TEDxWomen 2012
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Dare to educate Afghan girls
Shabana Basij-Rasikh: Odvážme sa vzdelávať afganské dievčatá
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
1,085,179 views
Predstavte si krajinu, kde dievčatá musia chodiť do školy potajomky, lebo ak ich prichytia pri učení, hrozí im smrť. Takýto bol Afganistan pod vládou Talibanu a aj dnes po tomto nebezpečenstve zostávajú stopy. 22-ročná Shabana Basij-Rasikh riadi dievčenskú školu v Afganistane. Chváli silu rodín, ktoré sa rozhodnú veriť vo svoje dcéry a rozpráva príbeh odvážneho otca, ktorý sa postavil miestnym vyhrážkam. (Natočené na TEDxWomen)
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - Educator
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Shabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
When I was 11,
0
964
1440
Keď som mala 11,
00:18
I remember waking up one morning to the sound of joy in my house.
1
2404
4562
spomínam si, ako som sa jedného rána zobudila na radostné zvuky v mojom dome.
00:22
My father was listening to BBC News
2
6966
2471
Môj otec práve počúval Správy BBC
00:25
on his small, gray radio.
3
9437
4174
na svojom malom, sivom rádiu.
00:29
There was a big smile on his face which was unusual then,
4
13611
2876
Mal na tvári veľký úsmev, čo bolo vtedy nezvyčajné,
00:32
because the news mostly depressed him.
5
16487
3971
lebo správy ho väčšinou deprimovali.
00:36
"The Taliban are gone!" my father shouted.
6
20458
4885
"Taliban je preč!" vykríkol môj otec.
00:41
I didn't know what it meant,
7
25343
2588
Nevedela som, čo to znamená,
00:43
but I could see that my father was very, very happy.
8
27931
5186
ale videla som, že môj otec je veľmi, veľmi šťastný.
00:49
"You can go to a real school now," he said.
9
33117
8511
"Teraz môžeš chodiť do skutočnej školy," povedal.
00:57
A morning that I will never forget.
10
41628
5169
Ráno, na ktoré nikdy nezabudnem.
01:02
A real school.
11
46797
5168
Skutočná škola.
01:07
You see, I was six when the Taliban took over Afghanistan
12
51965
3108
Viete, mala som šesť, keď sa Taliban zmocnil Afganistanu
01:10
and made it illegal for girls to go to school.
13
55073
3523
a zakázal dievčatám chodiť do školy.
01:14
So for the next five years, I dressed as a boy
14
58596
3108
Takže ďalších päť rokov som sa prezliekala za chlapca,
01:17
to escort my older sister, who was no longer allowed
15
61704
2511
aby som sprevádzala moju staršiu sestru, ktorá už mala zakázané
01:20
to be outside alone, to a secret school.
16
64215
5414
zdržiavať sa vonku sama, do tajnej školy.
01:25
It was the only way we both could be educated.
17
69629
4625
Bol to pre nás jediná možnosť, ako získať vzdelanie.
01:30
Each day, we took a different route
18
74254
3234
Každý deň sme išli inou cestou
01:33
so that no one would suspect where we were going.
19
77488
4023
aby nikto nevedel, kam ideme.
01:37
We would cover our books in grocery bags
20
81511
2194
Učebnice sme mali zabalené v nákupných taškách
01:39
so it would seem we were just out shopping.
21
83705
6136
aby to vyzeralo, že sme len išli na nákupy.
01:45
The school was in a house,
22
89841
2376
Škola bola v rodinnom dome,
01:48
more than 100 of us packed in one small living room.
23
92217
5663
viac ako 100 z nás natlačených v jednej malej obývačke.
01:53
It was cozy in winter but extremely hot in summer.
24
97880
5850
V zime tam bolo útulne, ale v lete zase extrémne horúco.
01:59
We all knew we were risking our lives --
25
103730
2521
Všetci sme vedeli, že riskujeme život -
02:02
the teacher, the students and our parents.
26
106251
4354
učiteľ, študenti a naši rodičia.
02:06
From time to time, the school would suddenly be canceled
27
110605
2373
Čas od času bola škola zrazu na týždeň zrušená,
02:08
for a week because Taliban were suspicious.
28
112978
3916
lebo Taliban bol podozieravý.
02:12
We always wondered what they knew about us.
29
116894
2780
Nikdy sme nevedeli, čo o nás vedia.
02:15
Were we being followed?
30
119674
3032
Sledujú nás?
02:18
Do they know where we live?
