TEDGlobal 2010
Marcel Dicke: Why not eat insects?
Marcel Dicke: Prečo nejesť hmyz?
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Marcel Dicke vysvetľuje príťažlivým spôsobom, prečo pridávať hmyz do stravy každého človeka. Jeho odkaz pre vyberavých šéfkuchárov a gurmánov: delikatesy ako kobylky a húsenice sa vyrovnajú mäsu v chuti, výživovej hodnote a priateľským vzťahom k životnému prostrediu.
Marcel Dicke - Ecological entomologist
Marcel Dicke wants us to reconsider our relationship with insects, promoting bugs as a tasty -- and ecologically sound -- alternative to meat in an increasingly hungry world. Full bio
Marcel Dicke wants us to reconsider our relationship with insects, promoting bugs as a tasty -- and ecologically sound -- alternative to meat in an increasingly hungry world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Okay, I'm going to show you
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Chcel by som Vám ukázať opäť niečo
00:18
again something about our diets.
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týkajúce sa nášho stravovania.
00:21
And I would like to know what the audience is,
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A rád by som sa dozvedel, aké je moje obecenstvo.
00:24
and so who of you ever ate insects?
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Kto z vás už niekedy jedol hmyz?
00:29
That's quite a lot.
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To je dosť.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:33
But still, you're not representing
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Ale aj tak nepredstavujete
00:35
the overall population of the Earth.
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celkovú populáciu Zeme .
00:37
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
00:39
Because there's 80 percent out there that really eats insects.
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Pretože 80% obyvateľstva skutočne konzumuje hmyz.
00:42
But this is quite good.
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Ale toto je celkom dobre.
00:45
Why not eat insects? Well first, what are insects?
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Prečo by sme nemali jesť hmyz? V prvom rade, čo je to vlastne hmyz?
00:48
Insects are animals that walk around on six legs.
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Hmyz sú živočíchy, ktoré sa pohybujú na 6 nohách.
00:51
And here you see just a selection.
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A tu vidíte len výber z nich.
00:53
There's six million species of insects on this planet,
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Na tejto planéte existuje 6 miliónov druhov hmyzu,
00:56
six million species.
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6 miliónov druhov.
00:58
There's a few hundreds of mammals --
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Existuje niekoľko stoviek cicavcov a
01:00
six million species of insects.
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6 miliónov druhov hmyzu.
01:03
In fact, if we count all the individual organisms,
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V skutočnosti, ak by sme počítali všetky jednotlivé organizmy,
01:06
we would come at much larger numbers.
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prišli by sme na oveľa väčšie čísla.
01:09
In fact, of all animals on Earth,
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V podstate, zo všetkých zvierat na Zemi,
01:12
of all animal species,
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zo všetkých živočíšnych druhov,
01:14
80 percent walks on six legs.
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80% sa pohybuje na 6 nohách.
01:16
But if we would count all the individuals,
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Ale keby sme mohli spočítať všetky jedince
01:19
and we take an average weight of them,
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a určiť ich priemernú váhu,
01:21
it would amount to something like 200 to 2,000 kilograms
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bola by to hodnota približne od 200 do 2000 kg
01:24
for each of you and me on Earth.
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na každého z nás na Zemi.
01:27
That means that in terms of biomass,
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To znamená, že z pohľadu biomasy
01:29
insects are more abundant than we are,
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je viac hmyzu ako nás.
01:32
and we're not on a planet of men,
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My nežijeme na planéte ľudí,
01:34
but we're on a planet of insects.
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ale na planéte hmyzu.
01:37
Insects are not only there in nature,
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Hmyz nie je len v prírode,
01:39
but they also are involved in our economy,
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ale je tiež zahrnutý v našej ekonomike,
01:41
usually without us knowing.
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obyčajne bez toho, aby sme o tom vedeli.
01:43
There was an estimation,
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Podľa odhadu,
01:45
a conservative estimation, a couple of years ago
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konzervatívneho odhadu z pred pár rokov vieme,
01:47
that the U.S. economy
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že ekonomika Spojených štátov
01:49
benefited by 57 billion
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profitovala 57 miliardami
01:52
dollars per year.
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dolárov ročne.
01:54
It's a number -- very large --
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To číslo je – obrovské –
01:57
a contribution to the economy of the United States for free.
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príspevok do ekonomiky Spojených štátov celkom zadarmo.
