TEDSummit
Julia Bacha: How women wage conflict without violence
朱莉娅·帕夏: 女性是怎样发起非暴力冲突的
Filmed:
Readability: 5.5
883,401 views
你决意开始改变世界吗？有个数字你应该知道：非暴力运动比暴力运动高出100%的成功率。所以为什么团体在面临冲突的时候不运用它呢？制片人朱莉娅·帕夏分享了有效非暴力抵抗的故事，包括让人大开眼界的对女人起到的关键领导角色的研究。
Julia Bacha - Filmmaker
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Twelve years ago, I picked up
a camera for the first time
a camera for the first time
0
920
4136
十二年前，我第一次拿起相机
00:17
to film the olive harvest
in a Palestinian village in the West Bank.
in a Palestinian village in the West Bank.
1
5080
4120
去拍摄一个位于约旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦村庄的橄榄收割活动
00:21
I thought I was there
to make a single documentary
to make a single documentary
2
9880
2416
我本打算去那里拍一个纪录片
00:24
and would then move on
to some other part of the world.
to some other part of the world.
3
12320
2856
然后就会离开去其他地方
00:27
But something kept bringing me back.
4
15200
2280
但有些东西让我一直割舍不开
00:30
Now, usually, when international audiences
hear about that part of the world,
hear about that part of the world,
5
18320
3976
现如今，当国际上的听众了解世界的那个部分后
00:34
they often just want
that conflict to go away.
that conflict to go away.
6
22320
3536
他们只希望冲突早点结束
00:37
The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is bad,
and we wish it could just disappear.
and we wish it could just disappear.
7
25880
3640
巴以冲突严重，我们只想它能消失
00:42
We feel much the same way
about other conflicts around the world.
about other conflicts around the world.
8
30280
3200
我们对世界上的其他冲突也怀有同样的感受
00:46
But every time we turn
our attention to the news,
our attention to the news,
9
34360
2936
但好像每次我们注意到新闻
00:49
it seems like one more country
has gone up in flames.
has gone up in flames.
10
37320
2960
都会有另一个国家陷入战火
00:53
So I've been wondering
11
41800
1216
所以我一直在想
00:55
whether we should not start
looking at conflict in a different way --
looking at conflict in a different way --
12
43040
3320
我们是否应该从不同的角度看待冲突
00:59
whether instead of simply
wishing to end conflict,
wishing to end conflict,
13
47200
3936
是否应该聚焦于冲突是如何发动的
01:03
we focus instead on how to wage conflict.
14
51160
4016
而不是仅仅希望能结束冲突
01:07
This has been a big question for me,
15
55200
2056
这对我而言一直是个大问题
01:09
one I've pursued together with my team
at the nonprofit Just Vision.
at the nonprofit Just Vision.
16
57280
3640
一个我和我在非盈利组织Just Vision的团队一直在追寻的问题
01:14
After witnessing several different kinds
of struggles in the Middle East,
of struggles in the Middle East,
17
62320
4096
在目睹了中东地区几种不同的尝试之后
01:18
I started noticing some patterns
on the more successful ones.
on the more successful ones.
18
66440
4216
我开始注意到那些更为成功的尝试所具有的方式
01:22
I wondered whether these variables
held across cases, and if they did,
held across cases, and if they did,
19
70680
4136
我想知道这些变量是否存在于其他情况，如果是的话
01:26
what lessons we could glean
for waging constructive conflict,
for waging constructive conflict,
20
74840
4896
我们能从中学到哪些以在巴基斯坦、以色列等
01:31
in Palestine, Israel and elsewhere.
21
79760
2840
开展建设性冲突
01:36
There is some science about this.
22
84200
1720
这背后有其科学道理
01:38
In a study of 323
major political conflicts
major political conflicts
23
86760
4176
在一项关于1900年~2006年间的
01:42
from 1900 to 2006,
24
90960
2976
323起政治冲突的研究中
01:45
Maria Stephan and Erica Chenoweth
found that nonviolent campaigns
found that nonviolent campaigns
25
93960
5296
Maria Stephan 和 Erica Chenoweth发现非暴力运动
01:51
were almost 100 percent more likely
to lead to success than violent campaigns.
to lead to success than violent campaigns.
