TEDxBrussels
Tristan Harris: How better tech could protect us from distraction
崔斯坦 • 哈里斯: 科技如何帮助我们专注
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科技是不是经常使我们从真正想做的事情中分心呢？无论在工作中还是在休息时，我们有大量的时间都被突然跳出来的推送和通知占用了——感觉上，科技没有帮助我们更好地安排时间，反而正在偷走我们的时间。设计者崔斯坦 • 哈里斯提供了关于科技的发人深省的新观念，他相信这能创造更多有价值的互动。他问，“当设计者为了满足更深层的人类需求，未来的科技会是什么样呢？”
Tristan Harris - Design thinker
Tristan Harris helps the technology industry more consciously and ethically shape the human spirit and human potential. Full bio
Tristan Harris helps the technology industry more consciously and ethically shape the human spirit and human potential. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What does it mean to spend our time well?
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充分利用时间意味着什么？
我花了很多时间
00:20
I spend a lot of my time
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00:22
thinking about how to spend my time.
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思考如何花费我的时间。
00:26
Probably too much --
I probably obsess over it.
I probably obsess over it.
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也许花了太多时间——
我可能是对此过度着迷了。
我可能是对此过度着迷了。
我的朋友是这样认为的。
00:29
My friends think I do.
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不过从某种意义上说，
我觉得我一定得这样做，
我觉得我一定得这样做，
00:30
But I feel like I kind of have to,
because these days,
because these days,
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最近我感觉我的时间
一小块一小块地溜走了，
一小块一小块地溜走了，
00:35
it feels like little bits of my time
kind of slip away from me,
kind of slip away from me,
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每当这发生的时候，
感觉我一部分生命就这样浪费了。
感觉我一部分生命就这样浪费了。
00:39
and when that happens, it feels like
parts of my life are slipping away.
parts of my life are slipping away.
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00:45
Specifically,
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具体点说，
我觉得我的时间流失在
00:46
it feels like little bits
of my time get slipped away
of my time get slipped away
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各种像这样的东西，
00:49
to various things like this,
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比如科技——我会不断查看更新的消息。
00:50
like technology -- I check things.
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00:53
I'll give you an example.
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举个例子。
00:55
If this email shows up --
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假如这个邮件出现了，
你们中的不少人收到过
这样的邮件，对吧？
这样的邮件，对吧？
00:57
how many of you have gotten
an email like this, right?
an email like this, right?
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我在一张照片中被圈出来了。
01:00
I've been tagged in a photo.
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01:03
When this appears,
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当这个出现的时候，
我情不自禁就要立刻点开。
01:05
I can't help but click on it right now.
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对吧？因为如果这是一张
不好的照片怎么办？
不好的照片怎么办？
01:08
Right? Because, like,
what if it's a bad photo?
what if it's a bad photo?
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所以我一定要立刻点开。
01:11
So I have to click it right now.
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01:13
But I'm not just going
to click "See photo,"
to click "See photo,"
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但我不仅仅是点击 “看照片”，
我实际上是把接下来的
二十多分钟都花在上面了。
二十多分钟都花在上面了。
01:16
what I'm actually going to do
is spend the next 20 minutes.
is spend the next 20 minutes.
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（观众笑声）
01:18
(Laughter)
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但是更坏的是，
我明知道会发生这种事，
我明知道会发生这种事，
01:20
But the worst part is that I know
this is what's going to happen,
this is what's going to happen,
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但即使是知道将会发生什么，
01:24
and even knowing
that's what's going to happen
that's what's going to happen
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也不能阻止我下一次再这样做。
01:27
doesn't stop me
from doing it again the next time.
from doing it again the next time.
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01:31
Or I find myself in a situation like this,
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或者我发现自己处于这样的情况，
01:36
where I check my email
and I pull down to refresh,
and I pull down to refresh,
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当我在检查邮箱时，
我总会下拉刷新，
我总会下拉刷新，
01:41
But the thing is that 60 seconds later,
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但问题是，60 秒之后，
我又会再次下拉刷新。
01:44
I'll pull down to refresh again.