02:00
And so I looked up what the economy was paying
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A tak som sa pozrel na to, čo zaplatila ekonomika
02:03
for the war in Iraq
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za vojnu v Iraku
02:05
in the same year.
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v tom istom roku.
02:07
It was 80 billion U.S. dollars.
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Bolo to 80 miliárd amerických dolárov.
02:09
Well we know that that
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Vieme,
02:11
was not a cheap war.
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že to nebola lacná vojna.
02:13
So insects, just for free,
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Takže hmyz vlastne len tak zadarmo
02:15
contribute to the economy of the United States
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prispieva do ekonomiky Spojených štátov
02:17
with about the same order of magnitude,
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s takmer rovnakou mierou výnosu,
02:20
just for free, without everyone knowing.
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zadarmo, bez toho, aby o tom niekto vedel.
02:22
And not only in the States,
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A to nielen v Spojených štátoch,
02:24
but in any country, in any economy.
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ale v ktorejkoľvek krajine, v ktorejkoľvek ekonomike.
02:26
What do they do?
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Čo vlastne robia?
02:28
They remove dung, they pollinate our crops.
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Odstraňujú trus, opeľujú naše plodiny.
02:30
A third of all the fruits that we eat
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Tretina všetkých plodín, ktoré jeme,
02:32
are all a result
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sú výsledkom toho,
02:34
of insects taking care of the reproduction of plants.
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že hmyz sa stará o reprodukciu rastlín.
02:37
They control pests,
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Eliminujú škodlivý hmyz.
02:39
and they're food for animals.
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A sú potravou pre zvieratá.
02:41
They're at the start of food chains.
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Sú na začiatku potravinového reťazca.
02:43
Small animals eat insects.
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Malé zvieratá jedia hmyz.
02:45
Even larger animals eat insects.
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Aj väčšie zvieratá jedia hmyz.
02:47
But the small animals that eat insects
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Ale malé zvieratá, ktoré jedia hmyz,
02:49
are being eaten by larger animals,
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sú požierané väčšími zvieratami
02:51
still larger animals.
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a tie ešte väčšími zvieratami.
02:53
And at the end of the food chain, we are eating them as well.
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A na konci potravinového reťazca, sme to my, kto ich jeme.
02:57
There's quite a lot of people that are eating insects.
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Je dosť veľa ľudí, ktorí jedia hmyz.
02:59
And here you see me
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A tu vidíte mňa
03:01
in a small, provincial town in China, Lijiang --
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v malom provinčnom mestečku v Číne, Lijang –
03:03
about two million inhabitants.
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s približne 2 miliónmi obyvateľov.
03:05
If you go out for dinner, like in a fish restaurant,
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Je to tak, ako keď sa vyberiete von na večeru, napr. do reštaurácie s rybacími špecialitami,
03:08
where you can select which fish you want to eat,
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kde si môžete vybrať, akú rybu chcete jesť,
03:11
you can select which insects you would like to eat.
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tak tu si vyberiete, aký hmyz chcete jesť.
03:13
And they prepare it in a wonderful way.
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Vedia to pripraviť úžasným spôsobom.
03:15
And here you see me enjoying a meal
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Tak tu ma môžete vidieť, ako si pochutnávam na jedle
03:17
with caterpillars, locusts,
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s húsenicami, kobylkami,
03:20
bee pupae -- delicacies.
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včelami a inými delikatesami.
03:23
And you can eat something new everyday.
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Každý deň môžete jesť niečo nové.
03:26
There's more than 1,000 species of insects
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Existuje viac ako 1000 druhov hmyzu,
03:29
that are being eaten all around the globe.
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ktoré sa konzumujú po celom svete.
03:32
That's quite a bit more
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Je toho oveľa viac
03:34
than just a few mammals that we're eating,
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ako len tých pár cicavcov, ktoré jeme,
03:36
like a cow or a pig
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ako napr. krava, prasa,
03:38
or a sheep.
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či ovca.
03:40
More than 1,000 species --
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Viac ako 1000 druhov –
03:42
an enormous variety.
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to je obrovská rozmanitosť.
03:45
And now you may think, okay,
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Tak a teraz si poviete, no dobre,
03:47
in this provincial town in China they're doing that, but not us.
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v tom provinčnom meste v Číne to robia, ale my to nerobíme.