26
99280
6240
相较于暴力运动高出接近一倍的成功率
01:58
Nonviolent campaigns are also
less likely to cause physical harm
less likely to cause physical harm
27
106080
4296
非暴力运动也更不易对运动发起人
02:02
to those waging the campaign,
28
110400
1936
造成身体上的伤害
02:04
as well as their opponents.
29
112360
2136
对其对手而言也是如此
02:06
And, critically, they typically lead
to more peaceful and democratic societies.
to more peaceful and democratic societies.
30
114520
5880
并且，严格说来，也通常会得到更和平和民主的社会
02:13
In other words, nonviolent resistance
is a more effective and constructive way
is a more effective and constructive way
31
121320
4816
换句话说，非暴力抵抗是一个更高效和建设性的
02:18
of waging conflict.
32
126160
1200
发起抗争的方法
02:20
But if that's such an easy choice,
why don't more groups use it?
why don't more groups use it?
33
128720
3200
但如果这是个显而易见的选择，为什么没有更多的团体运用它？
02:25
Political scientist Victor Asal
and colleagues
and colleagues
34
133240
2656
政治学家 Victor Asal 和他的同事
02:27
have looked at several factors
35
135920
1776
调查了影响政治团体策略选择的
02:29
that shape a political group's
choice of tactics.
choice of tactics.
36
137720
2560
几个因素
02:33
And it turns out
that the greatest predictor
that the greatest predictor
37
141200
2960
结果表明影响一个运动采取非暴力或是暴力的决定
02:37
of a movement's decision
to adopt nonviolence or violence
to adopt nonviolence or violence
38
145040
4296
的最大影响因素
02:41
is not whether that group
is more left-wing or right-wing,
is more left-wing or right-wing,
39
149360
4336
不是这个团体是更偏向左翼还是右翼
02:45
not whether the group is more or less
influenced by religious beliefs,
influenced by religious beliefs,
40
153720
5096
也不是团体被宗教信仰影响的多少
02:50
not whether it's up against
a democracy or a dictatorship,
a democracy or a dictatorship,
41
158840
3056
不是它反抗的是民主还是独裁
02:53
and not even the levels of repression
that that group is facing.
that that group is facing.
42
161920
3600
甚至也不是这个团体遭受镇压迫的水平
02:58
The greatest predictor of a movement's
decision to adopt nonviolence
decision to adopt nonviolence
43
166640
4680
影响一个运动的采用非暴力的决定的最大因素是
03:04
is its ideology regarding
the role of women in public life.
the role of women in public life.
44
172120
4440
它关于女人在公共生活中角色的意识形态
03:09
(Applause)
45
177160
3440
[掌声]
03:15
When a movement includes in its discourse
46
183000
3096
当一个运动在其议题中
03:18
language around gender equality,
47
186120
1736
包含性别平等时
03:19
it increases dramatically
the chances it will adopt nonviolence,
the chances it will adopt nonviolence,
48
187880
3336
它采取非暴力的几率戏剧性增长
03:23
and thus, the likelihood it will succeed.
49
191240
2320
如此一来，它成功的可能性也相应增长
03:26
The research squared up
with my own documentation
with my own documentation
50
194280
2776
这项研究和我自己对巴以政治组织的记录
03:29
of political organizing
in Israel and Palestine.
in Israel and Palestine.
51
197080
3336
结论不谋而合
03:32
I've noticed that movements which
welcome women into leadership positions,
welcome women into leadership positions,
52
200440
4416
我注意到那些欢迎女性进入领导层的运动
03:36
such as the one I documented
in a village called Budrus,
in a village called Budrus,
53
204880
3296
比如我在一个叫做Budrus的村子记录的一个例子
03:40
were much more likely
to achieve their goals.
to achieve their goals.
54
208200
2600
就非常容易实现他们的目标
03:43
This village was under a real threat
of being wiped off the map
of being wiped off the map
55
211920
4016
当以色列开始修建隔离墙的时候
03:47
when Israel started building
the separation barrier.
the separation barrier.
56
215960
2840
这个村子面临这被从地图上抹去的切实危险
03:51
The proposed route would require
57
219560
1856
原定的（隔离墙）路线会
03:53
the destruction of this community's
olive groves, their cemeteries
olive groves, their cemeteries
58
221440
4496
摧毁这个社区的橄榄园、他们的墓地
03:57
and would ultimately
close the village from all sides.
close the village from all sides.