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01:50
Why am I doing this?
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我为什么要这样做？
完全没意义啊。
01:51
This doesn't make any sense.
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01:55
But I'll give you a hint
why this is happening.
why this is happening.
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但我会给你们一点提示，
为什么会发生这样的事。
为什么会发生这样的事。
02:00
What do you think makes
more money in the United States
more money in the United States
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你们认为在美国什么东西
比电影，主题公园和棒球业
加起来还要赚钱？
加起来还要赚钱？
02:05
than movies, game parks
and baseball combined?
and baseball combined?
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02:13
Slot machines.
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老虎机。
02:17
How can slot machines make all this money
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老虎机为什么能赚这么多钱，
我们每个人都只投了
很少量的钱进去，对吧？
很少量的钱进去，对吧？
02:20
when we play with such small
amounts of money?
amounts of money?
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02:26
We play with coins.
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我们投进去的是硬币。
02:27
How is this possible?
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这怎么可能？
02:30
Well, the thing is ...
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其实，事实是这样的.......
02:33
my phone is a slot machine.
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我的手机就是一部老虎机。
02:37
Every time I check my phone,
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每次我检查自己的手机，
我就像在玩老虎机，
02:39
I'm playing the slot machine to see,
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看看我能得到什么。
02:42
what am I going to get?
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02:43
What am I going to get?
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我能得到什么？
每次我检查自己的邮箱，
02:45
Every time I check my email,
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我就在玩这个老虎机，
02:46
I'm playing the slot machine,
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想着 “我会得到什么？”
02:48
saying, "What am I going to get?"
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每一次我滚动去看新闻提要，
02:50
Every time I scroll a news feed,
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02:53
I'm playing the slot machine to see,
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我就在玩这个老虎机，
去看我下次能得到些什么。
02:55
what am I going to get next?
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02:58
And the thing is that,
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就是这样，
又一次，明确知道这事情
怎么运作——我是一个设计者，
怎么运作——我是一个设计者，
02:59
again, knowing exactly
how this works -- and I'm a designer,
how this works -- and I'm a designer,
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我明确地知道
这件事情背后的心理活动，
这件事情背后的心理活动，
03:02
I know exactly how
the psychology of this works,
the psychology of this works,
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我确切地知道在发生什么，
03:04
I know exactly what's going on --
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我却没有其他任何选择，
03:06
but it doesn't leave me with any choice,
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我很明显是陷在里面了。
03:09
I still just get sucked into it.
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03:12
So what are we going to do?
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那么我们要怎么办呢？
03:14
Because it leaves us
with this all-or-nothing relationship
with this all-or-nothing relationship
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科技让我们陷入了
这样极端的关系之中，
这样极端的关系之中，
对吧？
03:18
with technology, right?
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03:20
You're either on,
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你要不沉浸在里面，
03:22
and you're connected
and distracted all the time,
and distracted all the time,
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始终都沉浸其中不能自拔，
要不就是隔绝干扰，
03:24
or you're off,
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但这时候你会好奇，
03:26
but then you're wondering,
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我是不是错过了什么重要的消息？
03:28
am I missing something important?
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03:30
In other words, you're either distracted
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换句话说，你要不就分心，
03:33
or you have fear of missing out.
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要不就因害怕错过什么而备受煎熬。
03:36
Right?
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对吧？
03:38
So we need to restore choice.
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所以我们需要重新构建我们的选择。
03:43
We want to have
a relationship with technology
a relationship with technology
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我们希望和科技建立一个
能够反馈给我们关于怎样
在技术上花时间的选择，
在技术上花时间的选择，
03:46
that gives us back choice
about how we spend time with it,
about how we spend time with it,
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而且我们需要设计者的帮助，
03:50
and we're going to need
help from designers,
help from designers,
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03:54
because knowing this stuff doesn't help.
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因为仅仅知道这些不会改善现状。
我们需要设计来帮忙。
03:57
We're going to need design help.
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那么具体是怎么样的呢？
03:59
So what would that look like?