31
122706
3532
Vedia, kde bývame?
02:22
We were scared,
32
126238
2658
Mali sme strach,
02:24
but still, school was where we wanted to be.
33
128896
6926
ale napriek tomu bola škola miestom, kde sme chceli byť.
02:31
I was very lucky to grow up in a family
34
135822
3740
Mala som to šťastie, že som vyrastala v rodine,
02:35
where education was prized and daughters were treasured.
35
139562
6247
pre ktorú bolo vzdelanie hodnotou a dcéry si vážili.
02:41
My grandfather was an extraordinary man for his time.
36
145809
5151
Môj dedko bol na svoje časy výnimočný človek.
02:46
A total maverick from a remote province of Afghanistan,
37
150960
3479
Totálny individualista z odľahlej provincie Afganistanu,
02:50
he insisted that his daughter, my mom,
38
154439
3496
ktorý trval na tom, aby jeho dcéra - moja mama -
02:53
go to school, and for that he was disowned by his father.
39
157935
6413
išla do školy, za čo ho vlastný otec zaprel.
03:00
But my educated mother became a teacher.
40
164348
3510
Ale moja vzdelaná matka sa stala učiteľkou.
03:03
There she is.
41
167858
3026
To je ona.
03:06
She retired two years ago, only to turn our house
42
170884
2667
Pred dvoma rokmi išla do dôchodku, a hneď premenila náš dom
03:09
into a school for girls and women in our neighborhood.
43
173551
5378
na školu pre dievčatá a ženy z nášho okolia.
03:14
And my father -- that's him --
44
178929
4388
A môj otec - to je on -
03:19
he was the first ever in his family to receive an education.
45
183317
6901
bol vôbec prvým vo svojej rodine, ktorý získal vzdelanie.
03:26
There was no question that his children
46
190218
2109
Nebolo pochýb, že jeho deti
03:28
would receive an education, including his daughters,
47
192327
5089
takisto získajú vzdelanie, vrátane jeho dcér,
03:33
despite the Taliban, despite the risks.
48
197416
4420
napriek Talibanu, napriek rizikám.
03:37
To him, there was greater risk in not educating his children.
49
201836
8346
Preňho bolo väčším rizikom svoje deti nevzdelávať.
03:46
During Taliban years, I remember
50
210182
3128
Pamätám si, ako som bola počas rokov Talibanu
03:49
there were times I would get so frustrated by our life
51
213310
5093
niekedy veľmi frustrovaná z nášho života
03:54
and always being scared and not seeing a future.
52
218403
3952
a stále som mala strach a nevidela som žiadnu budúcnosť.
03:58
I would want to quit,
53
222355
3054
Chcela som skončiť,
04:01
but my father,
54
225409
3136
ale môj otec
04:04
he would say,
55
228545
2509
hovorieval:
04:06
"Listen, my daughter,
56
231054
2105
"Počúvaj, dcéra moja,
04:09
you can lose everything you own in your life.
57
233159
3316
vo svojom živote môžeš prísť o všetko, čo máš.
04:12
Your money can be stolen. You can be forced to leave your home during a war.
58
236475
4205
Môžu ti ukradnúť peniaze. Počas vojny ťa možno donútia opustiť svoj domov.
04:16
But the one thing that will always remain with you
59
240680
2781
Ale jedna vec, ktorá s tebou vždy ostane
04:19
is what is here,
60
243461
3308
je to, čo máš tu.
04:22
and if we have to sell our blood to pay your school fees,
61
246769
4916
A ak budeme musieť predať našu krv na zaplatenie tvojho školného,
04:27
we will.
62
251685
3221
tak ju predáme.
04:30
So do you still not want to continue?"
63
254906
5082
Tak čo, ešte stále nechceš pokračovať?"
04:35
Today I am 22.
64
259988
3128
Dnes mám 22.
04:39
I was raised in a country that has been destroyed
65
263116
2770
Bola som vychovaná v krajine, ktorá bola zničená
04:41
by decades of war.
66
265886
3170
desaťročiami vojny.
04:44
Fewer than six percent of women my age have made it beyond high school,
67
269056
5141
Menej ako šesť percent žien v mojom veku to dotiahlo ďalej, ako na strednú školu,
04:50
and had my family not been so committed to my education,
68
274197
2465
a keby moja rodina nebola natoľko oddaná môjmu vzdelaniu,
04:52
I would be one of them.
69
276662
2604
bola by som jednou z nich.
04:55
Instead, I stand here a proud graduate of Middlebury College.