59
225960
2840
还会将这个村子从各个方向上完全隔离开来
04:01
Through inspired local leadership,
60
229880
1656
通过富有灵感的当地领导
04:03
they launched a nonviolent resistance
campaign to stop that from happening.
campaign to stop that from happening.
61
231560
3640
他们发起了一项旨在组织毁灭发生的抵抗运动
04:08
The odds were massively
stacked against them.
stacked against them.
62
236400
3120
形势对他们很不利
04:12
But they had a secret weapon:
63
240920
3000
但他们有一件秘密武器：
04:17
a 15-year-old girl
64
245880
1776
一个15岁的女孩
04:19
who courageously jumped
in front of a bulldozer
in front of a bulldozer
65
247680
2736
她曾勇敢地跳到一辆推土机前
04:22
which was about to uproot
an olive tree, stopping it.
an olive tree, stopping it.
66
250440
3480
阻止了它去推倒一颗橄榄树
04:26
In that moment, the community
of Budrus realized what was possible
of Budrus realized what was possible
67
254640
3576
在那一刻，Budrus的居民们意识到是有可能的
04:30
if they welcomed and encouraged women
to participate in public life.
to participate in public life.
68
258240
4600
如果他们欢迎并鼓励女人参与到公共生活中去
04:35
And so it was that the women of Budrus
went to the front lines day after day,
went to the front lines day after day,
69
263560
3856
也正是Budrus的女人们日复一日地到前线
04:39
using their creativity and acumen
to overcome multiple obstacles they faced
to overcome multiple obstacles they faced
70
267440
4456
发挥她们的创造性和敏锐性
04:43
in a 10-month unarmed struggle.
71
271920
2080
以克服她们在为期10个月的非武装斗争中面临的众多障碍
04:47
And as you can probably
tell at this point,
tell at this point,
72
275000
2000
正如你可以想见的那样
04:49
they win at the end.
73
277024
1200
她们最终赢了
04:51
The separation barrier
was changed completely
was changed completely
74
279760
2936
隔离墙被完全改道到
04:54
to the internationally
recognized green line,
recognized green line,
75
282720
2736
国际认可的绿线内
04:57
and the women of Budrus
came to be known across the West Bank
came to be known across the West Bank
76
285480
3736
Budrus的女人们也因她们不屈不挠的活力
05:01
for their indomitable energy.
77
289240
2000
名声响彻西岸地区
05:04
(Applause)
78
292560
2736
[掌声]
05:07
Thank you.
79
295320
1360
谢谢
05:12
I want to pause for a second,
which you helped me do,
which you helped me do,
80
300560
2696
我想暂停片刻，你们也已经帮我实现了
05:15
because I do want to tackle
two very serious misunderstandings
two very serious misunderstandings
81
303280
3936
因为我想解决两个目前可能发生的
05:19
that could happen at this point.
82
307240
1600
两个很严重的误解
05:21
The first one is that I don't believe
83
309840
3416
第一个是我不认为
05:25
women are inherently or essentially
more peaceful than men.
more peaceful than men.
84
313280
5040
女人天生比男人更和平
05:31
But I do believe that in today's world,
85
319800
3376
但是我确实相信在当今世界
05:35
women experience power differently.
86
323200
2880
女人执行权利与男人不同
05:39
Having had to navigate
being in the less powerful position
being in the less powerful position
87
327280
3176
在生活中的各个方面
05:42
in multiple aspects of their lives,
88
330480
2736
都处于劣势地位的情况下艰难前行
05:45
women are often more adept
89
333240
2336
女人往往更善于
05:47
at how to surreptitiously
pressure for change
pressure for change
90
335600
3256
面对强大的行动者时
05:50
against large, powerful actors.
91
338880
2736
隐蔽地施压寻求改变
05:53
The term "manipulative," often charged
against women in a derogatory way,
against women in a derogatory way,
92
341640
4176
‘操纵’这个常被用来指责女人的词
05:57
reflects a reality in which women
have often had to find ways
have often had to find ways
93
345840
3976
反应了这样一个现实，女人为了实现目标
06:01
other than direct confrontation
to achieve their goals.
to achieve their goals.
94
349840
3400
必须找到除直接对抗之外的方法
06:06
And finding alternatives
to direct confrontation
to direct confrontation
95
354440
3536
而寻找直接对抗的另一种选择
06:10
is at the core of nonviolent resistance.