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04:02
So let's take an example that we all face:
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让我举一个普遍的例子：
聊天——发短信。
04:05
chat -- text messaging.
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04:08
So let's say there's two people.
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那么假设这里有两个人，
屏幕左边的是南希 ，
她正在写文件，
她正在写文件，
04:09
Nancy's on the left
and she's working on a document,
and she's working on a document,
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屏幕右边的是约翰。
04:12
and John's on the right.
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04:14
And John suddenly remembers,
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约翰突然想起来
“我得赶紧找南希要这份文件，
不然就忘了。”
不然就忘了。”
04:16
"I need to ask Nancy
for that document before I forget."
for that document before I forget."
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04:22
So when he sends her that message,
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所以他给她发了这个短信，
这分散了她的注意力。
04:23
it blows away her attention.
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04:27
That's what we're doing all the time,
bulldozing each other's attention,
bulldozing each other's attention,
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这就是我们经常做的事情，
互相分散对方的注意力，
互相分散对方的注意力，
正如屏幕左右边的人。
04:30
left and right.
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这里有一个不可忽视的成本，
04:32
And there's serious cost to this,
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04:34
because every time
we interrupt each other,
we interrupt each other,
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因为每一次我们互相干扰，
04:38
it takes us about 23 minutes, on average,
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我们平均需要 23 分钟
去重新集中注意力。
04:42
to refocus our attention.
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在我们重回之前在做的事情之前，
04:43
We actually cycle through
two different projects
two different projects
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我们实际上是在交替
进行两个不同的项目。
进行两个不同的项目。
04:47
before we come back
to the original thing we were doing.
to the original thing we were doing.
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04:50
This is Gloria Mark's research
combined with Microsoft research,
combined with Microsoft research,
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格罗里亚（加州大学尔湾分校信息学教授）
和微软合作的研究
和微软合作的研究
说明了这一点。
04:55
that showed this.
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而且她的研究也表明
这实际上培养了坏习惯。
这实际上培养了坏习惯。
04:56
And her research also shows
that it actually trains bad habits.
that it actually trains bad habits.
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我们在外部得到的干扰越多，
05:00
The more interruptions we get externally,
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05:03
it's conditioning and training us
to interrupt ourselves.
to interrupt ourselves.
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就越会加强我们自我干扰的能力。
05:08
We actually self-interrupt
every three-and-a-half minutes.
every three-and-a-half minutes.
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实际上我们每三分半钟
就会自我干扰一次。
就会自我干扰一次。
05:13
This is crazy.
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就是这么夸张。
那么我们要怎么解决这个问题？
05:14
So how do we fix this?
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因为南希和约翰
在这个极端的关系中，
在这个极端的关系中，
05:15
Because Nancy and John are in this
all-or-nothing relationship.
all-or-nothing relationship.
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南希可能希望避开干扰，
05:18
Nancy might want to disconnect,
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但这样的话她会担心，
05:20
but then she'd be worried:
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如果我错过了一些重要的事情怎么办？
05:21
What if I'm missing something important?
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05:24
Design can fix this problem.
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而设计就可以解决这个问题。
05:27
Let's say you have
Nancy again on the left,
Nancy again on the left,
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再次假设屏幕左边的是南希，
右边的是约翰。
05:29
John on the right.
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约翰想起了
“我需要把这个文件发给南希。”
“我需要把这个文件发给南希。”
05:30
And John remembers,
"I need to send Nancy that document."
"I need to send Nancy that document."
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但是这一次，
05:33
Except this time,
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南希可以标记
她正处于专注状态。
她正处于专注状态。
05:34
Nancy can mark that she's focused.
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比如说她标记，
05:36
Let's say she drags a slider and says,
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“我需要专注 30 分钟，”
05:38
"I want to be focused for 30 minutes,"
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那么，她保持专注了。
05:40
so -- bam -- she's focused.
