations of fascism.
arī fašisma kārdinājumiem.
and most important thing in the world --
un svarīgākajam pasaulē –
that fascism is ugly.
I see something very beautiful,
es redzu kaut ko ļoti skaistu,
than you really are.
nekā viņi ir patiesībā.
looked in the fascist mirror,
skatījās vācieši,
beautiful thing in the world.
kā visskaistāko pasaulē.
in the fascist mirror,
ieskatīsies krievi,
beautiful thing in the world.
redzēs Krieviju.
in the fascist mirror,
ieskatās izraēlieši,
beautiful thing in the world.
redzēs Izraēlu.
facing a rerun of the 1930s.
1930. gadu atkārtošanās priekšā.
of the 21st century.
asset in the world.
was the struggle to control land.
was owned by a single ruler
pieder vienam valdniekam
machines became more important than land.
kļuva svarīgākas par zemi.
to control the machines.
became concentrated
or of a small elite.
both land and machines
to control the flows of data.
in the hands of the government
vai nelielas elites rokās.
that now faces liberal democracy
demokrātijas drauds
in information technology
tehnoloģiju revolūcija
more efficient than democracies.
nekā demokrātijas.
defeated fascism and communism
sakāva fašismu un komunismu,
at processing data and making decisions.
un pieņemt lēmumus.
and concentrate too much data
koncentrēt pārāk daudz datu
is always less efficient
vienmēr ir neefektīvāka
and machine learning,
uzplaukums var padarīt iespējamu
enormous amounts of information
informācijas apstrādi vienuviet,
will be more efficient
nekā izkliedēta datu apstrāde.
of authoritarian regimes
galvenais trūkums –
all the information in one place --
koncentrēt vienuviet –
that threatens the future of democracy
kas apdraud demokrātijas nākotni,
with biotechnology,
un biotehnoloģiju saplūšana,
in the creation of algorithms
pie tādu algoritmu radīšanas,
my feelings, my emotions.
manām emocijām.
to provide me with good health care,
man labu veselības aprūpi,
to survive such a development
pārdzīvot šādu attīstību,
on human rationality;
uz cilvēku racionalitāti;
"What do you think?"
"How do you feel?"
your emotions effectively,
manipulēt ar jūsu emocijām,
an emotional puppet show.
par emocionālu leļļu teātri.
the return of fascism
lai novērstu fašisma atgriešanos
is: Who controls the data?
ka pārlieku daudz datu
is at least as efficient
ir vismaz tikpat efektīva
safeguard for democracy.
who are not engineers,
ourselves to be manipulated
they have a method.
ienaidniekiem ir sava metode.
and hate and vanity,
bailes, naidu un pašlepnumu –
democracy from within.
demokrātiju no iekšienes.
in order to sell us products.
lai mums pārdotu preces.
are using this very method
demokrātijas ienaidnieki,
naidu un pašlepnumu.
these feelings out of nothing.
preexisting weaknesses.
the responsibility of all of us
do not become a weapon
ka tās nekļūst par ieročiem
of the fascist mirror.
arī no fašisma spoguļa lamatām.
fascism exploits our vanity.
izmanto mūsu pašlepnumu.
as far more beautiful than we really are.
daudz skaistākus, nekā patiesībā esam.
for this kind of flattery.
in front of your eyes
and makes you see yourself
un liek savās acīs izskatīties
and far more important
to two big dangers here.
of a seductive form of fascism,
vilinoša fašisma atjaunošanās,
that may not exactly be fascistic,
kas varbūt nav gluži fašistiskas,
have already expressed,
but big corporations control all our data.
korporācijas kontrolē visus mūsu datus.
there isn't such a big difference
and the governments,
nav nemaz tik liela,
Who controls the data?
kurš kontrolē datus.
or a government --
and it really controls the data,
un tā patiešām kontrolē datus,
is more apparent than real.
vairāk šķietama nekā īsta.
at least with corporations,
where they can be taken down.
kas tās spēj ierobežot.
operating in their interest,
nedarbojas viņu interesēs,
and taking down a government
knows you better than you know yourself --
pazīst labāk nekā jūs paši,
your own deepest emotions and desires,
ar jūsu dziļākajām jūtām un vēlmēm,
your authentic self.
you can rise against a corporation,
sacelties pret korporāciju,
against a dictatorship.
sacelties pret diktatūru.
it is extremely difficult.
that this would be the century
tu apgalvo, ka šis ir gadsimts,
of artificial intelligence
system shift, collapse
maiņa, sabrukums
even more likely,
lielāku iespējamību, ka tā notiks
that it will happen faster,
people are willing to take risks
ir gatavi uzņemties risku,
high-gain technologies.
augsta ieguvuma tehnoloģijas.
might serve the same function
var veikt to pašu uzdevumu,
and dangerous technologies.
in the 21st century.
a little crazy to run too fast,
lai pārlieku skrietu uz priekšu,
and more crazy people
pie varas ir arvien vairāk traku cilvēku,
countries in the world,
higher, not lower.
you've got this unique vision.
tev ir unikāls skatījums.
does humanity just somehow scrape through,
kaut kā izķepurosies,
that was a close thing. We did it!"
„Oho, tas nu gan bija tuvu! Mums izdevās!”
to overcome all the previous crises.
izdevies krīzes pārvarēt.
at liberal democracy
uz liberālo demokrātiju,
things looked in 1938 or in 1968.
viss izskatījās 1938. vai 1968. gadā.
this is just a small crisis.
tā ir tikai maza krīze.
underestimate human stupidity.
novērtēt par zemu cilvēku stulbumu.
that shape history.
vēsturi veidojošajiem spēkiem.
to have you with us.
ka varēji mums virtuāli pievienoties.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com