03:50
Well we've seen already that quite some of you
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Ale my sme tu už videli, že niekoľko z vás
03:52
already ate insects maybe occasionally,
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možno príležitostne hmyz jedáva.
03:55
but I can tell you that every one of you
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Ale môžem Vám povedať, že každý z vás
03:57
is eating insects, without any exception.
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jedáva hmyz, bez jedinej výnimky.
04:00
You're eating at least
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Zjete minimálne
04:02
500 grams per year.
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500 gramov za rok.
04:04
What are you eating?
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Čo jete?
04:06
Tomato soup, peanut butter,
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Paradajkovú polievku, arašidové maslo,
04:08
chocolate, noodles --
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čokoládu, cestoviny -
04:10
any processed food that you're eating
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každé spracované jedlo, ktoré jete,
04:12
contains insects,
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obsahuje hmyz,
04:14
because insects are here all around us,
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pretože hmyz je všade okolo nás.
04:17
and when they're out there in nature
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A keďže je vonku v prírode,
04:19
they're also in our crops.
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je aj v našich plodinách.
04:21
Some fruits get some insect damage.
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Niektoré plodiny zvyknú byť poškodené od hmyzu.
04:24
Those are the fruits, if they're tomato,
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Sú to plodiny, či už je to paradajka,
04:26
that go to the tomato soup.
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z ktorej sa urobí paradajková polievka.
04:28
If they don't have any damage, they go to the grocery.
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Ak nie sú poškodené, idú do obchodov.
04:31
And that's your view of a tomato.
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A toto je Váš pohľad na paradajky.
04:34
But there's tomatoes that end up in a soup,
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Ale sú tu paradajky, ktoré skončia v polievke.
04:37
and as long as they meet
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Aj keď spĺňajú
04:39
the requirements of the food agency,
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požiadavky potravinárskeho priemyslu,
04:42
there can be all kinds of things in there,
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vo vnútri môže byť všeličo,
04:44
no problem.
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bez problému.
04:46
In fact, why would we put these balls in the soup,
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V podstate, prečo by sme mali dávať tieto loptičky do polievky,
04:49
there's meat in there anyway?
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keď je už v nich mäso?
04:51
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
04:55
In fact, all our processed foods
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V skutočnosti, každé naše spracované jedlo
04:57
contain more proteins
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obsahuje viac proteínov,
04:59
than we would be aware of.
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ako si môžeme myslieť.
05:03
So anything is a good protein source already.
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Takže všetko je hneď zdrojom proteínov.
05:06
Now you may say,
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Teraz by ste mohli povedať,
05:08
"Okay, so we're eating 500 grams just by accident."
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„Ok, takže zjeme 500 gramov len tak náhodou.“
05:11
We're even doing this on purpose.
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Robíme to však aj zámerne
05:13
In a lot of food items that we have --
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vďaka mnohým potravinám, ktoré máme.
05:15
I have only two items
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Ja tu mám na obrázku
05:17
here on the slide --
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len dva druhy potravín –
05:19
pink cookies or surimi sticks
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ružové koláčiky a krabie tyčinky,
05:21
or, if you like, Campari --
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alebo, keď chcete, aj Campari.
05:23
a lot of our food products that are of a red color
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Mnoho našich potravín, ktoré sú červenej farby,
05:26
are dyed with a natural dye.
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sú farbené prírodnými farbivami.
05:29
The surimi sticks
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Krabie tyčinky sú krabie mäso,
05:31
[of] crabmeat, or is being sold as crab meat,
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alebo vlastne sú predávané ako krabie mäso,
05:33
is white fish
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v skutočnosti je to biela ryba,
05:35
that's being dyed with cochineal.
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ktorá je farbená karmínom.
05:37
Cochineal is a product
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Karmín je produkt hmyzu,
05:39
of an insect that lives off these cacti.
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ktorý sa živí kaktusom.
05:42
It's being produced in large amounts,
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Je vyrábaný v obrovských množstvách,
05:45
150 to 180 metric tons per year
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od 150 do 180 metrických ton ročne,
05:48
in the Canary Islands in Peru,
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na Kanárskych ostrovoch v Peru,
05:51
and it's big business.
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a stal sa z toho veľký biznis.
05:53
One gram of cochineal
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Jeden gram karmínu
05:56
costs about 30 euros.
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stojí asi 30 eur.
05:58
One gram of gold
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Jeden gram zlata
06:01
is 30 euros.
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predstavuje 30 eur.