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现在当约翰想给她发短信，
05:42
Now when John wants to message her,
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他想要实践这个想法——
05:45
he can get the thought off of his mind --
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因为他有一个需要，
他有这个想法，
他有这个想法，
05:47
because he has a need,
he has this thought,
he has this thought,
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他需要在他忘记之前
把这个想法付诸实践。
把这个想法付诸实践。
05:49
and he needs to dump it out
before he forgets.
before he forgets.
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05:52
Except this time,
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但是这一次，
系统会延迟接收他的消息，
那么南希可以保持专注，
那么南希可以保持专注，
05:54
it holds the messages
so that Nancy can still focus,
so that Nancy can still focus,
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同时约翰也可以处理掉这个想法。
05:58
but John can get the thought
off of his mind.
off of his mind.
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06:02
But this only works
if one last thing is true,
if one last thing is true,
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但这只在最后一件事成为事实的时候可行，
也就是南希需要知道
如果事情真的很重要的时候，
如果事情真的很重要的时候，
06:06
which is that Nancy needs to know
that if something is truly important,
that if something is truly important,
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约翰仍然可以打断她。
06:11
John can still interrupt.
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但是，我们现在仅允许有意识的干扰，
06:16
But instead of having constant
accidental or mindless interruptions,
accidental or mindless interruptions,
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06:20
we're now only creating
conscious interruptions,
conscious interruptions,
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而不是频繁的无心的干扰。
所以我们想达成两个目的，
06:24
So we're doing two things here.
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一是我们正为南希和约翰
创造一个新的选择，
创造一个新的选择，
06:26
We're creating a new choice
for both Nancy and John,
for both Nancy and John,
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06:30
But there's a second, subtle thing
we're doing here, too.
we're doing here, too.
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但同时我们也在
做一件细节上的事情。
做一件细节上的事情。
06:34
And it's that we're changing
the question we're answering.
the question we're answering.
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那就是我们正在改变
我们正在回答的问题。
我们正在回答的问题。
06:37
Instead of the goal of chat being:
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我们聊天的目的不是：
06:42
"Let's design it so it's easy
to send a message" --
to send a message" --
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“让我们设计一个让发信息更方便的东西”——
那是聊天的目的，
06:45
that's the goal of chat,
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发信息给某人应该是很容易的——
06:46
it should be really easy to send
a message to someone --
a message to someone --
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06:49
we change the goal to something
deeper and a human value,
deeper and a human value,
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我们改变了我们的目的，
去探索更深层次的东西和人性的价值，
去探索更深层次的东西和人性的价值，
也就是说 “让我们在人和人之间创造
06:52
which is: "Let's create the highest
possible quality communication
possible quality communication
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尽可能高的交流质量。”
06:57
in a relationship between two people.
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07:00
So we upgraded the goal.
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所以我们更新了我们的目标。
07:03
Now, do designers
actually care about this?
actually care about this?
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然而，设计者们真的关心这个吗？
我们真的想去讨论人性
更深层的目标是什么吗？
更深层的目标是什么吗？
07:06
Do we want to have conversations
about what these deeper human goals are?
about what these deeper human goals are?
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07:12
Well, I'll tell you one story.
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我给你们讲个故事吧。
一年多以前，
07:14
A little over a year ago,
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我去协助组织一个
07:17
I got to help organize a meeting
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由顶级技术设计者和
释一行禅师参加的会议。
释一行禅师参加的会议。
07:20
between some of technology's leading
designers and Thich Nhat Hanh.
designers and Thich Nhat Hanh.
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07:26
Thich Nhat Hanh is an international
spokesperson for mindfulness meditation.
spokesperson for mindfulness meditation.
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释一行禅师是正念禅修的
国际倡导者。
国际倡导者。
这是我经历过的最有趣的会议。
07:31
And it was the most amazing meeting.
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你可以想象一个房间，
07:32
You have to imagine -- picture a room --
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在房间的一边有一群技术宅；
07:34
on one side of the room,
you have a bunch of tech geeks;
you have a bunch of tech geeks;
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房间的另一边，
07:38
on the other side of the room,
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是一群穿着褐色长袍，
剃了头的佛教僧侣。
剃了头的佛教僧侣。
07:40
you have a bunch of long brown robes,
shaved heads, Buddhist monks.
shaved heads, Buddhist monks.
