TEDGlobal 2011
Lucianne Walkowicz: Finding planets around other stars
Lucianne Walkowicz: Iskanje planetov okoli drugih zvezd
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Kako najdemo planete - celo naseljive planete - okoli drugih zvezd? Iščoč drobcene zatemnitve, ko planet potuje pred svojim soncem, sta članica TED Lucianne Walkowicz in misija Kepler našli okoli 1.200 potencialnih novih planetarnih sistemov. Z novimi tehnikami bodo morda našli celo takšne, ki imajo ustrezne pogoje za življenje.
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomer
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Planetary systems outside our own
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Planetarni sistemi zunaj našega
00:17
are like distant cities whose lights we can see twinkling,
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so kot oddaljena mesta, katerih luči lahko vidimo migetati,
00:20
but whose streets we can't walk.
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a se ne moremo sprehoditi po njihovih ulicah.
00:23
By studying those twinkling lights though,
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S proučevanjem teh migetajočih lučk
00:25
we can learn about how stars and planets interact
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lahko spoznavamo, kako zvezde in planeti medsebojno delujejo,
00:28
to form their own ecosystem
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da oblikujejo svoj ekosistem
00:30
and make habitats that are amenable to life.
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in naredijo habitate, ki so primerni za življenje.
00:33
In this image of the Tokyo skyline,
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Na tej sliki mestnega obzorja Tokia
00:35
I've hidden data
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sem skrila podatke
00:37
from the newest planet-hunting space telescope on the block,
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z najnovejšega vesoljskega teleskopa za iskanje planetov,
00:39
the Kepler Mission.
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misije Kepler.
00:41
Can you see it?
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Jih lahko vidite?
00:43
There we go.
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Tukaj so.
00:45
This is just a tiny part of the sky the Kepler stares at,
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To je samo majcen del neba, ki ga Kepler opazuje
00:48
where it searches for planets
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in v katerem išče planete,
00:50
by measuring the light from over 150,000 stars,
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in sicer tako, da meri svetlobo več kot 150.000 zvezd,
00:53
all at once, every half hour,
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vseh naenkrat, vsake pol ure
00:55
and very precisely.
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in to zelo natančno.
00:57
And what we're looking for
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In kar iščemo,
00:59
is the tiny dimming of light
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so komaj opazne zatemnitve,
01:01
that is caused by a planet passing in front of one of these stars
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ki jih povzročijo planeti, ko prečijo ploskev ene od teh zvezd,
01:04
and blocking some of that starlight from getting to us.
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s tem pa preprečijo delu te zvezdne svetlobe, da pride do nas.
01:07
In just over two years of operations,
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V samo dobrih dveh letih delovanja
01:10
we've found over 1,200
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smo našli več kot 1.200
01:12
potential new planetary systems around other stars.
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potencialnih novih planetarnih sistemov okoli drugih zvezd.
01:15
To give you some perspective,
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Da dobite boljšo predstavo,
01:17
in the previous two decades of searching,
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v preteklih dveh desetletjih iskanja
01:20
we had only known about 400
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smo jih pred Keplerjem poznali
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prior to Kepler.
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samo okoli 400.
01:24
When we see these little dips in the light,
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Ko vidimo te jamice v svetlobi,
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we can determine a number of things.
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lahko ugotovimo več stvari.
01:28
For one thing, we can determine that there's a planet there,
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Za začetek lahko ugotovimo, da je tam planet,
01:30
but also how big that planet is
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hkrati pa tudi, kako velik je
01:33
and how far it is away from its parent star.
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in koliko je oddaljen od svoje starševske zvezde.
01:36
That distance is really important
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Ta razdalja je res pomembna,
01:38
because it tells us
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ker nam pove,
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how much light the planet receives overall.
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koliko svetlobe planet prejme na splošno.
01:42
And that distance and knowing that amount of light is important
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Ta razdalja in informacija o količini svetlobe sta pomembni,
01:45
because it's a little like you or I sitting around a campfire:
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ker je podobno, kot da bi mi sedeli okoli tabornega ognja.
01:48
You want to be close enough to the campfire so that you're warm,
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Hočete biti dovolj blizu ognja, da vam je toplo,
01:50
but not so close
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vendar ne preblizu,
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that you're too toasty and you get burned.
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da se ne opečete.
01:54
However, there's more to know about your parent star
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Vendar pa lahko o svoji starševski zvezdi veste več
01:57
than just how much light you receive overall.
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kot le, koliko svetlobe prejmete.
01:59
And I'll tell you why.
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In povedala vam bom, zakaj.
02:01
This is our star. This is our Sun.
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To je naša zvezda. To je naše Sonce.
02:04
It's shown here in visible light.
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Tukaj je prikazano v vidni svetlobi.
02:06
That's the light that you can see with your own human eyes.
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To je svetloba, ki jo lahko vidite s svojimi človeškimi očmi.
02:08
You'll notice that it looks pretty much
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Opazili boste, da izgleda precej
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like the iconic yellow ball --
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kot ikonična rumena krogla -
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that Sun that we all draw when we're children.
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Sonce, kot smo ga risali vsi kot otroci.
02:14
But you'll notice something else,
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Toda opazili boste še nekaj
02:16
and that's that the face of the Sun
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in to je, da ima obraz Sonca
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has freckles.