96
358000
3080
正是非暴力抵抗的核心
06:14
Now to the second
potential misunderstanding.
potential misunderstanding.
97
362360
2496
至于第二个可能的误解
06:16
I've been talking a lot about
my experiences in the Middle East,
my experiences in the Middle East,
98
364880
3016
我一直在谈论我在中东地区的经历
06:19
and some of you might be thinking now
99
367920
1816
你们有些人可能在想
06:21
that the solution then is for us
to educate Muslim and Arab societies
to educate Muslim and Arab societies
100
369760
3776
问题的解决方案在于教育穆斯林和阿拉伯社会
06:25
to be more inclusive of their women.
101
373560
1720
对女性更加包容
06:27
If we were to do that,
they would be more successful.
they would be more successful.
102
375960
2880
如果我们要那么做，她们可以更加成功
06:33
They do not need this kind of help.
103
381200
2920
她们不需要这种帮助
06:36
Women have been part
of the most influential movements
of the most influential movements
104
384880
3416
女人参与了中东地区的
06:40
coming out of the Middle East,
105
388320
1520
最有影响力的运动
06:43
but they tend to be invisible
to the international community.
to the international community.
106
391160
4896
但她们对于国际社会来说是隐形的
06:48
Our cameras are largely focused on the men
107
396080
2736
我们的摄像头大部分都对准了
06:50
who often end up involved
in the more confrontational scenes
in the more confrontational scenes
108
398840
3056
那些在让我们屏息的新闻场景中
06:53
that we find so irresistible
in our news cycle.
in our news cycle.
109
401920
3520
直接对抗的男人们
06:58
And we end up with a narrative
that not only erases women
that not only erases women
110
406160
3776
我们通常以一种不仅抹平了
07:01
from the struggles in the region
111
409960
1936
地区斗争中的女人
07:03
but often misrepresents
the struggles themselves.
the struggles themselves.
112
411920
4640
而且错误描述了运动本身的叙事方法
07:10
In the late 1980s,
an uprising started in Gaza,
an uprising started in Gaza,
113
418120
5136
在20世纪80年代后期，一场起义发端于加沙
07:15
and quickly spread to the West Bank
and East Jerusalem.
and East Jerusalem.
114
423280
3080
迅速传播到西岸地区和东耶路撒冷
07:19
It came to be known as the First Intifada,
115
427560
4056
这场起义后来被称为“巴勒斯坦大起义 ”
07:23
and people who have
any visual memory of it
any visual memory of it
116
431640
2336
任何对这场起义仍有视觉记忆的人
07:26
generally conjure up something like this:
117
434000
2800
一般会想起这样的场景：
07:29
Palestinian men
throwing rocks at Israeli tanks.
throwing rocks at Israeli tanks.
118
437680
3960
巴基斯坦男人向以色列坦克扔石块
07:34
The news coverage at the time
119
442800
1496
当时的新闻报道
07:36
made it seem like stones,
Molotov cocktails and burning tires
Molotov cocktails and burning tires
120
444320
4736
让它看起来好像石头、燃烧弹和燃烧的轮胎
07:41
were the only activities
taking place in the Intifada.
taking place in the Intifada.
121
449080
3040
是在这场起义中出现的所有东西
07:45
This period, though, was also marked
by widespread nonviolent organizing
by widespread nonviolent organizing
122
453960
6376
然而，这个时期也同样充斥着非暴力的组织形式
07:52
in the forms of strikes, sit-ins
and the creation of parallel institutions.
and the creation of parallel institutions.
123
460360
4720
罢工、静坐及平行组织的其他活动
07:57
During the First Intifada,
124
465880
1376
在大起义期间
07:59
whole sectors of the Palestinian
civilian population mobilized,
civilian population mobilized,
125
467280
3336
所有的巴基斯坦民族都动员起来
08:02
cutting across generations,
factions and class lines.
factions and class lines.
126
470640
3760
跨越了世代、派系和阶级的界限
08:07
They did this through networks
of popular committees,
of popular committees,
127
475200
2696
他们通过人民委员会网络实现这一切
08:09
and their use of direct action
and communal self-help projects
and communal self-help projects
128
477920
3496
他们对直接行动和社区自助项目的运用
08:13
challenged Israel's very ability
129
481440
2416
直接挑战了以色列持续统治西岸和加沙
08:15
to continue ruling the West Bank and Gaza.