70
279266
5315
Namiesto toho tu stojím ako hrdá absolventka Middlebury College.
05:00
(Applause)
71
284581
10013
(Potlesk)
05:10
When I returned to Afghanistan, my grandfather,
72
294594
2948
Keď som sa vrátila do Afganistanu, môj dedko
05:13
the one exiled from his home for daring to educate his daughters,
73
297542
4579
- ten, ktorého vyhnali z domova za to, že sa opovážil vzdelávať svoje dcéry -
05:18
was among the first to congratulate me.
74
302121
3494
bol medzi prvými, ktorí mi gratulovali.
05:21
He not only brags about my college degree,
75
305615
2630
Chváli sa nielen mojím vysokoškolským titulom,
05:24
but also that I was the first woman,
76
308245
2209
ale tiež tým, že som bola prvou ženou,
05:26
and that I am the first woman
77
310454
1722
a že som prvou ženou,
05:28
to drive him through the streets of Kabul.
78
312176
3502
ktorá ho vozí autom ulicami Kábulu.
05:31
(Applause)
79
315678
5362
(Potlesk)
05:36
My family believes in me.
80
321040
2649
Moja rodina vo mňa verí.
05:39
I dream big, but my family dreams even bigger for me.
81
323689
4950
Mám veľké sny, ale moja rodina ich má ešte väčšie.
05:44
That's why I am a global ambassador for 10x10,
82
328639
4467
Preto som svetovou veľvyslankyňou za 10x10,
05:49
a global campaign to educate women.
83
333106
2764
globálnu kampaň za vzdelávanie žien.
05:51
That's why I cofounded SOLA,
84
335870
2579
Preto som spoluzakladala SOLA,
05:54
the first and perhaps only boarding school
85
338449
2467
prvú a asi aj jedinú internátnu školu
05:56
for girls in Afghanistan,
86
340916
1729
pre dievčatá v Afganistane,
05:58
a country where it's still risky for girls to go to school.
87
342645
5637
v krajine, kde je pre dievčatá ešte stále riskantné chodiť do školy.
06:04
The exciting thing is that I see students at my school
88
348282
3765
Je vzrušujúce vidieť na mojej škole študentky
06:07
with ambition grabbing at opportunity.
89
352047
5628
s ambíciami chopiť sa príležitosti.
06:13
And I see their parents and their fathers
90
357675
2927
A vidím ich rodičov a ich otcov
06:16
who, like my own, advocate for them,
91
360602
4578
ktorí - tak ako ten môj - sa o ne zasadzujú,
06:21
despite and even in the face of daunting opposition.
92
365180
8932
a to aj priamo do tváre zastrašujúcim odporcom.
06:30
Like Ahmed. That's not his real name,
93
374112
2706
Ako Ahmed. To nie je jeho pravé meno
06:32
and I cannot show you his face,
94
376818
2628
a nemôžem vám ukázať jeho tvár,
06:35
but Ahmed is the father of one of my students.
95
379446
3645
ale Ahmed je otec jednej z mojich študentiek.
06:38
Less than a month ago, he and his daughter
96
383091
3836
Menej ako pred mesiacom boli so svojou dcérou
06:42
were on their way from SOLA to their village,
97
386927
3334
na ceste zo SOLA do ich dediny,
06:46
and they literally missed being killed
98
390261
6493
a doslova iba o niekoľko minút sa vyhli zabitiu
06:52
by a roadside bomb by minutes.
99
396754
4782
bombou pri ceste.
06:57
As he arrived home, the phone rang,
100
401536
3403
Keď prišiel domov, zazvonil telefón.
07:00
a voice warning him
101
404939
2695
Varovali ho,
07:03
that if he sent his daughter back to school,
102
407634
3395
že ak pošle svoju dcéru znovu do školy,
07:06
they would try again.
103
411029
2777
pokúsia sa o to opäť.
07:09
"Kill me now, if you wish," he said,
104
413806
3902
"Zabite ma aj teraz, ak chcete," povedal,
07:13
"but I will not ruin my daughter's future
105
417708
3894
"ale nebudem ničiť budúcnosť mojej dcéry
07:17
because of your old and backward ideas."
106
421602
4832
len kvôli vašim starým a spiatočníckym názorom."
