Mission Blue II
Mike Velings: The case for fish farming
麦克 维林斯: 养殖鱼类的原因
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我们正迈向一个全球的粮食危机：将近30亿人口依赖海洋食物，但目前的状况，我们的过度捕捞已经超过海洋本身的自然替换量。在这个充满事实、大开眼界的谈话中，企业家兼环保人士的麦克．维林斯（Mike Velings）提出一个解决方法：水产养殖，或鱼类养殖。＂我们现在对待海洋必须像个农夫一样，而不是猎人。＂他引用 Jacques Cousteau的话说。＂那一天终将到来，人们将会要求在他们的地球上养鱼，养得好且健康——并拒绝任何不健康的东西。“
Mike Velings - Entrepreneur and conservationist
Mike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. Full bio
Mike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I come from the tallest
people on the planet --
people on the planet --
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我来自一个人均身高最高的国家－
00:15
the Dutch.
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荷兰。
00:17
It hasn't always been this way.
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然而并不是一直如此的。
00:19
In fact, all across the globe,
people have been gaining height.
people have been gaining height.
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事实上，全球各地，
人们的身高都有所增加。
人们的身高都有所增加。
00:22
In the last 150 years,
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在过去的150年中，
00:23
in developed countries,
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在发达国家，
00:25
on average, we have gotten
10 centimeters taller.
10 centimeters taller.
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平均身高增加了10厘米。
00:28
And scientists have a lot
of theories about why this is,
of theories about why this is,
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科学家们对此有许多不同的理论，
00:30
but almost all of them involve nutrition,
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但几乎所有都与营养有关，
00:33
namely the increase of dairy and meat.
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换句话说，肉和奶制品的增加。
00:36
In the last 50 years,
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在过去的50年里
00:37
global meat consumption
has more than quadrupled,
has more than quadrupled,
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全球范围内肉类的购买量
增涨已经超过了4倍，
增涨已经超过了4倍，
00:40
from 71 million tons to 310 million tons.
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从七千一百万万吨
上升到三亿一千万吨。
上升到三亿一千万吨。
00:44
Something similar has been going on
with milk and eggs.
with milk and eggs.
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牛奶和鸡蛋也有相同的情况。
00:48
In every society where incomes have risen,
so has protein consumption.
so has protein consumption.
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无论在哪里，蛋白质的购买力
会随收入的增加而增加。
会随收入的增加而增加。
00:53
And we know that globally,
we are getting richer.
we are getting richer.
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众所周知地，
全球都在变得更加富有。
全球都在变得更加富有。
00:56
And as the middle class is on the rise,
so is our global population,
so is our global population,
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随着中产阶级人口上升，
全球的人口也跟着上升，
全球的人口也跟着上升，
00:59
from 7 billion of us today
to 9.7 billion by 2050,
to 9.7 billion by 2050,
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到2050年，全球人口会从
70 亿增加到 97 亿。
70 亿增加到 97 亿。
01:04
which means that by 2050,
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这就意味着到那时，
01:05
we are going to need at least
70 percent more protein
70 percent more protein
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我们需要的蛋白质将比
01:08
than what is available to humankind today.
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现在地球所拥有的多出70%。
01:11
And the latest prediction of the UN
puts that population number,
puts that population number,
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根据联合国的最新预测，
01:14
by the end of this century, at 11 billion,
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到这个世纪末，人口数会达到110亿，
01:16
which means that we are going
to need a lot more protein.
to need a lot more protein.
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就是说，我们会需要相当多的蛋白质。
01:21
This challenge is staggering --
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这个挑战是令人难以置信的－
01:22
so much so, that recently,
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实在太多了，所以最近
01:24
a team at Anglia Ruskin
Global Sustainability Institute suggested
Global Sustainability Institute suggested
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一个安格利亚鲁斯金的
全球可持续发展研究所团队的声称，
全球可持续发展研究所团队的声称，
01:27
that if we don't change
our global policies
our global policies
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如果我们不改变
我们全球的政策
我们全球的政策
01:29
and food production systems,
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和食物生产机制，
01:31
our societies might actually collapse
in the next 30 years.
in the next 30 years.
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我们的社会在下一个30年
也许真的会崩馈。
也许真的会崩馈。
01:36
Currently, our ocean serves
as the main source of animal protein.
as the main source of animal protein.
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目前，海洋是我们主要的蛋白质来源。
01:40
Over 2.6 billion people
depend on it every single day.
depend on it every single day.
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每一天有超过26亿人依赖于此，
01:45
At the same time,
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与此同时，
01:46
our global fisheries
are two-and-a-half times larger
are two-and-a-half times larger
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我们目前的全球渔货量
01:49
than what our oceans
can sustainably support,
can sustainably support,
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是我们海洋可持续供应量的两倍半。
01:51
meaning that humans take
far more fish from the ocean
far more fish from the ocean
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简单来说，人类在海洋
01:54
than the oceans can naturally replace.