130
483880
2680
的能力
08:19
According to the Israeli Army itself,
131
487600
2336
根据以色列军队自己的说法
08:21
97 percent of activities
during the First Intifada were unarmed.
during the First Intifada were unarmed.
132
489960
5560
大起义期间，百分之97的活动是没有武装的
08:28
And here's another thing that is not
part of our narrative about that time.
part of our narrative about that time.
133
496840
3800
还有一件事情是谈论那个世代时没有提到的
08:33
For 18 months in the Intifada,
134
501320
2456
大起义间的18个月
08:35
women were the ones
calling the shots behind the scenes:
calling the shots behind the scenes:
135
503800
3816
女人们在幕后发号施令
08:39
Palestinian women from all walks of life
136
507640
2496
来自各个阶层的巴基斯坦女人
08:42
in charge of mobilizing
hundreds of thousands of people
hundreds of thousands of people
137
510160
3416
负责动员成千上万的人
08:45
in a concerted effort to withdraw
consent from the occupation.
consent from the occupation.
138
513600
3880
共同努力从占领撤回统一
08:50
Naela Ayyash, who strived to build
a self-sufficient Palestinian economy
a self-sufficient Palestinian economy
139
518760
5296
Naela Ayyash力求通过鼓励加沙的女人在后院种植蔬菜
08:56
by encouraging women in Gaza
to grow vegetables in their backyards,
to grow vegetables in their backyards,
140
524080
5216
建立一个自足的巴基斯坦经济
09:01
an activity deemed illegal
by the Israeli authorities at that time;
by the Israeli authorities at that time;
141
529320
3560
这项活动被当时的以色列政府视为非法
09:06
Rabeha Diab, who took over
decision-making authority
decision-making authority
142
534320
3456
Rabeha Diab
09:09
for the entire uprising
143
537800
1416
在负责运行整个起义的男人
09:11
when the men who had been running it
144
539240
1776
被驱逐后
09:13
were deported;
145
541040
1200
扛起了指定决策的大旗
09:15
Fatima Al Jaafari, who swallowed leaflets
containing the uprising's directives
containing the uprising's directives
146
543440
5496
Fatima AL Jaafari吞下含有起义指令的传单
09:20
in order to spread them
across the territories
across the territories
147
548960
2776
以免在穿越整个领土传递的时候
09:23
without getting caught;
148
551760
1560
被抓到
09:26
and Zahira Kamal,
149
554720
1656
还有Zahira kamal
09:28
who ensured the longevity of the uprising
150
556400
3296
她通过领导一个
09:31
by leading an organization
151
559720
1536
在仅仅一年间人数从25位女人增长到3000的组织
09:33
that went from 25 women
to 3,000 in a single year.
to 3,000 in a single year.
152
561280
4920
保证了起义的长期进行
09:40
Despite their extraordinary achievements,
153
568840
2336
尽管有这些非凡的成就
09:43
none of these women have made it
into our narrative of the First Intifada.
into our narrative of the First Intifada.
154
571200
5000
没有一个女人进入了我们关于大起义的描述中
09:49
We do this in other parts
of the globe, too.
of the globe, too.
155
577880
2120
在世界上的其他地方，我们也是如此行事
09:52
In our history books, for instance,
and in our collective consciousness,
and in our collective consciousness,
156
580800
4216
比如在我们的历史教科书和集体意识中
09:57
men are the public faces and spokespersons
157
585040
3056
对于20世纪60年代的运动
对于美国的种族平等
对于美国的种族平等
10:00
for the 1960s struggle
for racial justice in the United States.
for racial justice in the United States.
158
588120
4080
公众面孔和发言人的形象都是男人
10:05
But women were also
a critical driving force,
a critical driving force,
159
593440
3416
但是女人也是动员、组织、上街的
10:08
mobilizing, organizing,
taking to the streets.
taking to the streets.
160
596880
3080
一股关键力量
10:12
How many of us think of Septima Clark
161
600800
2536
我们当中有多少人在想到美国民权运动年代时
10:15
when we think of the United States
Civil Rights era?
Civil Rights era?
162
603360
2600
会想到Septima Clark?
10:20
Remarkably few.
163
608080
1200
很少有人
10:22
But she played a crucial role
in every phase of the struggle,
in every phase of the struggle,
164
610800
4416
但她在运动的每一个阶段都起到了关键作用
10:27
particularly by emphasizing
literacy and education.
literacy and education.