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07:46
And the questions were about
the deepest human values,
the deepest human values,
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会议探讨的问题是
人性最深处的价值观，
人性最深处的价值观，
未来的科技是什么样子，
07:49
like what does the future
of technology look like
of technology look like
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当你为最深层次的问题
07:52
when you're designing
for the deepest questions
for the deepest questions
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07:54
and the deepest human values?
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和人性最深层次的价值设计问题。
07:56
And our conversation centered
on listening more deeply
on listening more deeply
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我们的谈话聚焦在更深入地
倾听那些价值观会是什么样。
08:00
to what those values might be.
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08:02
He joked in our conversation
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他在谈话时开了玩笑，
他说假如，我们不进行拼写检查，
08:04
that what if, instead of a spell check,
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08:07
you had a compassion check,
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而且改成一个同情心的检查，
也就是，你可能会强调一个会
无意间冒犯他人的词——
无意间冒犯他人的词——
08:09
meaning, you might highlight a word
that might be accidentally abrasive --
that might be accidentally abrasive --
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被他人视为冒犯的词。
08:13
perceived as abrasive by someone else.
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08:16
So does this kind of conversation
happen in the real world,
happen in the real world,
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那么这样的对话会
发生在现实生活中，
发生在现实生活中，
而不仅仅在设计者会议中吗？
08:20
not just in these design meetings?
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08:23
Well, the answer is yes,
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答案是肯定的。
我最喜欢的例子之一就是沙发客网站。
08:25
and one of my favorites is Couchsurfing.
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08:28
If you didn't know,
Couchsurfing is a website
Couchsurfing is a website
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先介绍一下，
沙发客网站是一个
沙发客网站是一个
帮助借宿者，和愿意提供住宿的人
08:30
that matches people
who are looking for a place to stay
who are looking for a place to stay
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08:34
with a free couch, from someone
who's trying to offer it.
who's trying to offer it.
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进行匹配的网站。
08:38
So, great service --
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这服务很不错——
他们的设计理念会是什么？
08:39
what would their design goal be?
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假如你在沙发客网站工作的话，
你的设计目标是什么呢？
你的设计目标是什么呢？
08:41
What are you designing
for if you work at Couchsurfing?
for if you work at Couchsurfing?
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可能你会觉得是
帮助主人和客人配对。
帮助主人和客人配对。
08:44
Well, you would think
it's to match guests with hosts.
it's to match guests with hosts.
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08:49
Right?
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对吧？
这是一个挺好的目标。
08:50
That's a pretty good goal.
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但这就有点像我们之前提到的
那个发信息的目标，
那个发信息的目标，
08:52
But that would kind of be like
our goal with messaging before,
our goal with messaging before,
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那时我们的目标只是传递消息。
08:54
where we're just trying
to deliver a message.
to deliver a message.
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那么，更深层次的人性化的
目标是什么呢？
目标是什么呢？
08:57
So what's the deeper, human goal?
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09:00
Well, they set their goal
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沙发客员工把自己的目标设定为
在从未见面的陌生人之间
创造持续的，积极的
创造持续的，积极的
09:02
as the need to create lasting,
positive experiences and relationships
positive experiences and relationships
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09:07
between people who've never met before.
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经历和关系的需求。
09:11
And the most amazing thing
about this was in 2007,
about this was in 2007,
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有关的最有趣的事情
发生在 2007 年，
发生在 2007 年，
他们推出一种评估的方法，
09:13
they introduced a way to measure this,
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真的很棒。
09:16
which is incredible.
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它的工作原理是这样：
09:18
I'll tell you how it works.
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你的每一个设计目标
09:19
For every design goal you have,
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都一定要有相应的评估方法
09:20
you have to have
a corresponding measurement
a corresponding measurement
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才能知道你做的好不好——
09:23
to know how you're doing --
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这是一种评估成功的方式。
09:24
a way of measuring success.