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取得的渔获量远远超过
海洋本身的自然替换量。
海洋本身的自然替换量。
01:56
WWF recently published a report
showing that just in the last 40 years,
showing that just in the last 40 years,
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世界野生动物基金会
最近发表一篇报告指出，近 40 年
最近发表一篇报告指出，近 40 年
02:01
our global marine life
has been slashed in half.
has been slashed in half.
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全球海洋生物数量已经被削减了一半。
02:04
And another recent report suggests
that of our largest predatory species,
that of our largest predatory species,
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另外最新一份报告声称，
我们所知的最大的食肉物种，
我们所知的最大的食肉物种，
02:09
such as swordfish and bluefin tuna,
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比如剑鱼和蓝鳍鲔鱼，
02:11
over 90 percent has disappeared
since the 1950s.
since the 1950s.
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从1950年代起，超过 90% 已经消失。
02:15
And there are a lot of great, sustainable
fishing initiatives across the planet
fishing initiatives across the planet
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全球有很多规模很大，
可持续经营的水产业者，
可持续经营的水产业者，
02:19
working towards better practices
and better-managed fisheries.
and better-managed fisheries.
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正朝更好的实务经验与渔业管理迈进。
02:23
But ultimately,
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但最终，
02:24
all of these initiatives are working
towards keeping current catch constant.
towards keeping current catch constant.
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这些业者仍
保持不变的渔获量继续前进，
保持不变的渔获量继续前进，
02:28
It's unlikely,
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那么，
02:29
even with the best-managed fisheries,
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即使有最好的渔业管理，
02:31
that we are going to be able to take
much more from the ocean
much more from the ocean
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我们也不太可能从海洋捕获
比现在更多的渔量。
02:34
than we do today.
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我们必须停止掠夺海洋。
02:35
We have to stop plundering
our oceans the way we have.
our oceans the way we have.
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02:38
We need to alleviate the pressure on it.
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我们必须减轻海洋的压力，
02:40
And we are at a point
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我们现在正在一个转折点上，
02:42
where if we push much harder
for more produce,
for more produce,
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如果我们为了更多的渔获量
而施加更多的压力，
而施加更多的压力，
02:44
we might face total collapse.
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我们可能会面临全面性的崩盘。
02:47
Our current systems are not going to feed
a growing global population.
a growing global population.
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我们目前的系统无法满足
全球持续增长的人口。
全球持续增长的人口。
02:52
So how do we fix this?
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所以我们如何才能解决这个问题呢？
02:54
What's the world going to look like
in just 35 short years
in just 35 short years
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如果多出的27亿人口，
享用同样的资源，
享用同样的资源，
02:56
when there's 2.7 billion more of us
sharing the same resources?
sharing the same resources?
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往后的35年，世界会怎么样？
03:01
We could all become vegan.
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我们可以都变成素食者。
03:02
Sounds like a great idea,
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听起来是一个很棒的主意，
03:04
but it's not realistic
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但这并不现实
03:06
and it's impossibly hard
to mandate globally.
to mandate globally.
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而且根本不可能
全球性的强制执行。
全球性的强制执行。
03:08
People are eating animal protein
whether we like it or not.
whether we like it or not.
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不管我们想不想这样，
人们会继续食用动物性蛋白。
人们会继续食用动物性蛋白。
03:12
And suppose we fail to change our ways
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假如我们不能改变我们的生活方式
03:14
and continue on the current path,
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继续走原路，
03:16
failing to meet demands.
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肯定无法满足未来的需求。
03:18
The World Health Organization
recently reported
recently reported
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WHO全球卫生组织最近报告称
03:20
that 800 million people are suffering
from malnutrition and food shortage,
from malnutrition and food shortage,
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有 8 亿人口正忍受着
营养不良与食物短缺，
营养不良与食物短缺，
03:24
which is due to that same
growing, global population
growing, global population
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原因就是不断增长的全球人口，
03:28
and the declining access to resources
like water, energy and land.
like water, energy and land.
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及可用资源的下降，
比如水、能源和土地。
比如水、能源和土地。
03:33
It takes very little imagination
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稍微想像一下，
03:35
to picture a world of global unrest,
riots and further malnutrition.
riots and further malnutrition.
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就可以描绘出
一个动荡、暴乱且饥荒的世界。
一个动荡、暴乱且饥荒的世界。
03:40
People are hungry,
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人们饥肠辘辘，
03:41
and we are running dangerously low
on natural resources.
on natural resources.
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自然资源严重不足。
03:45
For so, so many reasons,
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因为以上如此多的原因，
03:46
we need to change our global
food production systems.
food production systems.
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我们必须改变我们全球的食物生产机制
03:50
We must do better
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我们必须做到更好
03:51
and there is a solution.
