TEDGlobal 2011
Lucianne Walkowicz: Finding planets around other stars
Lucianne Walkowicz: Mencari planet di sekitar bintang-bintang lain
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Bagaimana kita mencari planet - malah planet boleh didiami di sekitar bintang-bintang lain? Dengan melihat malapan kecil semasa sebuah planet melintasi di hadapan matahari, Fellow TED Lucianne Walkowicz dan Kepler Mission telah menemui sekitar 1200 sistem yang berpotensi sebagai planet baru. Dengan teknik baru, mereka mungkin menjumpai beberapa planet dengan keadaan yang sesuai untuk kehidupan.
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomer
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Lucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Planetary systems outside our own
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Sistem planet di luar planet kita sendiri
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are like distant cities whose lights we can see twinkling,
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adalah seperti bandar-bandar yang jauh dengan lampu yang berkelipan,
00:20
but whose streets we can't walk.
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tetapi dengan jalanan yang kita tidak boleh lalui.
00:23
By studying those twinkling lights though,
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Dengan mengkaji kerdipan lampu-lampu tersebut,
00:25
we can learn about how stars and planets interact
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kita boleh belajar tentang bagaimana bintang dan planet berinteraksi
00:28
to form their own ecosystem
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untuk membentuk ekosistem mereka sendiri
00:30
and make habitats that are amenable to life.
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dan membuat habitat yang menerima kehidupan.
00:33
In this image of the Tokyo skyline,
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Dalam imej permandangan Tokyo ini,
00:35
I've hidden data
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Saya menyembunyi data
00:37
from the newest planet-hunting space telescope on the block,
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dari teleskop pencari planet yang terkini,
00:39
the Kepler Mission.
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the Kepler Mission.
00:41
Can you see it?
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Bolehkah anda melihatnya?
00:43
There we go.
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Itulah dia.
00:45
This is just a tiny part of the sky the Kepler stares at,
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Ini adalah hanya sebahagian kecil daripada renungan Kepler ke langit,
00:48
where it searches for planets
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di mana ia mencari planet-planet
00:50
by measuring the light from over 150,000 stars,
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dengan mengukur cahaya daripada lebih 150,000 bintang,
00:53
all at once, every half hour,
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semua sekali gus, tiap-tiap setengah jam,
00:55
and very precisely.
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dan sangat tepat.
00:57
And what we're looking for
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Dan apa yang kami cari
00:59
is the tiny dimming of light
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adalah malapan cahaya yang kecil
01:01
that is caused by a planet passing in front of one of these stars
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yang disebabkan oleh lintasan planet di hadapan salah satu daripada bintang-bintang ini
01:04
and blocking some of that starlight from getting to us.
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dan menyekat beberapa yang cahaya bintang dari sampai kepada kita
01:07
In just over two years of operations,
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Dalam tempoh hanya lebih dua tahun beroperasi,
01:10
we've found over 1,200
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kami telah menemui lebih 1,200
01:12
potential new planetary systems around other stars.
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sistem planet baru yang berpotensi di sekitar bintang-bintang lain.
01:15
To give you some perspective,
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Untuk memberikan anda beberapa perspektif,
01:17
in the previous two decades of searching,
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dalam carian selama dua dekad sebelumnya,
01:20
we had only known about 400
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kami hanya mengenali kira-kira 400 sistem planet
01:22
prior to Kepler.
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sebelum Kepler.
01:24
When we see these little dips in the light,
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Apabila kami lihat kerlipan kecil di dalam cahaya,
01:26
we can determine a number of things.
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kita boleh menentukan beberapa perkara
01:28
For one thing, we can determine that there's a planet there,
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Salah satunya kita boleh menentukan bahawa ada planet di sana,
01:30
but also how big that planet is
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tetapi juga bagaimana besarnya planet tersebut
01:33
and how far it is away from its parent star.
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dan sejauh mana jaraknya dari bintang induk.
01:36
That distance is really important
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Jarak adalah penting
01:38
because it tells us
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kerana ia memberitahu kita
01:40
how much light the planet receives overall.
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berapa banyak cahaya planet tersebut menerima secara keseluruhan.
01:42
And that distance and knowing that amount of light is important
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Dan dengan jarak dan mengetahui bahawa jumlah cahaya adalah penting
01:45
because it's a little like you or I sitting around a campfire:
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kerana ia hampir seperti anda atau saya duduk di sekeliling unggun api.
01:48
You want to be close enough to the campfire so that you're warm,
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Anda ingin berada cukup dekat dengan unggun api supaya anda berasa hangat
01:50
but not so close
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tetapi tidak begitu dekat
01:52
that you're too toasty and you get burned.
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sehingga anda merasa terlalu panas dan melecur.
01:54
However, there's more to know about your parent star
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Walaubagaimanapun, banyak yang perlu diketahui tentang bintang induk anda
01:57
than just how much light you receive overall.
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selain betapa banyak cahaya anda terima secara keseluruhan.
01:59
And I'll tell you why.
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Dan saya akan memberitahu anda mengapa.
02:01
This is our star. This is our Sun.
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Ini adalah bintang kita. Ini adalah matahari kita
02:04
It's shown here in visible light.
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Ia dipaparkan di sini dalam cahaya yang boleh dilihat.
02:06
That's the light that you can see with your own human eyes.
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Itu cahaya yang anda boleh lihat dengan mata kasar anda sendiri.
02:08
You'll notice that it looks pretty much
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Anda akan sedar bahawa ia kelihatan
02:10
like the iconic yellow ball --
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seperti bola kuning --
02:12
that Sun that we all draw when we're children.
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matahari yang kita semua lukis di zaman kanak-kanak.