07:22
What I've come to realize about Afghanistan,
107
426434
2369
Uvedomila som si o Afganistane
07:24
and this is something that is often dismissed in the West,
108
428803
3520
- a toto sa často na Západe prehliada -
07:28
that behind most of us who succeed
109
432323
3223
že za väčšinou z nás, ktoré sme uspeli
07:31
is a father who recognizes the value in his daughter
110
435546
7363
je otec, ktorý uznáva hodnotu svojej dcéry
07:38
and who sees that her success is his success.
111
442909
4627
a ktorý považuje jej úspech za svoj vlastný.
07:43
It's not to say that our mothers aren't key in our success.
112
447536
3938
To neznamená, že naše matky nie sú pre náš úspech kľúčové.
07:47
In fact, they're often the initial and convincing negotiators
113
451474
4536
V skutočnosti sú to často ony, ktoré začnú presvedčivo vyjednávať
07:51
of a bright future for their daughters,
114
456010
3340
za lepšiu budúcnosť svojich dcér,
07:55
but in the context of a society like in Afghanistan,
115
459350
3411
ale v kontexte spoločnosti aká je v Afganistane,
07:58
we must have the support of men.
116
462761
3420
musíme mať podporu mužov.
08:02
Under the Taliban, girls who went to school
117
466181
3550
Pod vládou Talibanu bolo dievčat, ktoré chodili do školy,
08:05
numbered in the hundreds --
118
469731
1792
rádovo v stovkách -
08:07
remember, it was illegal.
119
471523
2338
ako som povedala, bolo to nezákonné.
08:09
But today, more than three million girls are in school in Afghanistan.
120
473861
5492
Ale dnes chodí do školy v Afganistane viac ako tri milióny dievčat.
08:15
(Applause)
121
479353
7247
(Potlesk)
08:22
Afghanistan looks so different from here in America.
122
486600
6151
Afganistan vyzerá odtiaľto z Ameriky veľmi odlišne.
08:28
I find that Americans see the fragility in changes.
123
492751
4972
Zisťujem, že Američania považujú zmeny za krehké.
08:33
I fear that these changes will not last
124
497723
3050
Mám strach, že po stiahnutí amerických vojakov
08:36
much beyond the U.S. troops' withdrawal.
125
500773
4492
tieto zmeny nepotrvajú veľmi dlho.
08:41
But when I am back in Afghanistan,
126
505265
3653
Ale keď som späť v Afganistane,
08:44
when I see the students in my school
127
508918
4785
keď vidím študentky v mojej škole
08:49
and their parents who advocate for them,
128
513703
2640
a ich rodičov, ktorí sa za ne zasadzujú,
08:52
who encourage them, I see a promising future
129
516343
4467
ktorí ich povzbudzujú, vidím sľubnú budúcnosť
08:56
and lasting change.
130
520810
3300
a trvácne zmeny.
09:00
To me, Afghanistan is a country of hope and boundless possibilities,
131
524110
8467
Pre mňa je Afganistan krajinou nádeje a neobmedzených možností
09:08
and every single day
132
532577
3412
a dievčatá zo SOLA
09:11
the girls of SOLA remind me of that.
133
535989
3408
mi to pripomínajú každý jeden deň.
09:15
Like me, they are dreaming big.
134
539397
3207
Rovnako ako ja, aj ony majú veľké sny.
09:18
Thank you.
135
542604
1711
Ďakujem.
09:20
(Applause)
136
544315
10877
(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shabana Basij-Rasikh - EducatorShabana Basij-Rasikh helps girls and young women in Afghanistan get an education.
Why you should listen
Shabana Basij-Rasikh was born and raised in Kabul, Afghanistan. Under the Taliban, she dressed as a boy to escort her older sister to a secret school -- with dire consequences if they were caught. She attended a high school in America under the YES exchange program, and graduated from Middlebury College in Vermont. During college, she founded HELA, a nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering Afghan women through education. She also raised funds through foundations and public talks across the US to build a high school for girls in her ancestral village, and to build wells on the outskirts of Kabul to give communities access to clean drinking water.
An enthusiast of systemic change and community impact, Basij-Rasikh was selected as one of Glamour's Top 10 College Women of 2010, and was awarded the Vermont Campus Compact 2011 Kunin Public Award for outstanding public service, effective leadership and community-building. Now, Shabana has joined 10×10 as a Global Ambassador, supporting a global action campaign that links nonprofits, corporations, philanthropists, policy leaders, global influencers and grassroots activists in a movement to support girls’ education. She is managing director of SOLA (School of Leadership, Afghanistan), a nonprofit that helps exceptional young Afghan women access education worldwide and jobs back home.
Shabana Basij-Rasikh | Speaker | TED.com