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而且有一个解决方案。
03:52
And that solution lies in aquaculture --
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这个解决方案就是水产养殖——
03:55
the farming of fish, plants like seaweed,
shellfish and crustaceans.
shellfish and crustaceans.
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养殖鱼类，海藻类的植物，
贝类和甲壳类动物。
贝类和甲壳类动物。
03:59
As the great ocean hero
Jacques Cousteau once said,
Jacques Cousteau once said,
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伟大的海洋英雄
Jacques Cousteau 曾经说过，
Jacques Cousteau 曾经说过，
04:02
"We must start using the ocean
as farmers instead of hunters.
as farmers instead of hunters.
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“ 我们现在对待海洋必须像个
农夫一样，而不是猎人。
农夫一样，而不是猎人。
04:05
That's what civilization is all about --
farming instead of hunting."
farming instead of hunting."
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这是身为人类应该做的事——
养殖，而不是捕捞。」
养殖，而不是捕捞。」
04:09
Fish is the last food that we hunt.
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鱼是我们最后能捕捉的食物。
04:12
And why is it that we keep
hearing phrases like,
hearing phrases like,
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这也是为什么我们经常听到，
04:15
"Life's too short for farmed fish,"
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“养殖鱼的生命太短暂了，”
04:17
or, "Wild-caught, of course!"
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还有，“野外捕捉，当然！”
04:19
over fish that we know
virtually nothing about?
virtually nothing about?
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实际上我们对于鱼类一无所知。
04:21
We don't know what it ate
during its lifetime,
during its lifetime,
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我们不知道它们吃什么，
04:23
and we don't know what
pollution it encounters.
pollution it encounters.
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不知道它们会遇到怎样的污染。
04:25
And if it was a large predatory species,
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以及如果它是大型的肉食种类，
04:27
it might have gone through the coast
of Fukushima yesterday.
of Fukushima yesterday.
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它很有可能昨天刚路过
日本福岛的海岸。
日本福岛的海岸。
04:30
We don't know.
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我们一无所知。
04:31
Very few people realize
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很少人意识到
04:33
the traceability in fisheries
never goes beyond the hunter
never goes beyond the hunter
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渔业的追踪技术，从未输过给
04:37
that caught the wild animal.
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打猎的猎人。
04:38
But let's back up for a second
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让我们回到刚刚提到的话题，
04:40
and talk about why fish
is the best food choice.
is the best food choice.
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为什么鱼类是最好的食物选择。
04:42
It's healthy,
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它是健康的，
04:43
it prevents heart disease,
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它能预防心脏疾病，
04:45
it provides key amino acids
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它是提供氨基酸和
04:46
and key fatty acids like Omega-3s,
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脂肪酸的主要来源，
04:49
which is very different from almost
any other type of meat.
any other type of meat.
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这使它和其他肉类有很大区别。
04:52
And aside from being healthy,
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除了健康之外，
04:53
it's also a lot more exciting and diverse.
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它具有着极大的多样性。
04:56
Think about it -- most animal farming
is pretty monotonous.
is pretty monotonous.
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想一想吧--大部分畜牧业
都非常单调乏味。
都非常单调乏味。
04:59
Cow is cow, sheep is sheep, pig's pig,
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牛就是牛，羊就是羊，猪就是猪，
05:02
and poultry -- turkey, duck, chicken --
pretty much sums it up.
pretty much sums it up.
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以及家禽--火鸡、鸭、鸡，
几乎就是这几样而已。
几乎就是这几样而已。
05:06
And then there's 500 species of fish
being farmed currently.
being farmed currently.
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但目前大约有500种鱼类被养殖着。
05:11
not that Western supermarkets
reflect that on their shelves,
reflect that on their shelves,
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并非西方社会超市场架上
展示的那一些产品，
展示的那一些产品，
05:14
but that's beside that point.
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但这不是重点。
05:15
And you can farm fish
in a very healthy manner
in a very healthy manner
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你可以用非常健康的方式养殖鱼类，
05:18
that's good for us, good for the planet
and good for the fish.
and good for the fish.
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这对我们，地球和鱼类都是有益的。
05:22
I know I sound fish-obsessed --
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我知道我听起来像个鱼类的狂热粉
05:24
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:26
Let me explain:
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让我解释一下：
05:27
My brilliant partner and wife,
Amy Novograntz, and I got involved
Amy Novograntz, and I got involved
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我杰出的太太，Amy Novograntz 和我
05:30
in aquaculture a couple of years ago.
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几年前一起踏入水产养殖业。
05:32
We were inspired by Sylvia Earle,
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我们受到 Sylvia Earle 启发，
05:34
who won the TED Prize in 2009.
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她是 2009 年TED的年度获奖者。
05:37
We actually met on Mission Blue I
in the Galapagos.
in the Galapagos.