06:04
So it's a very precious thing
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Takže je to veľmi cenná vec,
06:07
that we're using to dye our foods.
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ktorú používame na farbenie nášho jedla.
06:10
Now the situation in the world is going to change
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Teraz sa má situácia vo svete zmeniť,
06:13
for you and me, for everyone on this Earth.
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pre Vás aj pre mňa, pre každého na tejto Zemi.
06:15
The human population is growing very rapidly
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Ľudská populácia rastie veľmi rýchlo a
06:18
and is growing exponentially.
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rastie exponenciálne.
06:20
Where, at the moment, we have
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Súčasná populácia, ktorá predstavuje
06:22
something between six and seven billion people,
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niečo medzi 6 a 7 miliardami ľudí,
06:24
it will grow to about nine billion
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vzrastie na približne 9 miliárd
06:26
in 2050.
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do roku 2050.
06:29
That means that we have a lot more mouths to feed,
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To znamená, že budeme musieť nakŕmiť oveľa viac hladných krkov.
06:32
and this is something that worries more and more people.
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A to je niečo, čoho sa obáva stále viac a viac ľudí.
06:35
There was an FAO conference last October
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Minulý október sa konala konferencia FAO (Organizácia pre výživu a poľnohospodárstvo)
06:37
that was completely devoted to this.
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venovaná práve tomuto problému.
06:39
How are we going to feed this world?
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Ako budeme živiť tento svet?
06:41
And if you look at the figures up there,
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Keď sa pozriete na čísla tu hore,
06:43
it says that we have a third more mouths to feed,
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uvidíte, že budeme musieť nakŕmiť o tretinu hladných krkov viac,
06:46
but we need an agricultural production increase
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ale na to potrebujeme zvýšiť poľnohospodársku výrobu
06:48
of 70 percent.
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o 70%.
06:50
And that's especially because this world population
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Je to hlavne preto, že populácia sveta
06:52
is increasing,
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sa zvyšuje a
06:54
and it's increasing, not only in numbers,
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zvyšuje sa nielen v číslach,
06:57
but we're also getting wealthier,
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ale aj preto, že sa stávame bohatšími.
07:00
and anyone that gets wealthier starts to eat more
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A každý, kto bohatne, začne aj viac jesť a
07:03
and also starts to eat more meat.
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začne jesť viac mäsa.
07:06
And meat, in fact, is something
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A mäso je v skutočnosti položka,
07:08
that costs a lot
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na ktorú míňame
07:10
of our agricultural production.
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z našej poľnohospodárskej výroby najviac.
07:12
Our diet consists, [in] some part, of animal proteins,
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Naša strava obsahuje v určitej miere živočíšne proteíny a
07:15
and at the moment, most of us here
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v súčasnosti väčšina z nás tu
07:17
get it from livestock,
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ich získava z domácich zvierat,
07:19
from fish, from game.
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rýb alebo zveriny.
07:21
And we eat quite a lot of it.
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Jeme toho dosť veľa.
07:23
In the developed world it's on average
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V rozvinutom svete je to priemerne
07:26
80 kilograms per person per year,
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80 kg na osobu za rok,
07:29
which goes up to 120
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až 120
07:31
in the United States
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v Spojených štátoch a
07:33
and a bit lower in some other countries,
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o niečo menej v iných krajinách,
07:35
but on average 80 kilograms
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ale priemerne je to 80 kg
07:37
per person per year.
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na osobu za rok.
07:39
In the developing world it's much lower.
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V rozvojovom svete je to oveľa menej.
07:42
It's 25 kilograms per person per year.
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Je to 25 kg na osobu za rok.
07:44
But it's increasing enormously.
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Ale toto množstvo enormne rastie.
07:46
In China in the last 20 years,
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V Číne za posledných 20 rokov
07:48
it increased from 20 to 50,
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to vzrástlo z 20 na 50
07:51
and it's still increasing.
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a stále rastie.
07:54
So if a third of the world population
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Takže ak tretina svetovej populácie
07:57
is going to increase its meat consumption
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zvýši svoju konzumáciu mäsa
08:00
from 25 to 80 on average,
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priemerne z 25 na 80 a
08:03
and a third of the world population
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keďže tretina svetovej populácie
08:05
is living in China and in India,
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žije v Číne a v Indii,
08:07
we're having an enormous demand on meat.
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budeme mať obrovský dopyt po mäse.