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所以他们做的是，
09:26
So what they do is,
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假设有两个即将见面的人，
09:27
let's say you take two people who meet up,
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09:32
and they take the number of days
those two people spent together,
those two people spent together,
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他们会取出这两个人
共同相处的天数，
共同相处的天数，
09:37
and then they estimate how many
hours were in those days --
hours were in those days --
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然后估算这几天中——
09:41
how many hours did
those two people spend together?
those two people spend together?
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这两人共同相处了多少个小时？
然后在他们共处的那一段时间之后，
09:43
And then after they spend
that time together,
that time together,
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工作人员询问他们两人：
09:46
they ask both of them:
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09:47
How positive was your experience?
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你觉得你的经历有趣吗？
你和你遇到的这个人相处得融洽吗？
09:49
Did you have a good experience
with this person that you met?
with this person that you met?
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09:52
And they subtract
from those positive hours
from those positive hours
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然后他们从这些愉快的时间中
减去人们在网站上花费的时间，
09:56
the amount of time
people spent on the website,
people spent on the website,
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10:00
because that's a cost to people's lives.
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因为后者是人们生活的成本。
10:03
Why should we value that as success?
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我们为什么要把这视为成功呢？
10:06
And what you were left with
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然后两个时间相减后剩下的
就是他们所称的 “净快乐”。
10:07
is something they refer to as "net
orchestrated conviviality,"
orchestrated conviviality,"
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或者说，是一个被创造的
净“快乐时光”。
净“快乐时光”。
10:12
or, really, just a net
"Good Times" created.
"Good Times" created.
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10:15
The net hours that would have never
existed, had Couchsurfing not existed.
existed, had Couchsurfing not existed.
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假如沙发客不存在，
这些净快乐时光也根本不会存在。
这些净快乐时光也根本不会存在。
10:20
Can you imagine how inspiring it would be
to come to work every day
to come to work every day
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你能想象这该有多振奋人心吗？
当你每天来工作，
当你每天来工作，
然后评估你的成功，
10:24
and measure your success
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10:26
in the actual net new contribution
of hours in people's lives
of hours in people's lives
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评估在人们生命里实际的“净贡献”，
那些假如你今天没有做本职工作
10:31
that are positive,
that would have never existed
that would have never existed
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就不会存在的积极的成就？
10:33
if you didn't do what you were
about to do at work today?
about to do at work today?
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10:37
Can you imagine a whole world
that worked this way?
that worked this way?
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你能想象如果整个世界
都这样运作会如何吗？
都这样运作会如何吗？
10:43
Can you imagine a social network that --
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你能想象一个社交网络——
假设你很喜欢做饭，
10:46
let's say you care about cooking,
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1583
那么这个社交网络的
成功的衡量标准是你做晚餐的天数
成功的衡量标准是你做晚餐的天数
10:47
and it measured its success
in terms of cooking nights organized
in terms of cooking nights organized
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和你喜爱阅读的烹饪文章的数量，
10:51
and the cooking articles
that you were glad you read,
that you were glad you read,
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减去你不喜欢读的文章，
10:53
and subtracted from that the articles
you weren't glad you read
you weren't glad you read
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或者你浪费在看
你不喜欢的东西上的时间。
你不喜欢的东西上的时间。
10:56
or the time you spent scrolling
that you didn't like?
that you didn't like?
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11:00
Imagine a professional social network
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想象一个专业的社交网站，
它不再以创造人与人之间的联系
作为成功的标准，
作为成功的标准，
11:03
that, instead of measuring its success
in terms of connections created
in terms of connections created
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或者是发出多少信息，
11:07
or messages sent,
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而是以人们得到的工作机会，
11:09
instead measured its success in terms
of the job offers that people got
of the job offers that people got
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那些人们很期待能够得到的工作机会。
11:13
that they were excited to get.
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11:16
And subtracted the amount of time
people spent on the website.
people spent on the website.