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我们实际是在 Galapagos 的
蓝色 1 号任务相识。
蓝色 1 号任务相识。
05:41
Amy was there as the TED Prize Director;
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Amy是 TED 奖项的负责人；
05:43
me, an entrepreneur from the Netherlands
and concerned citizen,
and concerned citizen,
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我，一个来自荷兰的忧心的市民及企业家，
05:46
love to dive, passion for the oceans.
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喜欢潜水、热爱海洋。
05:49
Mission Blue truly changed our lives.
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蓝色任务真的改变了我们的生命，
05:51
We fell in love,
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我们相爱，
05:52
got married
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结婚
05:54
and we came away really inspired,
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一路走来我们备受鼓舞，
05:56
thinking we really want to do something
about ocean conservation --
about ocean conservation --
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并认真考虑着我们要为
海洋保护做点事情
海洋保护做点事情
05:59
something that was meant to last,
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一件可足够维持、
06:01
that could make a real difference
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能真正改变现状的事情，
06:04
and something that we could do together.
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一件我们可以一起做的事情
06:07
Little did we expect that that would
lead us to fish farming.
lead us to fish farming.
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我们没想到这会引领
我们来到鱼类养殖的领域。
我们来到鱼类养殖的领域。
06:11
But a few months after
we got off the boat,
we got off the boat,
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但我们下船后几个月，
06:13
we got to a meeting
at Conservation International,
at Conservation International,
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我们收到另一个国际会议的邀请，
06:16
where the Director General of WorldFish
was talking about aquaculture,
was talking about aquaculture,
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在那里世界渔业总局的局长要
做一个有关水产养殖的演讲，
做一个有关水产养殖的演讲，
06:20
asking a room full of environmentalists
to stop turning from it,
to stop turning from it,
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请求满间的环保人士抛去成见，
06:24
realize what was going on
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了解现在究竟发生了什么，
06:26
and to really get involved
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并参与其中
06:27
because aquaculture has the potential
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因为水产养殖有潜力
06:29
to be just what our oceans
and populations need.
and populations need.
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同时满足大海与人类的需求。
06:33
We were stunned when we heard the stats
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当我们听到数字时很吃惊，
06:35
that we didn't know more
about this industry already
about this industry already
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我们不知道这个产业
已经到达这种状况
已经到达这种状况
06:37
and excited about the chance
to help get it right.
to help get it right.
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而且对帮助这个产业
感到相当兴奋。
感到相当兴奋。
06:41
And to talk about stats --
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谈到数据，
06:42
right now, the amount of fish
consumed globally,
consumed globally,
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目前，全球鱼类的消费，
06:45
wild catch and farmed combined,
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包括野生猎捕与养殖的
06:47
is twice the tonnage
of the total amount of beef
of the total amount of beef
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全球的总数
06:50
produced on planet earth last year.
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是去年牛肉产量的两倍，
06:52
Every single fishing vessel combined,
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全球的捕渔船，
06:54
small and large, across the globe,
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不管小的、大的，统计起来，
06:56
together produce about 65 million tons
of wild-caught seafood
of wild-caught seafood
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每年总共捕捞野生海鲜
6500 万吨
6500 万吨
07:00
for human consumption.
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供全人类消费。
07:02
Aquaculture this year,
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养殖渔业今年的产量，
07:03
for the first time in history,
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是有史以来，
07:05
actually produces more
than what we catch from the wild.
than what we catch from the wild.
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第一次突破我们从海洋捕捞的总量。
07:08
But now this:
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但现状是这样的：
07:10
Demand is going to go up.
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需求一直上升，
07:12
In the next 35 years,
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在未来的35年中，
07:13
we are going to need an additional
85 million tons to meet demand,
85 million tons to meet demand,
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我们还需要额外的
8500 万公吨来满足需求，
8500 万公吨来满足需求，
07:18
which is one-and-a-half times
as much, almost,
as much, almost,
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差不多是 1.5 倍相较于
07:21
as what we catch globally
out of our oceans.
out of our oceans.
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我们从全球海洋捕捞的总量，
07:25
An enormous number.
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这是相当大的数字，
07:26
It's safe to assume that that's not
going to come from the ocean.
going to come from the ocean.
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很明显这不可能全部从海洋获取。
07:29
It needs to come from farming.
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它需要来自养殖。
07:32
And talk about farming --
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而谈到养殖业
07:33
for farming you need resources.
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养殖也需要资源。
07:36
As a human needs to eat
to grow and stay alive,
to grow and stay alive,
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就像人类，需要每天吃东西
长大维持生命一样，
长大维持生命一样，
07:39
so does an animal.
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动物也一样。
07:40
A cow needs to eat
eight to nine pounds of feed
eight to nine pounds of feed
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一头牛需要吃8-9吨的饲料
07:43
and drink almost 8,000 liters of water
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喝大约8000升的水
07:46
to create just one pound of meat.