08:11
And of course, we are not there to say
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Samozrejme, nie sme tu na to, aby sme povedali,
08:13
that's only for us, it's not for them.
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to je len pre nás, pre nich nie.
08:16
They have the same share that we have.
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Budú mať rovnaký podiel ako my.
08:18
Now to start with, I should say
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Na začiatok by som mal povedať,
08:20
that we are eating way too much meat
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že v západnom svete
08:22
in the Western world.
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jeme príliš veľa mäsa.
08:24
We could do with much, much less --
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Stačilo by nám oveľa menej,
08:26
and I know, I've been a vegetarian for a long time,
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viem to, som vegetarián už dlhú dobu.
08:29
and you can easily do without anything.
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Vystačili by sme si celkom aj bez iných vecí.
08:31
You'll get proteins in any kind of food anyway.
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Proteíny možno získať z akéhokoľvek jedla.
08:34
But then there's a lot of problems
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Tiež je tu veľa problémov
08:36
that come with meat production,
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týkajúcich sa výroby mäsa,
08:38
and we're being faced with that more and more often.
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ktorým musíme čeliť čoraz častejšie.
08:41
The first problem that we're facing is human health.
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Prvý problém, ktorému musíme čeliť, je ľudské zdravie.
08:44
Pigs are quite like us.
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Ošípané sú skoro ako my.
08:46
They're even models in medicine,
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Slúžia aj ako učebný model v medicíne.
08:49
and we can even transplant organs from a pig to a human.
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Môžeme dokonca transplantovať orgány ošípanej človeku.
08:52
That means that pigs also share diseases with us.
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To znamená, že ošípané majú rovnaké choroby ako my.
08:55
And a pig disease,
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A aj choroba ošípanej,
08:57
a pig virus, and a human virus
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vírus ošípanej a aj ľudský vírus
08:59
can both proliferate,
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sa môžu šíriť.
09:01
and because of their kind of reproduction,
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Vďaka ich spôsobu reprodukcie
09:03
they can combine and produce a new virus.
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sa môžu zlučovať a vytvárať nový vírus.
09:05
This has happened in the Netherlands in the 1990s
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To sa stalo v Holandsku v 90.rokoch
09:08
during the classical swine fever outbreak.
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počas vypuknutia prasacieho moru.
09:11
You get a new disease that can be deadly.
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Môžete dostať novú chorobu, ktorá môže byť smrteľná.
09:15
We eat insects -- they're so distantly related from us
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Jeme hmyz – je od nás tak vzdialený,
09:18
that this doesn't happen.
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že sa toto nemôže stať.
09:20
So that's one point for insects.
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Takže to je jeden bod pre hmyz.
09:23
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
09:25
And there's the conversion factor.
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A je tu premenný faktor.
09:28
You take 10 kilograms of feed,
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Vezmete si 10 kg krmiva.
09:30
you can get one kilogram of beef,
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Z neho môžete získať 1 kg hovädziny,
09:33
but you can get nine kilograms of locust meat.
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ale až 9 kg kobyliek.
09:35
So if you would be an entrepreneur,
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Takže ak by ste boli podnikateľ,
09:37
what would you do?
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čo by ste urobili?
09:39
With 10 kilograms of input,
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S vkladom 10 kg,
09:41
you can get either one or nine kg. of output.
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by ste mohli získať 1 kg alebo 9 kg výnosu.
09:44
So far we're taking
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Vezmime si teda
09:46
the one, or up to five kilograms of output.
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1 kg alebo maximálne do 5 kg výnosu.
09:49
We're not taking the bonus yet.
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Ešte tu nemáme zahrnutú pridanú hodnotu.
09:51
We're not taking the nine kilograms of output yet.
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Nehovoriac ešte o 9 kg výnosu.
09:54
So that's two points for insects.
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Takže to sú už 2 body pre hmyz.
09:56
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
09:58
And there's the environment.
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Potom je tu životné prostredie.
10:00
If we take 10 kilograms of food --
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Ak zoberieme 10 kg potravy –
10:02
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
10:04
and it results in one kilogram of beef,
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a z toho získame 1 kg hovädzieho mäsa,
10:07
the other nine kilograms are waste,
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9 kg je odpad a veľa z toho
10:09
and a lot of that is manure.
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predstavuje hnoj.
