Kate Stafford: How human noise affects ocean habitats
凱特·斯塔福德: 人為噪音如何影響了海洋棲地
Kate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
by Jacques Cousteau won
"Le Monde Du Silence,"
the underwater world was a quiet world.
水下是個寂靜的世界。
is anything but silent.
are inaudible above water
and the time of year,
以及你身處何處,
as any jungle or rainforest.
或熱帶雨林般吵雜。
fish and marine mammals
魚類,以及海洋哺乳動物
to know something about their environment.
inhospitable place,
that I would rather be than the Arctic,
勝過地球的任何其他地點,
and spring comes.
embodies this disconnect
and what's going on underwater.
all white and blue and cold --
would at first amaze
nothing for kilometers but ice,
冰面上似無一物,
are bowhead and beluga whales,
and pops and groans,
或當溫度、洋流、風向變化時,
or currents or winds change.
in the dead of winter,
we navigate our world.
and light transmit poorly,
光線又不好,
over great distances.
is especially important,
mammals have to hear each other,
不僅必須彼此互聽,
for cues in the environment
heavy ice ahead or open water.
還是一片開放的水域。
most of their lives underwater,
for thin ice or no ice,
薄冰、無冰的地方,
and varied underwater soundscape.
富含各種水下音景的地方。
shifts or current changes,
of the lowest ambient noise levels
in seasonal sea ice,
greenhouse gas emissions.
experiment with our planet.
decreases in seasonal sea ice
six weeks to four months.
referred to as an increase
the Arctic is navigable to vessels.
of ice changing,
is causing a loss of habitat
or walrus, or polar bears.
increased erosion along coastal villages,
沿海村莊的侵蝕增加,
for marine birds and mammals.
soundscape of the Arctic.
on the oceans for a living
the different contributors
of climate change.
from three fronts:
or a static in the background.
doesn't make it into the water column,
between the atmosphere and the water.
very low ambient noise levels.
to this wave noise,
聽得到波浪的噪音,
and the intensity of storms in the Arctic
in a previously quiet ocean.
that is created by more open water.
and swim in ice-covered waters,
在冰覆的水域裡游泳及生活,
off of your back is not very conducive
animals from the ice.
of fin whales and humpback whales
by subarctic species.
between Arctic and subarctic animals?
會爭奪食物嗎?
diseases or parasites into the Arctic?
帶入北極嗎?
that they are producing
increased human use of the Arctic.
更多人類利用北極。
through the Northwest Passage --
between Europe and the Pacific.
歐洲和太平洋之間的神話路線。
humans to occupy the Arctic more often.
人類更頻繁地佔用北極,
and gas exploration and extraction,
levels of stress hormones in whales
會提高鯨魚體中的壓力激素量,
low-frequency "whoomps"
大聲而低頻轟聲的氣槍,
behavior of whales.
are decreasing the acoustic space
可用來溝通的音域頻寬。
can communicate.
are used to very high levels of noise
animals or from sea ice,
其他動物或海冰的聲音,
with which they've evolved,
to their very survival.
are loud and they're alien.
in ways that we think we understand,
important sense for these animals.
最重要的感知方式。
of the Arctic changing rapidly,
from the quiet countryside
玃取這些動物,
in the middle of rush hour.
交通尖峰時刻的大城市裡,
from migrating north,
is to slow down ships
in seasons and regions
或遷徙季節和地區
or feeding or migrating.
to explore the ocean bottom.
working on this right now.
least decelerating
of a silent world underwater.
寂靜的水下世界這個想法。
swimming in the Arctic today,
like the bowhead whale
two human lives --
是人類的雙倍,
were alive in 1956,
雅克·庫斯托拍攝紀錄片的時候
we are creating in the oceans today,
我們在海洋中製造的噪音,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Stafford - OceanographerKate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales.
Why you should listen
Dr. Kate Stafford has worked in marine habitats all over the world, from the tropics to the poles, and is fortunate enough to have seen (and recorded) blue whales in every ocean in which they occur. Stafford's current research focuses on the changing acoustic environment of the Arctic and how changes from declining sea ice to increasing industrial human use may be influencing subarctic and Arctic marine mammals.
Stafford is a Principal Oceanographer at the Applied Physics Lab and affiliate Associate Professor in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington in Seattle. She has degrees in French literature and biology from the University of California at Santa Cruz and wildlife science (MS) and oceanography (PhD) from Oregon State University. Before going to graduate school, she lived as a Fulbright scholar for a year in Paris studying Medieval French literature. Stafford's research has been featured in Wild Blue: a Natural History of the World's Largest Animal by Dan Bortolotti, the New York Times "Scientist at Work" blog, The Planet magazine, and in Highlights for Children magazine. She has collaborated with artists around the world, providing sounds for multimedia art exhibits.
Kate Stafford | Speaker | TED.com