Kate Stafford: How human noise affects ocean habitats
Kate Stafford: Hur människoljud påverkar havets livsmiljö
Kate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales. Full bio
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by Jacques Cousteau won
av Jacques Cousteau
"Le Monde Du Silence,"
the underwater world was a quiet world.
undervattensvärlden var tyst.
is anything but silent.
är allt annat än tyst.
are inaudible above water
ovanom vattenytan,
and the time of year,
as any jungle or rainforest.
bullrig som en djungel eller regnskog.
fish and marine mammals
fiskar och marina däggdjur
studera sina habitat,
to know something about their environment.
information om sin omgivning.
inhospitable place,
ogästvänligt område,
that I would rather be than the Arctic,
skulle vara på än Arktis,
and spring comes.
och våren närmar sig.
embodies this disconnect
and what's going on underwater.
och vad som sker under ytan.
all white and blue and cold --
allt är vitt, blått och kallt -
would at first amaze
nothing for kilometers but ice,
kilometer på kilometer av is
are bowhead and beluga whales,
grönlandsvalar och vitvalar,
and pops and groans,
och smäller och stönar
or currents or winds change.
temperatur, ström eller vind ändrar.
in the dead of winter,
under heltäckande is,
we navigate our world.
and light transmit poorly,
ljus har svårt att röra sig,
over great distances.
på långa avstånd.
is especially important,
mammals have to hear each other,
marina däggdjuren som ska höra varandra,
for cues in the environment
signaler från omgivningen
heavy ice ahead or open water.
tjock is eller öppet vatten.
most of their lives underwater,
största delen av livet under vatten
for thin ice or no ice,
tunn is eller öppen yta,
and varied underwater soundscape.
och varierande undervattensljudlandskap.
shifts or current changes,
inte skiftar alltför mycket,
of the lowest ambient noise levels
omgivande ljudnivåerna
in seasonal sea ice,
greenhouse gas emissions.
människans växthusgasutsläpp.
experiment with our planet.
experiment på vår planet.
decreases in seasonal sea ice
på vissa områden
six weeks to four months.
till fyra månader.
referred to as an increase
kallas ibland en förlängning
the Arctic is navigable to vessels.
Arktis är segelbart med fartyg.
of ice changing,
som ändras,
håller på att ändras.
is causing a loss of habitat
ett mindre habitat
or walrus, or polar bears.
och isbjörnar.
increased erosion along coastal villages,
ökad erosion längs kustbyar
for marine birds and mammals.
marinfåglar och däggdjur.
minskade havsisen
soundscape of the Arctic.
under vattnet i Arktis.
on the oceans for a living
the different contributors
de olika faktorerna
of climate change.
from three fronts:
or a static in the background.
eller en störning i bakgrunden.
doesn't make it into the water column,
inte vattenskiktet
between the atmosphere and the water.
mellan atmosfären och vattnet.
very low ambient noise levels.
omgivningsljudnivåer.
to this wave noise,
and the intensity of storms in the Arctic
och stormarnas intensitet
in a previously quiet ocean.
i ett tidigare tyst hav.
that is created by more open water.
som skapats av det öppna havet.
grönlandsvalen,
and swim in ice-covered waters,
och simma i istäckta vatten.
off of your back is not very conducive
är väldigt opraktiskt
animals from the ice.
vissa djur borta från isen.
of fin whales and humpback whales
by subarctic species.
invasion av Arktis.
between Arctic and subarctic animals?
mellan de arktiska och subarktiska djuren?
diseases or parasites into the Arctic?
sjukdomar och parasiter till Arktis?
that they are producing
de producerar
increased human use of the Arctic.
mer människonärvaro i Arktis.
through the Northwest Passage --
genom nordvästpassagen -
between Europe and the Pacific.
mellan Europa och Stilla havet.
humans to occupy the Arctic more often.
att överta Arktis oftare.
and gas exploration and extraction,
gasutforskning och -utvinning,
levels of stress hormones in whales
valarnas stresshormonnivåer
low-frequency "whoomps"
lågfrekventa omph-ljud
behavior of whales.
are decreasing the acoustic space
förminskar det akustiska utrymme
can communicate.
kan kommunicera.
are used to very high levels of noise
vana vid höga ljudnivåer
animals or from sea ice,
från andra djur eller havsisen,
with which they've evolved,
to their very survival.
deras överlevnad.
are loud and they're alien.
in ways that we think we understand,
vi tror oss förstå,
important sense for these animals.
sinnet för dessa djur.
of the Arctic changing rapidly,
som ändras fort,
from the quiet countryside
från en tyst landsbygd
in the middle of rush hour.
mitt i rusningstiden.
from migrating north,
från att migrera norrut,
orsakade av människor.
is to slow down ships
är att sakta ner fartyg
in seasons and regions
säsonger och till områden
or feeding or migrating.
mat eller migration.
to explore the ocean bottom.
att utforska havsbottnen.
working on this right now.
arbetar med detta just nu.
least decelerating
eller åtminstone sakta ner
orsakade av människan.
of a silent world underwater.
en tyst undervattensvärld.
swimming in the Arctic today,
som simmar i Arktis idag,
like the bowhead whale
som grönlandsvalen
two human lives --
were alive in 1956,
we are creating in the oceans today,
vi producerar i haven idag,
"Den tysta världen".
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Stafford - OceanographerKate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales.
Why you should listen
Dr. Kate Stafford has worked in marine habitats all over the world, from the tropics to the poles, and is fortunate enough to have seen (and recorded) blue whales in every ocean in which they occur. Stafford's current research focuses on the changing acoustic environment of the Arctic and how changes from declining sea ice to increasing industrial human use may be influencing subarctic and Arctic marine mammals.
Stafford is a Principal Oceanographer at the Applied Physics Lab and affiliate Associate Professor in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington in Seattle. She has degrees in French literature and biology from the University of California at Santa Cruz and wildlife science (MS) and oceanography (PhD) from Oregon State University. Before going to graduate school, she lived as a Fulbright scholar for a year in Paris studying Medieval French literature. Stafford's research has been featured in Wild Blue: a Natural History of the World's Largest Animal by Dan Bortolotti, the New York Times "Scientist at Work" blog, The Planet magazine, and in Highlights for Children magazine. She has collaborated with artists around the world, providing sounds for multimedia art exhibits.
Kate Stafford | Speaker | TED.com