10:12
If you produce insects, you have less manure
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Ak spracúvate hmyz, máte menej trusu
10:14
per kilogram of meat that you produce.
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na kilogram vyrobeného mäsa.
10:17
So less waste.
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Takže menej odpadu.
10:19
Furthermore, per kilogram of manure,
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Okrem toho, v kilograme trusu
10:22
you have much, much less ammonia
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máte oveľa menej amoniaku
10:25
and fewer greenhouse gases
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a menej skleníkových plynov,
10:27
when you have insect manure
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myslím trus hmyzu
10:29
than when you have cow manure.
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v porovnaní s kravským hnojom.
10:31
So you have less waste,
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Takže máte menej odpadu a
10:33
and the waste that you have is not as environmental malign
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odpad, ktorý získate, nie je tak škodlivý pre životné prostredie
10:36
as it is with cow dung.
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ako kravský hnoj.
10:38
So that's three points for insects.
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Takže to sú tri body pre hmyz.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
10:43
Now there's a big "if," of course,
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Teraz sa pravdaže dostávame k najväčšiemu "či"
10:45
and it is if insects produce meat
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a to, či hmyz predstavuje mäso,
10:48
that is of good quality.
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ktoré je kvalitné.
10:50
Well there have been all kinds of analyses
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V tomto smere bolo vykonaných mnoho typov analýz
10:52
and in terms of protein, or fat, or vitamins,
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a čo sa týka proteínov, tukov alebo vitamínov
10:55
it's very good.
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je veľmi dobré.
10:57
In fact, it's comparable
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V podstate je porovnateľné
10:59
to anything we eat as meat at the moment.
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s akýmkoľvek mäsom, ktoré jeme v súčasnosti.
11:01
And even in terms of calories, it is very good.
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A dokonca aj čo sa týka kalórii, je veľmi dobré.
11:03
One kilogram of grasshoppers
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Jeden kilogram kobyliek
11:05
has the same amount of calories
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má rovnaký podiel kalórii
11:07
as 10 hot dogs, or six Big Macs.
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ako 10 párkov v rožku alebo 6 hamburgerov.
11:09
So that's four points for insects.
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Takže to sú 4 body pre hmyz.
11:11
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
11:14
I can go on,
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Mohol by som pokračovať a
11:16
and I could make many more points for insects,
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vymenovať ďalšie pozitíva v prospech hmyzu,
11:18
but time doesn't allow this.
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ale čas mi to nedovolí.
11:20
So the question is, why not eat insects?
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Takže otázka znie, prečo nejesť hmyz?
11:22
I gave you at least four arguments in favor.
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Dal som Vám najmenej 4 argumenty, ktoré hovoria v ich prospech.
11:24
We'll have to.
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Budeme ich musieť jesť.
11:26
Even if you don't like it,
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Aj keď sa Vám to nepáči,
11:28
you'll have to get used to this
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budete si musieť na to zvyknúť.
11:30
because at the moment,
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Pretože v súčasnosti
11:32
70 percent of all our agricultural land
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70% všetkej poľnohospodárskej pôdy
11:34
is being used to produce livestock.
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sa využíva na chov dobytka.
11:36
That's not only the land
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Nie je to len pôda,
11:38
where the livestock is walking and feeding,
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kde sa dobytok pohybuje a kŕmi,
11:40
but it's also other areas
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ale tiež ďalšie plochy,
11:42
where the feed is being produced and being transported.
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kde sa potrava vyrába a preváža.
11:45
We can increase it a bit
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Môžeme túto plochu trochu zväčšiť
11:47
at the expense of rainforests,
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na úkor dažďových pralesov,
11:49
but there's a limitation very soon.
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ale to len do určitej miery.
11:51
And if you remember that we need to increase
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A ak si spomínate, že je potrebné zvýšiť
11:53
agricultural production by 70 percent,
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poľnohospodársku výrobu o 70%,
11:55
we're not going to make it that way.
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nemôžeme to urobiť týmto spôsobom.
11:57
We could much better change
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Oveľa lepšie by bolo
11:59
from meat, from beef,
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prejsť od mäsa, hovädziny
12:02
to insects.
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k hmyzu.
12:04
And then 80 percent of the world
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80% sveta
12:07
already eats insects,
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už hmyz konzumuje,
12:09
so we are just a minority --
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takže my sme len menšina-
12:11
in a country like the U.K., the USA,
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v krajinách ako Spojené kráľovstvo, USA,
12:14
the Netherlands, anywhere.