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才能产出 1 磅的肉。
07:48
Experts agree that it's impossible
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专家认为
07:50
to farm cows for every
inhabitant on this planet.
inhabitant on this planet.
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利用养牛的方式来满足
地球上每个人的需求是不可能的。
地球上每个人的需求是不可能的。
07:53
We just don't have enough feed or water.
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我们根本没有足够的饲料与水源。
07:56
And we can't keep cutting down
rain forests for it.
rain forests for it.
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而且我们不能因此而砍掉
雨林来满足这个需求。
雨林来满足这个需求。
07:59
And fresh water -- planet earth
has a very limited supply.
has a very limited supply.
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还有淡水-
地球能提供的量相当有限。
地球能提供的量相当有限。
08:02
We need something more efficient
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我们需要更高效率的东西
08:04
to keep humankind alive on this planet.
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使地球的人类生存。
08:08
And now let's compare
that with fish farming.
that with fish farming.
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现在，让我们用这个
与水产养殖做比较。
与水产养殖做比较。
08:11
You can farm one pound of fish
with just one pound of feed,
with just one pound of feed,
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养殖一磅的鱼只需要一磅的饲料，
08:15
and depending on species, even less.
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依种类而不同，有的甚至更少。
08:17
And why is that?
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为什么呢？
08:20
Well, that's because fish,
first of all, float.
first of all, float.
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首先，鱼是在水中浮游着的。
08:22
They don't need to stand around all day
resisting gravity like we do.
resisting gravity like we do.
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他们不用整天像我们一样，
需要对抗地心引力的站立。
需要对抗地心引力的站立。
08:26
And most fish are cold-blooded --
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而且大部分的鱼属于冷血动物，
08:28
they don't need to heat themselves.
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他们不需要保持恒温。
08:30
Fish chills.
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鱼自带冷气特效。
08:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
08:33
And it needs very little water,
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并且它只要非常少量的水，
08:34
which is counterintuitive,
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这和我们的常识相悖，
08:35
but as we say,
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但如我们所说的，
08:37
it swims in it but it hardly drinks it.
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它在水里游但几乎不喝水。
08:39
Fish are the most resource-efficient
animal protein available to humankind,
animal protein available to humankind,
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鱼也是人类摄取蛋白质
最有资源效率的食物，
最有资源效率的食物，
08:44
aside from insects.
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除昆虫以外
08:47
How much we've learned since.
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我们目前了解多少？
08:49
For example, on top of that
65 million tons that's annually caught
65 million tons that's annually caught
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3437
举个例子，除了每年有 6500万吨的捕捞
08:52
for human consumption,
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供人类消费，
08:54
there's an additional 30 million tons
caught for animal feed,
caught for animal feed,
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3987
还有另外300万吨的捕捞供动物饲料，
08:58
mostly sardines and anchovies
for the aquaculture industry
for the aquaculture industry
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大部分的沙丁鱼和凤尾鱼，
是供水产养殖业用的，
是供水产养殖业用的，
09:02
that's turned into fish meal and fish oil.
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但现在转变成鱼粉和鱼油。
09:04
This is madness.
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这太疯狂了。
09:06
Sixty-five percent of these fisheries,
globally, are badly managed.
globally, are badly managed.
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3572
全球 65% 的这些捕鱼业者，
大部分都经营不善。
大部分都经营不善。
09:10
Some of the worst issues
of our time are connected to it.
of our time are connected to it.
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我们这世代最糟糕的事件都与他们息息相关。
09:12
It's destroying our oceans.
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他们会毁掉我们的海洋。
09:14
The worst slavery issues
imaginable are connected to it.
imaginable are connected to it.
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542200
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能想到的最骇人的
奴吏事件都与他们有关。
奴吏事件都与他们有关。
09:17
Recently, an article came out of Stanford
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最近，一篇来自斯坦福的文章
09:20
saying that if 50 percent
of the world's aquaculture industry
of the world's aquaculture industry
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指出，如果 50% 的全球水产养殖业者
09:23
would stop using fish meal,
209
551433
1302
可以停止使用鱼粉，
09:24
our oceans would be saved.
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1650
我们的海洋就有救了。
09:26
Now think about that for a minute.
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1655
现在，思考一下。
09:28
Now, we know that the oceans
have far more problems --
have far more problems --
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3020
我们知道海洋有一大堆问题
09:31
they have pollution,
there's acidification,
there's acidification,
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2785
有污染，酸化，
09:34
coral reef destruction and so on.
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1583
珊瑚礁破坏等等。
09:35
But it underlines the impact
of our fisheries,
of our fisheries,
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2537
但它凸显了对我们渔业的影响、
09:38
and it underlines how
interconnected everything is.
interconnected everything is.
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2575
凸显了每件发生的事的相互关联。
09:41
Fisheries, aquaculture, deforestation,
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3616
渔业，水产养殖，森林滥筏，
09:45
climate change, food security and so on.