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pegice.
02:20
These freckles are called sunspots,
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Tem pegicam pravimo sončeve pege
02:22
and they are just one of the manifestations
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in so samo ena od manifestacij
02:24
of the Sun's magnetic field.
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sončevega magnetnega polja.
02:26
They also cause the light from the star to vary.
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Povzročajo tudi, da svetloba z zvezde variira.
02:29
And we can measure this
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In to lahko s Keplerjem merimo
02:31
very, very precisely with Kepler and trace their effects.
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zelo, zelo natančno in sledimo njihovim posledicam.
02:34
However, these are just the tip of the iceberg.
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Vseeno pa so te samo vrh ledene gore.
02:37
If we had UV eyes or X-ray eyes,
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Če bi imeli UV oči ali rentgenske oči,
02:40
we would really see
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bi resnično lahko videli
02:42
the dynamic and dramatic effects
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dinamične in dramatične posledice
02:44
of our Sun's magnetic activity --
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magnetne aktivnosti našega Sonca -
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the kind of thing that happens on other stars as well.
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kar se dogaja tudi na ostalih zvezdah.
02:49
Just think, even when it's cloudy outside,
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Samo pomislite, tudi ko je zunaj oblačno,
02:51
these kind of events are happening
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se na nebu nad vami
02:53
in the sky above you all the time.
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takšne stvari neprenehoma dogajajo.
02:57
So when we want to learn whether a planet is habitable,
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Ko torej poskušamo ugotoviti, ali je planet naseljiv,
03:00
whether it might be amenable to life,
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ali bi lahko bil primeren za življenje,
03:02
we want to know not only how much total light it receives
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nočemo vedeti samo, koliko svetlobe prejema
03:04
and how warm it is,
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in kako topel je,
03:06
but we want to know about its space weather --
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ampak želimo poznati tudi njegovo vesoljsko vreme -
03:09
this high-energy radiation,
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to visokoenergijsko sevanje,
03:11
the UV and the X-rays
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ultravijolične in rentgenske žarke,
03:13
that are created by its star
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ki jih proizvaja njegova zvezda
03:15
and that bathe it in this bath of high-energy radiation.
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in ki ga kopa v tej kopeli visokoenergijskega sevanja.
03:18
And so, we can't really look
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Tako torej planetov okoli drugih zvezd
03:20
at planets around other stars
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v resnici ne moremo opazovati
03:22
in the same kind of detail
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enako podrobno,
03:24
that we can look at planets in our own solar system.
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kot lahko opazujemo planete v svojem sončnem sistemu.
03:27
I'm showing here Venus, Earth and Mars --
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Tukaj prikazujem Venero, Zemljo in Mars -
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three planets in our own solar system that are roughly the same size,
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tri planete našega sončnega sistema, ki so čez palec enake velikosti,
03:32
but only one of which
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vendar je samo eden od njih
03:34
is really a good place to live.
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resnično dober kraj za življenje.
03:36
But what we can do in the meantime
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Kar pa lahko med tem naredimo, je,
03:38
is measure the light from our stars
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da merimo svetlobo z naših zvezd
03:41
and learn about this relationship
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in spoznavamo odnose
03:43
between the planets and their parent stars
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med planeti in njihovimi starševskimi zvezdami,
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to suss out clues
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da spoznamo indice o tem,
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about which planets might be good places
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kateri planeti bi lahko bili dobri
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to look for life in the universe.
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za iskanje življenja v vesolju.
03:51
Kepler won't find a planet
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Kepler ne bo našel planeta
03:53
around every single star it looks at.
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okoli vsake zvezde, ki jo opazuje.
03:55
But really, every measurement it makes
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Vendar je v resnici vsaka meritev,
03:57
is precious,
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ki jo opravi, dragocena,
03:59
because it's teaching us about the relationship
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ker nas uči o odnosu
04:01
between stars and planets,
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med zvezdami in planeti
04:03
and how it's really the starlight
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in kako je v resnici zvezdna svetloba
04:05
that sets the stage
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tista, ki postavi oder
04:07
for the formation of life in the universe.
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za nastanek življenja v vesolju.
04:09
While it's Kepler the telescope, the instrument that stares,
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Čeprav je teleskop Kepler instrument, ki strmi,
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it's we, life, who are searching.
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smo mi, življenje, tisti, ki iščemo.
04:15
Thank you.
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Hvala.
04:17
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomerLucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares."
Why you should listen
Lucianne Walkowicz is an Astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. She studies stellar magnetic activity and how stars influence a planet's suitability as a host for alien life. She is also an artist and works in a variety of media, from oil paint to sound. She got her taste for astronomy as an undergrad at Johns Hopkins, testing detectors for the Hubble Space Telescope’s new camera (installed in 2002). She also learned to love the dark stellar denizens of our galaxy, the red dwarfs, which became the topic of her PhD dissertation at University of Washington. Nowadays, she works on NASA’s Kepler mission, studying starspots and the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares to understand stellar magnetic fields. She is particularly interested in how the high energy radiation from stars influences the habitability of planets around alien suns. Lucianne is also a leader in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a new project that will scan the sky every night for 10 years to create a huge cosmic movie of our Universe.
Lucianne Walkowicz | Speaker | TED.com