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Holandsko, kdekoľvek.
12:17
On the left-hand side, you see a market in Laos
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Na jednej strane, pozrite sa na trh v Laose,
12:19
where they have abundantly present
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kde majú nadbytočne prítomné
12:21
all kinds of insects that you choose for dinner for the night.
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všetky druhy hmyzu, aké by ste si vybrali na večeru.
12:26
On the right-hand side you see a grasshopper.
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Na druhej strane vidíte kobylky.
12:28
So people there are eating them,
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Ľudia ich nejedia preto,
12:31
not because they're hungry,
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lebo sú hladní,
12:33
but because they think it's a delicacy.
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ale preto, že ich považujú za delikatesu.
12:35
It's just very good food.
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Je to veľmi dobré jedlo.
12:37
You can vary enormously.
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Môžete ich rôzne obmeňovať.
12:39
It has many benefits.
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Má to veľa výhod.
12:41
In fact, we have delicacy
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V skutočnosti, máme delikatesu,
12:43
that's very much like this grasshopper:
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ktorá je veľmi podobná kobylkám:
12:45
shrimps, a delicacy
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krevety, delikatesa,
12:48
being sold at a high price.
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ktorá sa predáva za vysokú cenu.
12:50
Who wouldn't like to eat a shrimp?
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Kto by nechcel jesť krevety?
12:52
There are a few people who don't like shrimp,
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Je niekoľko ľudí, ktorí nemajú radi krevety,
12:54
but shrimp, or crabs,
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ale krevety, kraby,
12:56
or crayfish,
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alebo raky,
12:58
are very closely related.
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sú veľmi príbuzné.
13:00
They are delicacies.
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Sú to delikatesy.
13:02
In fact, a locust is a "shrimp" of the land,
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V podstate, kobylka je krevetou súše,
13:05
and it would make very good into our diet.
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a bola by výbornou súčasťou našej potravy.
13:08
So why are we not eating insects yet?
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Tak prečo ešte stále nejeme hmyz?
13:10
Well that's just a matter of mindset.
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Nuž, je to otázka postoja.
13:12
We're not used to it,
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Nie sme na to zvyknutí a vidíme hmyz
13:14
and we see insects as these organisms that are very different from us.
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ako organizmy, ktoré sú od nás veľmi odlišné.
13:17
That's why we're changing the perception of insects.
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Preto vnímame hmyz inak.
13:20
And I'm working very hard with my colleague, Arnold van Huis,
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Ja pracujem veľmi húževnato, aj s mojim kolegom, Arnoldom van Huisom,
13:23
in telling people what insects are,
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aby sme ľudom vysvetlili, čo je to hmyz,
13:26
what magnificent things they are,
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aké sú to úžasné tvory,
13:28
what magnificent jobs they do in nature.
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akú úžasnú úlohu plnia v prírode.
13:30
And in fact, without insects,
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A v skutočnosti, bez hmyzu,
13:32
we would not be here in this room,
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by sme neboli tu v tejto miestnosti.
13:34
because if the insects die out,
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Pretože, ak by hmyz vyhynul,
13:36
we will soon die out as well.
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vyhynuli by sme čoskoro aj my.
13:39
If we die out, the insects will continue very happily.
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Ak vyhynieme my, hmyz bude žiť šťastne ďalej.
13:42
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
13:44
So we have to get used to the idea of eating insects.
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Takže by sme si mali zvyknúť na myšlienku konzumácie hmyzu.
13:46
And some might think, well they're not yet available.
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Niekto by si povedal, veď ešte ich ani nemožno zohnať.
13:48
Well they are.
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Ale áno, je to možné.
13:50
There are entrepreneurs in the Netherlands that produce them,
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Existujú organizácie v Holandsku, ktorí ich spracúvajú a
13:53
and one of them is here in the audience,
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a jeden z nich je tu v hľadisku,
13:55
Marian Peeters, who's in the picture.
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Marian Peeters, ktorý je na obrázku.
13:57
I predict that later this year, you'll get them in the supermarkets --
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Moja predpoveď je, že na konci tohto roka ich dostanete kúpiť v supermarketoch -
14:00
not visible, but as animal protein
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nie viditeľne, ale ako živočíšny proteín
14:02
in the food.
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v jedle.