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3034
气候变化以及食物安全等等。
09:48
In the search for alternatives,
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1502
关于替代品的寻找，
09:50
the industry, on a massive scale,
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2055
在很大程度上，
已经恢复到以植物为基础的替代品，
09:52
has reverted to plant-based alternatives
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2163
09:54
like soy, industrial chicken waste,
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2853
比如大豆，产业鸡粪，
09:57
blood meal from slaughterhouses
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1842
来自屠宰场的血粉
09:59
and so on.
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1255
等等。
10:00
And we understand where
these choices come from,
these choices come from,
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2464
我们知道这些选择来自哪里，
10:03
but this is not the right approach.
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2129
但这不是正确的选择。
10:05
It's not sustainable,
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1255
这是不稳定的，
10:06
it's not healthy.
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594568
1174
也不健康。
10:07
Have you ever seen a chicken
at the bottom of the ocean?
at the bottom of the ocean?
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2663
你有看过鸡在海底的吗？
10:10
Of course not.
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1351
当然没有，
10:11
If you feed salmon soy with nothing else,
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2196
如果你只喂大豆给三文鱼吃
10:14
it literally explodes.
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1762
它会直接爆裂。
10:16
Salmon is a carnivore,
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1152
它是食肉动物，
10:17
it has no way to digest soy.
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605639
1895
无法消化大豆。
10:21
Now, fish farming is by far
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609049
2122
目前为止，鱼类养殖是人类
10:23
the best animal farming
available to humankind.
available to humankind.
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2317
最佳的动物养殖方式。
10:25
But it's had a really bad reputation.
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2372
但它的名声并不好。
10:28
There's been excessive use of chemicals,
238
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2179
它们过量使用化学剂量，
10:30
there's been virus and disease
transfered to wild populations,
transfered to wild populations,
239
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3180
已经有病毒和疾病传染给野生的物种，
10:33
ecosystem destruction and pollution,
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生态被破坏和污染，
10:36
escaped fish breeding
with wild populations,
with wild populations,
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2214
逃离的鱼类和野生物种繁殖后代，
10:38
altering the overall genetic pool,
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2000
改变了原本的基因库，
10:40
and then of course, as just mentioned,
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2466
然后，如刚刚所说的，
10:42
the unsustainable feed ingredients.
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2079
不稳定的喂养因素。
10:45
How blessed were the days
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633396
1243
我们可以享受盘中的美食
10:46
when we could just enjoy
food that was on our plate,
food that was on our plate,
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2447
无论是山珍海味，还是粗茶淡饭，
10:49
whatever it was.
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1205
都是我们莫大的幸运啊。
10:50
Once you know, you know.
248
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1539
一但你懂、你了解了。
10:52
You can't go back.
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1206
你却回不去了。
10:53
It's not fun.
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1151
这一点都不好笑。
10:54
We really need a transparent food
system that we can trust,
system that we can trust,
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3189
我们真的需要一个我们
信得过的透明的食物系统
信得过的透明的食物系统
10:58
that produces healthy food.
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1674
来生产新鲜健康的食物。
11:00
But the good news is
253
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1199
好消息是
11:01
that decades of development and research
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649949
2913
几十年的研究和发展
11:04
have led to a lot of new
technologies and knowledge
technologies and knowledge
255
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2462
已经引领创造出很多的新科技及知识，
11:07
that allow us to do a lot better.
256
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1812
可以让我们做得更好。
11:09
We can now farm fish
without any of these issues.
without any of these issues.
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2646
我们现在可以无后顾之忧地养殖鱼类。
11:12
I think of agriculture
before the green revolution --
before the green revolution --
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660548
2881
我在绿色革命之前就思考过水产养殖
11:15
we are at aquaculture
and the blue revolution.
and the blue revolution.
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3023
我们正处在水产业及蓝色革命的点上。
11:19
New technologies means
260
667817
1237
新的科技意味着
11:21
that we can now produce a feed
that's perfectly natural,
that's perfectly natural,
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669078
3568
我们现在可以用最少的，
由微生物、昆虫、海藻组成的需求量
11:24
with a minimal footprint
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672670
1184
11:25
that consists of microbes, insects,
seaweeds and micro-algae.
seaweeds and micro-algae.
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673878
3945
来生产纯天然饲料。
11:30
Healthy for the people,
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1303
它们对人体是健康的。
11:32
healthy for the fish,
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1151
对鱼类是健康的，
11:33
healthy for the planet.
266
681191
1321
对地球也是健康的。
11:35
Microbes, for example,
267
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1150
例如，微生物
11:36
can be a perfect alternative
for high-grade fish meal --
for high-grade fish meal --
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684467
2849
如果大规模生产，
可以成为一个完美的高档鱼饲料替代品。
11:39
at scale.