02:14
But you'll notice something else,
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Tetapi anda akan sedar sesuatu yang lain
02:16
and that's that the face of the Sun
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dan wajah Matahari itu
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has freckles.
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ada bintik-bintik.
02:20
These freckles are called sunspots,
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Bintik-bintik ini dipanggil tompok matahari,
02:22
and they are just one of the manifestations
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dan mereka hanyalah salah satu manifestasi
02:24
of the Sun's magnetic field.
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medan magnet Matahari.
02:26
They also cause the light from the star to vary.
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Mereka juga menyebabkan cahaya dari bintang berbeza-beza.
02:29
And we can measure this
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Dan kita boleh mengukurnya
02:31
very, very precisely with Kepler and trace their effects.
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sangat, sangat tepat dengan Kepler dan menjejaki kesan-kesan mereka.
02:34
However, these are just the tip of the iceberg.
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Walaubagaimanapun, ini hanya satu permulaan.
02:37
If we had UV eyes or X-ray eyes,
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Jika kita mempunyai mata UV atau mata X-ray,
02:40
we would really see
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kita benar-benar akan melihat
02:42
the dynamic and dramatic effects
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kesan-kesan yang dinamik dan dramatik
02:44
of our Sun's magnetic activity --
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tentang aktiviti magnet matahari kita -
02:46
the kind of thing that happens on other stars as well.
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jenis perkara yang berlaku pada bintang-bintang lain juga.
02:49
Just think, even when it's cloudy outside,
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Cuba fikirkan, walaupun ianya mendung di luar,
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these kind of events are happening
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peristiwa seperti begini tetap berlaku
02:53
in the sky above you all the time.
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sepanjang masa di langit.
02:57
So when we want to learn whether a planet is habitable,
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Apabila kita mahu belajar sama ada sebuah planet boleh didiami,
03:00
whether it might be amenable to life,
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sama ada ia mungkin sesuai dengan kehidupan,
03:02
we want to know not only how much total light it receives
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kita ingin tahu bukan sahaja berapa banyak jumlah cahaya yang diterimanya
03:04
and how warm it is,
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dan betapa panasnya,
03:06
but we want to know about its space weather --
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tetapi kami ingin tahu mengenai cuaca angkasa --
03:09
this high-energy radiation,
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sinaran bertenaga tinggi ini,
03:11
the UV and the X-rays
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UV dan X-ray
03:13
that are created by its star
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yang dicipta oleh bintangnya
03:15
and that bathe it in this bath of high-energy radiation.
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dan ia bermandian dalam sinaran bertenaga tinggi.
03:18
And so, we can't really look
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Jadi, kita tidak boleh benar-benar melihat
03:20
at planets around other stars
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di planet-planet di sekitar bintang-bintang lain
03:22
in the same kind of detail
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dengan cara yang sama
03:24
that we can look at planets in our own solar system.
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dengan kita boleh melihat planet dalam sistem solar kita sendiri.
03:27
I'm showing here Venus, Earth and Mars --
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Saya tunjukkan di sini Zuhrah, Bumi dan Marikh -
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three planets in our own solar system that are roughly the same size,
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tiga planet dalam sistem solar kita sendiri yang saiznya lebih kurang sama,
03:32
but only one of which
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tetapi hanya satu yang
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is really a good place to live.
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benar-benar tempat yang baik untuk hidup.
03:36
But what we can do in the meantime
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Tetapi apa yang boleh kita lakukan dalam masa yang sama
03:38
is measure the light from our stars
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adalah mengukur cahaya dari bintang kita
03:41
and learn about this relationship
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dan belajar mengenai hubungan ini
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between the planets and their parent stars
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antara planet dan bintang induk mereka
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to suss out clues
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untuk mencari petunjuk
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about which planets might be good places
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tentang planet yang mungkin menjadi tempat yang baik
03:49
to look for life in the universe.
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untuk mencari kehidupan di alam semesta.
03:51
Kepler won't find a planet
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Kepler tidak akan mencari planet
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around every single star it looks at.
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di sekitar setiap bintang yang ia lihat.
03:55
But really, every measurement it makes
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Tetapi sungguh, ukuran yang ia lakukan
03:57
is precious,
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adalah amat berharga,
03:59
because it's teaching us about the relationship
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kerana ia mengajar kita mengenai hubungan
04:01
between stars and planets,
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di antara bintang dan planet,
04:03
and how it's really the starlight
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dan bagaimana cahaya bintang
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that sets the stage
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yang memulakan
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for the formation of life in the universe.
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pembentukan kehidupan di alam semesta.
04:09
While it's Kepler the telescope, the instrument that stares,
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Walaupun Kepler sebuah teleskop, peralatan yang merenung,
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it's we, life, who are searching.
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ianya adalah kita, yang sedang mencari
04:15
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
04:17
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Lucianne Walkowicz - Stellar astronomerLucianne Walkowicz works on NASA's Kepler mission, studying starspots and "the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares."
Why you should listen
Lucianne Walkowicz is an Astronomer at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago. She studies stellar magnetic activity and how stars influence a planet's suitability as a host for alien life. She is also an artist and works in a variety of media, from oil paint to sound. She got her taste for astronomy as an undergrad at Johns Hopkins, testing detectors for the Hubble Space Telescope’s new camera (installed in 2002). She also learned to love the dark stellar denizens of our galaxy, the red dwarfs, which became the topic of her PhD dissertation at University of Washington. Nowadays, she works on NASA’s Kepler mission, studying starspots and the tempestuous tantrums of stellar flares to understand stellar magnetic fields. She is particularly interested in how the high energy radiation from stars influences the habitability of planets around alien suns. Lucianne is also a leader in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a new project that will scan the sky every night for 10 years to create a huge cosmic movie of our Universe.
Lucianne Walkowicz | Speaker | TED.com