Jimmy Lin: A simple new blood test that can catch cancer early
Jimmy Lin: Naujas paprastas kraujo tyrimas, leidžiantis anksti nustatyti vėžį
TED Fellow Jimmy Lin is developing technologies to catch cancer early. Full bio
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friends or loved ones
draugus ar mylimuosius
in the audience
emotions of sadness and anger and fear,
from the front lines of cancer research.
the war on cancer.
developments within cancer research.
encoded by DNA
in the DNA called mutations
to go out of control.
I was part of the team at Johns Hopkins
the mutations of cancers.
kolorektalinio,
over 90 projects in 70 countries
the genetic basis of these diseases.
genetinį pagrindą.
of cancers are understood
is precision medicine,
to be able to treat cancers,
metodo
that are able to target cancers
kuri,
genetinį rinkinį,
of these tailor-made drugs,
savo pacientams
their therapy for their patients,
is immunotherapy,
yra imunoterapija
imuninę sistemą
to leverage the immune system
where we find the off switches of cancer,
to turn the immune system back on,
where you can take away immune cells
and put them back into the body
science fiction, doesn't it?
at the National Cancer Institute,
with some of the pioneers of this field
to explore all aspects in immunotherapy.
pacientai,
imunoterapijos aspektus.
revolutions are ongoing,
with a skin cancer called melanoma.
has gone everywhere.
to map the mutations of this cancer
that targets one of the mutations.
the end of the story.
as one centimeter in diameter
different cells.
in these different cancers
to different drugs.
atskiriems vaistams.
that's highly effective,
vėžio ląsteles,
that there's a small population
skirtingų ląstelių grupė,
kuri išgyvena,
What do we do with this information?
Ką mes darome su šiais atradimais?
advancements in cancer therapy earlier,
is early detection.
results in better outcomes,
rezultatais
if you detect cancer in stage four,
survive at five years.
this cancer as early as stage one,
of women are detected at stage one,
are detected in stages three and four.
better detection mechanisms for cancers.
vėžio nustatymo mechanizmų.
fall into one of three categories.
vėžio nustatymui
for colon cancer.
like PSA for prostate cancer.
nustatyti.
krūties vėžiui.
yra aukso standartas;
infrastructure to implement.
in some populations,
nors ir yra efektyvūs
in some circumstances,
tam tikrais atvejais,
of false positives,
klaidingai teigiamų rezultatų,
and unnecessary procedures.
nereikalingi tyrimai ir procedūros.
while useful in some populations,
naudingos kai kurioms pacientų grupėms,
to all patients.
visiems pacientams.
in women with dense breasts.
moterims su tankiu krūtų liaukiniu audiniu.
that is noninvasive,
kuris būtų neinvazinis,
rezultatų galimybių,
pacientų grupėms.
to be able to detect cancers
kuris galėtų aptikti vėžį
ląstelių dydį.
giving a talk if it didn't.
jei ji neegzistuotų.
this latest technology we've developed.
apie naujausią mūsų atrastą technologiją.
is a simple blood test.
paprastas kraujo tyrimas.
while seemingly mundane,
nors atrodo gana paprasta,
and nutrients to your cells,
į jūsų ląsteles
ir anglies dvideginį iš jų.
faster than normal cells,
nei normalios ląstelės,
of these cancer cells
vėžinių ląstelių žymenis,
genome sequencing projects,
anksti.
to be large enough to cause symptoms,
onkologinės ligos išaugs rodys simptomus,
to show up on imaging,
kad išryškėtų vaizdiniuose tyrimuose,
on medical procedures,
procedūrų metu,
while they are relatively pretty small,
kol jos dar yra gana mažos,
of DNA in the blood.
kraujyje.
with a simple blood test --
pradedame nuo paprasto kraujo tyrimo –
jokios sudėtingos įrangos –
yra pristatomas mums
is extract the DNA out of it.
daugiausiai iš sveikų ląstelų,
will be from healthy cells.
bus iš sveikų ląstelių.
less than one percent,
mažiau nei 1 procentas, DNR,
to be able to enrich this DNA
metodus tam, kad išryškinti šią DNR
to be associated with cancer,
kurios yra susijusios su vėžiu,
from the cancer genomics projects.
informacija.
into DNA-sequencing machines
į DNR sekos mustatymo įrenginius,
into A's, C's, T's and G's
of billions of letters
iš milijardų raidžių,
and computational methods
ir matematinius metodus
the small signal that's present,
of cancer DNA in the blood.
kraujyje.
su realiais pacientais?
of really predicting right now
galimybės prognozuoti,
that we have today,
geriausius vaistus, turimus šiandien,
these recurrences of cancers
šiuos vėžio recidyvo atvejus
standartinius metodus.
at University College London,
profesoriumi Charles Swanton,
an example of one patient.
vieno paciento pavyzdį.
who undergoes surgery
and imaging methods.
tyrimus ir vaizdinius metodus.
the cancer comes back.
Are we able to catch this earlier?
anksčiau?
we've been collecting blood serially
periodiškai tam,
the amount of ctDNA in the blood.
kaip ir tikėtasi,
of cancer DNA in the blood.
yra aukšta.
in subsequent time points
vėžio DNR koncentracija nukrenta iki 0
after subsequent points.
laiko taškuose.
of cancer DNA in the blood,
mes matome vėžio DNR kilimą kraujyje
for days 400 and 450.
400 ir 450 dienomis.
jei nepavyko suprasti:
in the cancer DNA in the blood.
kilimą kraujyje.
over a hundred days earlier
daugiau nei 100 dienų anksčiau,
diagnostikos metodus.
where we can give therapies,
terapinį gydymą,
where we can do surgical interventions,
chirurgines intervencijas,
for the cancer to grow
mažiau vėžiui augti,
for resistance to occur.
atspatumui.
means the matter of life and death.
tai gyvybės ar mirties klausimas.
about this information.
we've done additional studies now
papildomus tyrimus
we can find these cancers.
anksčiau galime aptikti šiuos vėžius.
of our standard physical exams,
rutininių tyrimų,
2 kraujo mėgintuvėlius.
we will be able to compare
mes galėsime palyginti
signatures of cancer,
months to even years earlier.
ar netgi metais anksčiau.
gydymo priemonėmis,
of lives could be saved.
milijonus gyvybių.
recent advancements in immunotherapy
naujausius atradimus imuoterapijoje
dar vieną emociją: viltį.
are working feverishly
visame pasaulyje užsidegę dirba tam,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jimmy Lin - GeneticistTED Fellow Jimmy Lin is developing technologies to catch cancer early.
Why you should listen
C. Jimmy Lin, MD, PhD, MHS is the Chief Scientific Officer (CSO), Oncology at Natera and a TED Fellow. He comes from a long history as a pioneer in cancer genomics. Most recently, he led the clinical genomics program at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Previously, at Johns Hopkins and Washington University in St. Louis, Lin was part of one of the first clinical genomics labs in academia and led the computational analyses of the first ever exome sequencing studies in cancer, including breast, colorectal, pancreatic, glioblastoma, medulloblastoma and melanoma.
Lin has published in top academic journals, such as Science, Nature and Cell, and he has been an expert in national and international media outlets, such as New York Times, Forbes, Bloomberg Businessweek, The Washington Post, and the Financial Times.
Jimmy Lin | Speaker | TED.com