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687340
1155
11:40
Insects are the --
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2083
昆虫
首先，它可以循环再生
11:42
well, first of all, the perfect recycling
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690908
1961
因为它们是吃厨余长大的；
11:44
because they're grown on food waste;
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1730
11:46
but second,
273
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1152
其次
11:47
think of fly-fishing,
274
695823
1151
想一想飞蝇钓，
11:48
and you know how logical
it actually is to use it as fish feed.
it actually is to use it as fish feed.
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696998
3313
你就知道为什麽它会
合理地成为鱼饲料的原因。
合理地成为鱼饲料的原因。
11:52
You don't need large tracts of land for it
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2023
你不需要为它找大片土地，
11:54
and you don't need
to cut down rain forests for it.
to cut down rain forests for it.
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2410
你也不用为它砍掉大片雨林。
11:57
And microbes and insects are actually
net water producers.
net water producers.
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3089
微生物和昆虫本就是水网的制造者。
12:01
This revolution is starting as we speak,
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709509
2229
就如我们所说的，这个革命已经开始，
12:03
it just needs scale.
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711762
1477
它只需要大规模生产。
12:06
We can now farm far more
species than ever before
species than ever before
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714492
3067
我们可以比过去养殖更多的种类
12:09
in controlled, natural conditions,
creating happy fish.
creating happy fish.
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3637
而且是在受管控、
天然条件下产生的开心的鱼。
天然条件下产生的开心的鱼。
12:13
I imagine, for example,
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1284
我在想，举个例子，
12:15
a closed system that's performing
more efficiently than insect farming,
more efficiently than insect farming,
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5608
一个比养殖昆虫表现更有效率的封闭系统，
12:20
where you can produce
healthy, happy, delicious fish
healthy, happy, delicious fish
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3244
让你可以产出健康、开心、好吃的鱼，
12:24
with little or no effluent,
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1372
只有一点点或无污染，
12:25
almost no energy and almost no water
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2460
几乎不需要能源及水、
12:27
and a natural feed
with a minimal footprint.
with a minimal footprint.
288
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2309
最少需求量的自然喂食方式。
12:31
Or a system where you grow
up to 10 species next to each other --
up to 10 species next to each other --
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3227
或者你可以养殖一个模仿自然，
12:34
off of each other,
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1376
一个接一个的
12:35
mimicking nature.
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1440
10 种品种以上的系统。
12:37
You need very little feed,
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1370
你只需要非常少的喂食，
12:39
very little footprint.
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1222
非常少的需求量。
12:40
I think of seaweed growing
off the effluent of fish, for example.
off the effluent of fish, for example.
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3901
例如，我有想到海藻与鱼
共生的封闭系统。
共生的封闭系统。
12:46
There's great technologies
popping up all over the globe.
popping up all over the globe.
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2795
全球有很多伟大的科技陆陆续续推出。
12:49
From alternatives to battle disease
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2179
从替代方式到对抗疾病，
12:51
so we don't need antibiotics
and chemicals anymore,
and chemicals anymore,
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759777
2865
那我们就再也不需要抗生素或化学药剂，
12:54
to automated feeders that feel
when the fish are hungry,
when the fish are hungry,
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自动喂食系统，
它可以感觉到鱼什么时候会饿，
它可以感觉到鱼什么时候会饿，
12:58
so we can save on feed
and create less pollution.
and create less pollution.
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如此我们就可以减少喂食，
并创造出更少的污染。
并创造出更少的污染。
13:02
Software systems that gather
data across farms,
data across farms,
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软件系统收集整个鱼田的数据，
13:04
so we can improve farm practices.
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让我们可以改善养殖的流程。
13:07
There's really cool stuff
happening all over the globe.
happening all over the globe.
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全世界真的有很多很酷的东西在发生。
13:10
And make no mistake --
all of these things are possible
all of these things are possible
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也请相信--今日这些事情
是有可能让一个养殖业者
是有可能让一个养殖业者
13:13
at a cost that's competitive
to what a farmer spends today.
to what a farmer spends today.
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在有竞争力的成本下完成的。
13:17
Tomorrow, there will be no excuse
for anyone to not do the right thing.
for anyone to not do the right thing.
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未来，每个人就没有理由不做正确的事。
13:22
So somebody needs to connect the dots
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所以我们需要人来整合这些连结点，
13:24
and give these developments
a big kick in the butt.
a big kick in the butt.
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并给这些发展有力的鼓励与推进。
13:27
And that's what we've been working on
the last couple of years,
the last couple of years,
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这就是我们最近几年在做的事，
13:30
and that's what we need
to be working on together --
to be working on together --
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也是我们需要一起才能做到
13:33
rethinking everything from the ground up,
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从最基础开始，重新思考每件事，
13:35
with a holistic view
across the value chain,
across the value chain,
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用一个横跨整个价值链的
历史角度去思考，
历史角度去思考，
13:37
connecting all these things
across the globe,
across the globe,
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跨越全球把这些事情联系在一起，
13:40
alongside great entrepreneurs
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跟随愿意分享共同愿景的
13:42
that are willing to share
a collective vision.
a collective vision.