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减掉人们在网站上花费的时间。
11:20
Or imagine dating services,
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或者想象一个约会服务，
就像 Tinder 或者其他的应用，
11:23
like maybe Tinder or something,
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1738
它们不以人们更喜欢往左滑还是
往右滑为评估方法，
往右滑为评估方法，
11:25
where instead of measuring the number
of swipes left and right people did,
of swipes left and right people did,
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也就是它们现在评估成功的方法，
11:28
which is how they measure success today,
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而是衡量人们创造的深入的，
浪漫的，令人满足的关系。
浪漫的，令人满足的关系。
11:31
instead measured the deep, romantic,
fulfilling connections people created.
fulfilling connections people created.
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11:38
Whatever that was for them, by the way.
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2059
无论这种关系对他们来说意味着什么。
11:43
But can you imagine a whole world
that worked this way,
that worked this way,
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但是你能想象一整个世界
都是这样运转，
都是这样运转，
从而能帮助你更好地运用时间吗？
11:47
that was helping you spend your time well?
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11:51
Now to do this you also need a new system,
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为了达成这个目的你也需要一个新的系统，
因为你可能在想，
11:53
because you're probably thinking,
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现在的互联网经济——
11:54
today's Internet economy --
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1555
现在的总体经济
11:56
today's economy in general --
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是以花费的时间来测量的。
11:57
is measured in time spent.
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11:59
The more users you have,
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更多的用户，
更多的使用量，
12:01
the more usage you have,
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人们花的更多的时间，
12:02
the more time people spend,
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那就是我们如何衡量成功的。
12:03
that's how we measure success.
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12:06
But we've solved this problem before.
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1932
但我们之前也解决过这个问题。
12:09
We solved it with organic,
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我们以有机概念来解决的，
当我们说我们需要
以不同的标准去衡量事情的价值。
以不同的标准去衡量事情的价值。
12:11
when we said we need
to value things a different way.
to value things a different way.
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我们说的是一种不同的食物。
12:14
We said this is a different kind of food.
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12:19
So we can't compare it
just based on price;
just based on price;
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所以我们不能
单纯通过价钱来比较；
单纯通过价钱来比较；
这是完全不同种类的食物。
12:21
this is a different category of food.
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我们也用 LEED 认证解决问题，
12:23
We solved it with Leed Certification,
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2733
我们说这是不一样的建筑，
12:25
where we said this
is a different kind of building
is a different kind of building
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在环境的可持续性上
代表不同的价值。
代表不同的价值。
12:29
that stood for different values
of environmental sustainability.
of environmental sustainability.
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12:34
What if we had something
like that for technology?
like that for technology?
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假如我们在科技上
也引入类似的标准呢？
也引入类似的标准呢？
12:39
What if we had something
whose entire purpose and goal
whose entire purpose and goal
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假如我们有一些东西，
它们全部目的和目标
它们全部目的和目标
是去为人类的生活
创造一个新的积极的贡献？
创造一个新的积极的贡献？
12:44
was to help create net new positive
contributions to human life?
contributions to human life?
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4273
12:50
And what if we could
value it a different way,
value it a different way,
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3355
假如我们能以一个
不同的标准来测量价值，
不同的标准来测量价值，
让这种标准真正起作用呢？
12:54
so it would actually work?
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1498
12:56
Imagine you gave this different
premium shelf space on app stores.
premium shelf space on app stores.
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想象在应用商城
提供与众不同的至尊货架空间。
提供与众不同的至尊货架空间。
想象网络浏览器能帮助引导你
13:00
Imagine you had web browsers
that helped route you
that helped route you
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13:02
to these kinds of design products.
256
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找到这些设计产品。
13:07
Can you imagine how exciting it would be
to live and create that world?
to live and create that world?
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你能想象创造和生活在
这样的世界有多令人兴奋吗？
这样的世界有多令人兴奋吗？
13:13
We can create this world today.
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我们今天就可以创造一个这样的世界。
13:16
Company leaders, all you have to do --
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公司的领导们，你们要做的，
只有你可以优先选择一个新的衡量机制，
13:19
only you can prioritize a new metric,
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2888
13:23
which is your metric for net positive
contribution to human life.
contribution to human life.