14:06
And maybe by 2020,
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A možno do roku 2020,
14:09
you'll buy them just knowing that this is an insect that you're going to eat.
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si ich kúpite s vedomím, že toto je hmyz, ktorý budem jesť.
14:12
And they're being made in the most wonderful ways.
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Sú pripravované tými najúžasnejšími spôsobmi.
14:15
A Dutch chocolate maker.
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Holandský výrobca čokolády.
14:18
(Music)
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(Hudba)
14:55
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
14:57
So there's even a lot of design to it.
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Existuje dokonca mnoho dizajnov.
14:59
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
15:02
Well in the Netherlands, we have an innovative Minister of Agriculture,
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V Holandsku máme pokrokovú ministerku hospodárstva,
15:05
and she puts the insects on the menu
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ktorá dáva hmyz do jedálneho lístka
15:07
in her restaurant in her ministry.
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v reštaurácii v jej úrade.
15:10
And when she got all the Ministers of Agriculture of the E.U.
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Keď prišla s ministrami hospodárstva všetkých krajín EÚ
15:13
over to the Hague recently,
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nedávno do Haagu,
15:16
she went to a high-class restaurant,
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išla s nimi do luxusnej reštaurácie,
15:19
and they ate insects all together.
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kde spolu jedli hmyz.
15:21
It's not something that is a hobby of mine.
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Nie je to niečo ako moje hobby.
15:24
It's really taken off the ground.
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Je to niečo celkom prirodzené.
15:26
So why not eat insects?
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Tak prečo nejesť hmyz?
15:28
You should try it yourself.
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Mali by ste to skúsiť.
15:30
A couple of years ago, we had 1,750 people all together
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Pred pár rokmi sme zhromaždili 1750 ľudí
15:33
in a square in Wageningen town,
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na námestí v meste Wageningen,
15:36
and they ate insects at the same moment,
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ktorí jedli hmyz v rovnakom čase,
15:38
and this was still big, big news.
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pričom to bolo stále niečo veľmi nové.
15:41
I think soon it will not be big news anymore when we all eat insects,
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Myslím si, že čoskoro to nebude nič nové, keď budeme jesť hmyz,
15:44
because it's just a normal way of doing.
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pretože je to celkom normálne.
15:46
So you can try it yourself today,
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Tak to dnes môžete vyskúšať,
15:49
and I would say, enjoy.
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a ja Vám prajem dobrú chuť.
15:52
And I'm going to show to Bruno some first tries,
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Idem Brunovi ukázať prvé ochutnávky,
15:55
and he can have the first bite.
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pričom on bude mať nárok na prvý hryz.
15:58
(Applause)
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(aplauz)
16:10
Bruno Giussani: Look at them first. Look at them first.
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Bruno Giussani: Pozri sa na ne najprv. Pozri sa na ne najprv.
16:13
Marcel Dicke: It's all protein.
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Marcel Dicke: Sú to všetko proteíny.
16:16
BG: That's exactly the same [one] you saw in the video actually.
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BG: Je to vlastne presne to isté, čo ste videli vo video nahrávke.
16:19
And it looks delicious.
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A vyzerá to lahodne.
16:21
They just make it [with] nuts or something.
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Robia to s orechami alebo s takým niečím.
16:24
MD: Thank you.
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MD: Ďakujem.
16:26
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marcel Dicke - Ecological entomologistMarcel Dicke wants us to reconsider our relationship with insects, promoting bugs as a tasty -- and ecologically sound -- alternative to meat in an increasingly hungry world.
Why you should listen
Marcel Dicke likes challenging preconceptions. He demonstrated that plants, far from being passive, send SOS signals by emitting volatile substances when under attack by pests, attracting carnivorous insects to eat their enemies. Dicke opened a new field of research and won the NWO-Spinoza award, the Dutch Nobel prize. Now he wants to change Western minds about insects -- especially insects as food.
"People hate bugs, but without insects we might not even exist," he says. Dicke's PR crusade began in the 1990s, as a lecture series. Then his team made world headlines when they convinced 20,000 people to attend an insect-eating festival in Waginegen. Today, Dicke leads what he says is fast-growing research into insect agriculture, and predicts that insects will be on Dutch supermarket shelves this year. And does the former vegetarian eat bugs? "At least once a week. Locusts are nice cooked with garlic and herbs, served with rice or vegetables."
Read the UN's 2013 report, Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security >>
Marcel Dicke | Speaker | TED.com