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伟大企业家。
13:45
Now is the time to create
change in this industry
change in this industry
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现在就是改变这个产业的最佳时间点，
13:48
and to push it into
a sustainable direction.
a sustainable direction.
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并把它推向一个永续发展的方向。
13:50
This industry is still young,
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这个产业仍然很年轻，
13:52
much of its growth is still ahead.
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仍有很大的成长空间。
13:54
It's a big task, but not
as far-fetched as you might think.
as far-fetched as you might think.
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这是个巨大的任务，
但没有你想像的那么遥远。
但没有你想像的那么遥远。
13:56
It's possible.
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这是完全有可能的。
13:59
So we need to take pressure off the ocean.
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所以我们需要释放海洋的压力。
14:01
We want to eat good and healthy.
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我们希望吃得好，吃的健康。
14:02
And if we eat an animal,
it needs to be one
it needs to be one
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如果我们要吃动物，
它必须是那个拥有开心
及健康生命的动物。
及健康生命的动物。
14:04
that had a happy and healthy life.
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14:06
We need to have a meal that we can trust,
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我们需要我们能信得过的食品，
14:08
live long lives.
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得以长寿。
14:10
And this is not just for people
in San Francisco or Northern Europe --
in San Francisco or Northern Europe --
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而这不仅是为了旧金山或北欧人民--
14:14
this is for all of us.
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而是为了全人类。
14:16
Even in the poorest countries,
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甚至在最贫穷的国家，
14:18
it's not just about money.
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这与金钱无关。
14:19
People prefer something fresh
and healthy that they can trust
and healthy that they can trust
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人们喜欢他们信得过、
新鲜健康的东西，
新鲜健康的东西，
14:23
over something that comes from far away
that they know nothing about.
that they know nothing about.
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远胜于来自远方他们完全不懂得的东西。
14:27
We're all the same.
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我们都是一样的。
14:30
The day will come
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那一天终将来临，
14:31
where people will realize -- no, demand --
farmed fish on their plate
farmed fish on their plate
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人们会意识到，不，是要求，
在他们的地球上养殖鱼类
在他们的地球上养殖鱼类
14:34
that's farmed well
and that's farmed healthy --
and that's farmed healthy --
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健康优秀地养殖，
并拒绝任何不健康的东西。
14:38
and refuse anything less.
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14:39
You can help speed this up.
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你可以帮助这件事情加速。
14:41
Ask questions when you order seafood.
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当你要点海鲜时，记得问一问。
14:43
Where does my fish come from?
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我的鱼是来自哪里？
14:45
Who raised it,
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是谁养的，
14:46
and what did it eat?
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吃什么饲料？
14:49
Information about where your fish
comes from and how it was produced
comes from and how it was produced
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有关于你的鱼的来源以及
它如何被生产出来的信息
它如何被生产出来的信息
14:52
needs to be much more readily available.
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需要变得更加容易取得。
14:55
And consumers need to put pressure
on the aquaculture industry
on the aquaculture industry
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而消费者需要施加更多的压力
在水产养殖业上
在水产养殖业上
14:58
to do the right thing.
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来帮助他们做正确的事情。
15:00
So every time you order,
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所以每一次你点餐时，
15:02
ask for detail
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记得询问细节
15:04
and show that you really care
about what you eat
about what you eat
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并展现出你对你吃的
以及他们给你的食品十分在意。
15:07
and what's been given to you.
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15:08
And eventually, they will listen.
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最终，他们会听进去的。
15:11
And all of us will benefit.
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我们都会受惠。
15:13
Thank you.
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谢谢
15:14
(Applause)
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掌声
Translated by Jiawei Ni
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mike Velings - Entrepreneur and conservationistMike Velings understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems.
Why you should listen
Mike Velings is the co-founder and the driving force behind Aqua-Spark, a global investment fund for sustainable aquaculture, combining a healthy financial profit with environmental and social impact. A lifelong entrepreneur, Mike has spent decades jumpstarting a range of successful businesses. Among other ventures, he co-founded Connexie, which has helped catalyze a professional employment industry across the Netherlands.
Mike naturally combines his business background with environmental and social engagement. He understands the potential for business to create durable solutions to complex world problems. With this in mind, Mike founded Aqua-Spark, an investment company that assists entrepreneurs across the globe in realizing their visions of a startup with a world-changing element. Through Aqua-Spark he has invested in a broad range of ventures over the years — both in the developed and developing world.
Mike serves on several boards and is a member of the Conservation International’s Leadership Council as well as an Honorary Global Marine Fellow.
Mike Velings | Speaker | TED.com