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4403
去衡量为人类生活所做的那些
积极的净贡献。
积极的净贡献。
同时在这个话题上要保持坦诚。
13:27
And have an honest
conversation about that.
conversation about that.
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也许你一开始做得不会很好，
13:29
Maybe you're not
doing so well to start with,
doing so well to start with,
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但是我们不要回避这个话题。
13:31
but let's start that conversation.
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13:35
Designers, you can redefine success;
you can redefine design.
you can redefine design.
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设计者们，你们可以重新定义成功；
重新定义设计。
重新定义设计。
证明你们比组织里的很多人都更有能力
13:40
Arguably, you have more power
than many people in your organization
than many people in your organization
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去创造我们赖以生存的选择。
13:44
to create the choices
that all of us live by.
that all of us live by.
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2923
13:48
Maybe like in medicine,
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1401
也许就像在医疗行业
我们有希波克拉底誓词，
13:49
where we have a Hippocratic oath
269
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1858
13:51
to recognize the responsibility
and this higher value
and this higher value
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4122
去认识到医生的责任，
和以医治病人为目标的
和以医治病人为目标的
13:55
that we have to treat patients.
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更高的价值。
13:57
What if designers had something like that,
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2040
假如设计者也有像这样的
关于新设计的誓言呢？
13:59
in terms of this new kind of design?
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1832
14:02
And users, for all of us --
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2005
用户们，我们所有人——
我们可以呼吁这样的科技。
14:04
we can demand technology
that works this way.
that works this way.
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3503
14:09
Now it may seem hard,
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1667
这看起来也许很困难，
但是麦当在顾客提出
要求之前也并不提供沙拉。
要求之前也并不提供沙拉。
14:10
but McDonald's didn't have salads
until the consumer demand was there.
until the consumer demand was there.
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4397
14:16
Walmart didn't have organic food
until the consumer demand was there.
until the consumer demand was there.
278
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4193
沃尔玛在顾客需求产生之前也
没有有机食物。
没有有机食物。
我们需要对这样的新科技表达需求。
14:20
We have to demand
this new kind of technology.
this new kind of technology.
279
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4745
14:26
And we can do that.
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1281
而且我们能做到。
14:28
And doing that
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通过这样，
就可能把以时间为代价和尺度
14:29
would amount to shifting
from a world that's driven and run
from a world that's driven and run
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3517
14:33
entirely on time spent,
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2570
运转的世界转变成
一个被合理，高效利用的时间推动的世界。
14:37
to world that's driven by time well spent.
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4035
14:43
I want to live in this world,
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2087
我想生活在这样的世界，
而且我想引发坦诚的对话。
14:45
and I want this conversation to happen.
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2088
14:48
Let's start that conversation now.
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1850
让我们现在就开始这样的对话吧。
14:51
Thank you.
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谢谢。
（观众鼓掌）
14:52
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tristan Harris - Design thinkerTristan Harris helps the technology industry more consciously and ethically shape the human spirit and human potential.
Why you should listen
Tristan Harris has been called "the closest thing Silicon Valley has to a conscience" by The Atlantic magazine. Prior to founding the new Center for Humane Technology, he was Google's Design Ethicist, developing a framework for how technology should "ethically" steer the thoughts and actions of billions of people from screens.
Harris has spent a decade understanding the invisible influences that hijack human thinking and action. Drawing on literature from addiction, performative magic, social engineering, persuasive design and behavioral economics, he is currently developing a framework for ethical persuasion, especially as it relates to the moral responsibility of technology companies.
Rolling Stone magazine named Harris one of "25 People Shaping the World" in 2017. His work has been featured on TED, "60 Minutes," HBO's "RealTime with Bill Maher," "PBS NewsHour," Recode, The Atlantic, WIRED, the New York Times, Der Spiegel, The Economist and many more. Harris has briefed heads of state, technology company CEOs and members of the US Congress about the attention economy.
Tristan Harris | Speaker | TED.com