165
615240
3656
特别是她对读写教育的强调
10:30
She's been omitted, ignored,
166
618920
2496
她被省略，被忽略
10:33
like so many other women
who played critical roles
who played critical roles
167
621440
3696
正如其他那些在美国民权运动中
10:37
in the United States
Civil Rights Movement.
Civil Rights Movement.
168
625160
2040
起到关键角色的女人一样
10:41
This is not about getting credit.
169
629920
2080
这不是关于得到功劳
10:45
It's more profound than that.
170
633360
1600
这比那意义深远的多
10:48
The stories we tell matter deeply
to how we see ourselves,
to how we see ourselves,
171
636400
4136
我们讲述的故事对我们如何看待自己
10:52
and to how we believe movements are run
172
640560
2696
我们认为运动是如何进行的
10:55
and how movements are won.
173
643280
1880
运动是怎样成功的至关重要
10:57
The stories we tell about a movement
like the First Intifada
like the First Intifada
174
645960
2856
我们的关于运动的故事，比如大起义
11:00
or the United States Civil Rights era
175
648840
1936
或者美国民权运动世代
11:02
matter deeply
and have a critical influence
and have a critical influence
176
650800
4096
影响深远
11:06
in the choices Palestinians,
177
654920
2656
并且对巴基斯坦人
11:09
Americans
178
657600
1296
美国人
11:10
and people around the world will make
179
658920
2096
以及第三世界国家的人民在
11:13
next time they encounter an injustice
180
661040
2296
再次遇到不公待遇时采取的抉择
11:15
and develop the courage to confront it.
181
663360
2280
以及获得对抗的勇气都有关键性的影响
11:18
If we do not lift up the women who played
critical roles in these struggles,
critical roles in these struggles,
182
666560
4256
如果我们不表彰那些在斗争中起到关键作用的女人们
11:22
we fail to offer up role models
to future generations.
to future generations.
183
670840
3960
我们就不能为后代树立榜样
11:28
Without role models, it becomes harder
184
676200
3056
没有榜样，在公共生活中
11:31
for women to take up their rightful space
185
679280
3016
女人要想取得自己合乎权利的空间
11:34
in public life.
186
682320
1200
会更加困难
11:37
And as we saw earlier,
187
685320
2136
正如我们之前所见
11:39
one of the most critical variables
188
687480
1816
决定一个运动成功与否的
11:41
in determining whether
a movement will be successful or not
a movement will be successful or not
189
689320
4176
关键因素之一
11:45
is a movement's ideology
regarding the role of women
regarding the role of women
190
693520
4016
是这个运动关于女人在公共生活中角色的
11:49
in public life.
191
697560
1200
意识形态
11:52
This is a question of whether we're moving
192
700320
2056
这是一个我们是否向向
11:54
towards more democratic
and peaceful societies.
and peaceful societies.
193
702400
2880
更加民主和和平社会转变的问题
11:59
In a world where so much
change is happening,
change is happening,
194
707240
2496
在一个如此多的变化正在发生的世界
12:01
and where change is bound to continue
at an increasingly faster pace,
at an increasingly faster pace,
195
709760
4240
变化本身注定要以更快的步伐继续下去
12:06
it is not a question
of whether we will face conflict,
of whether we will face conflict,
196
714880
3720
这不是我们是否会面对冲突的问题
12:11
but rather a question
197
719680
1536
而是哪些故事
12:13
of which stories will shape
198
721240
3376
能影响我们如何选择
12:16
how we choose to wage conflict.
199
724640
2920
发起冲突的问题
12:20
Thank you.
200
728560
1456
谢谢
12:22
(Applause)
201
730040
4802
[掌声]
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Bacha - FilmmakerJulia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times.
Why you should listen
Bacha started her filmmaking career writing and editing Control Room (2004), a documentary about the inner workings of the Arab satellite television channel Al Jazeera. She then wrote and co-directed Encounter Point (2006) and directed Budrus (2009), both stories of courageous bridge-building between Palestinians and Israelis in a highly volatile environment. Her most recent film, My Neighborhood (2012), follows a Palestinian teenager struggling to reclaim his home in East Jerusalem from Jewish settlers. She is now directing a film about the Palestinian women who secretly led the First Intifada, for which she was awarded a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship.
Julia Bacha | Speaker | TED.com