TEDGlobal 2010
Caroline Phillips: Hurdy-gurdy for beginners
卡罗琳·菲利普斯(Caroline Phillips)：绞弦琴入门
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卡罗琳·菲利普斯用一种鲜为人知的乐器给我们上了一课。这件乐器就是绞弦琴，又名为手摇风琴。在这节课行将结束之时，她为我们演奏了一曲动人的巴斯克音乐。
Caroline Phillips - Musician
Caroline Phillips' rich, soprano voice conjures up the far-and-wide cultures of the world, especially the sound and language of the Basque Country. Full bio
Caroline Phillips' rich, soprano voice conjures up the far-and-wide cultures of the world, especially the sound and language of the Basque Country. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Now, since this is TEDGlobal,
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既然这是TEDGlobal大会，
00:17
who can tell me what this is called in French?
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我就来考考你们，这件乐器的法文名是什么？
00:21
I see you're all up on the history of hurdy-gurdy --
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我认为你们都应精通绞弦琴的历史。
00:23
"vielle à roue."
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法文名是“Vielle à roue”。
00:25
And in Spanish, "zanfona."
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西班牙语名则是“zanfona”。
00:27
And in Italian, "ghironda," okay?
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意大利语则是“ghironda”。
00:29
Hurdy-gurdy, or wheel fiddle.
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这就是绞弦琴或者说是手摇风琴。
00:32
So, these are the different kinds and shapes of the hurdy-gurdy.
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屏幕上所展得是不同类型或不同形状的绞弦琴。
00:35
The hurdy-gurdy is the only musical instrument
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仅有绞弦琴这种乐器
00:38
that uses a crank to turn a wheel
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使用一种曲柄来操控木轮摩擦
00:41
to rub strings, like the bow of a violin,
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琴弦来演奏歌曲，
00:44
to produce music.
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功用与小提琴琴弓一样。
00:46
It has three different kinds of strings.
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绞弦琴有三种不同的琴弦。
00:49
The first string is the drone string,
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第一种是低音琴弦，
00:52
which plays a continuous sound like the bagpipe.
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是用来发出如同风笛一般的持续低音。
00:57
The second string is a melody string,
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第二种则是调音弦，
00:59
which is played with a wooden keyboard tuned like a piano.
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它与木制琴键盒搭配奏出如钢琴般的乐声。
01:08
And the third string is pretty innovative.
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第三种则是独具匠心了。
01:10
It's also the only instrument
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绞弦琴是现今唯一一种
01:12
that uses this kind of technique.
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使用此项技术的乐器。
01:15
It activates what's called the buzzing bridge, or the dog.
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它可以启动响桥(buzzing bridge)或者叫做“dog”。
01:19
When I turn the crank and I apply pressure,
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当我转动曲柄时及施以压力时，
01:25
it makes a sound like a barking dog.
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它就会发出一种如同狗吠般的声音，懂吗？
01:29
So all of this is pretty innovative,
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这些部分都别具匠心啊。
01:31
if you consider
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绞弦琴大约是在
01:33
that the hurdy-gurdy appeared about a thousand years ago
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千年以前就存在的乐器，
01:35
and it took two people to play it;
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当时需要两人一同演奏绞弦琴，
01:37
one to turn the crank,
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一位转动曲柄，
01:39
and another person -- yes -- to play the melody
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另一位则拉动木制琴栓
01:41
by physically pulling up large wooden pegs.
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以驾驭调音弦。
01:45
Luckily, all of this changed a couple of centuries later.
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然后几个世纪后，绞弦琴有所改变，
01:48
So, one person could actually play
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因此一个人亦可以演奏绞弦琴了，
01:50
and almost -- this is pretty heavy --
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当然一个人也能搬动绞弦琴，
01:52
carry the hurdy-gurdy.
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古早的绞弦琴是很重的。
01:55
The hurdy-gurdy has been used, historically, through the centuries
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从音乐史角度来说，绞弦琴
01:58
in mostly dance music
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一般是与舞蹈搭配起来，
02:00
because of the uniqueness of the melody
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这是由于绞弦琴独特的曲调而造成的，
02:03
combined with the acoustic boombox here.
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当然还得和这个内置扬声器配合使用。
02:06
And today, the hurdy-gurdy is used in all sorts of music --
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于当今之世，绞弦琴是可用于各种类别的音乐，
02:09
traditional folk music,
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如民俗音乐、
02:11
dance, contemporary
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舞蹈配乐、当代音乐
02:13
and world music --
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及流行音乐，
02:16
in the U.K., in France, in Spain
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而且它已响彻
02:18
and in Italy.
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欧洲各国。
02:20
And this kind of hurdy-gurdy takes anywhere from three to five years [to order and receive it].
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一件绞弦琴需要一位匠人用
02:23
It's made by specialized luthiers,
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三到五年方能制成，
02:25
also in Europe.
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这些匠人皆居于欧洲。
02:28
And it's very difficult to tune.
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而且绞弦琴调音很困难。
02:32
So without further ado, would you like to hear it?
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闲话不多说，你们想听么？
02:34
(Audience: Yes.)
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(观众：想。)
02:36
Caroline Phillips: I didn't hear you. Would you like to hear it? (Audience: Yes!)
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卡罗琳·菲利普斯：我听不见，你们想不想？(观众：想！)
02:38
CP: Okay.
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卡罗琳·菲利普斯：好！
02:40
There I go.
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马上就开始。
02:43
I'd like to sing in Basque,
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我想用巴斯克语来吟唱，
02:45
which is the language spoken in the Basque Country where I live,
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因为那里是我所居住的地方，
02:48
in the region in France and Spain.
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那是一片位于法国和西班牙之间的区域。
02:51
(Music)
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(音乐)
03:00
[Basque]
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[巴斯克语]
03:45
(Music)
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(音乐)
04:36
Thank you.
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谢谢。
04:38
(Applause)
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(掌声)
04:40
This is a song that I wrote
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这是我根据传统的巴斯克韵律
04:43
based on traditional Basque rhythms.
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所谱写得一首曲子。
04:46
And this is a song that has a kind of a Celtic feel.
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这首曲子是具有凯尔特的风韵。
04:50
(Music)
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(音乐)
05:30
Thank you. Thank you.
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谢谢。
05:32
(Applause)
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(掌声)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Caroline Phillips - MusicianCaroline Phillips' rich, soprano voice conjures up the far-and-wide cultures of the world, especially the sound and language of the Basque Country.
Why you should listen
Californian-born, French-resident entrepreneur and musician Caroline Phillips is one half of Basque music duo Bidaia, alongside Mixel Ducau. Her searching, Moroccan- and East Indian-inflected vocals are accompanied by the distinctive, folky sounds of the hurdy-gurdy, an unfamiliar and unusual string instrument operated with a crank-turned wheel.
Throughout her years as a professional musician, Phillips has regularly performed in jazz clubs and toured with her one-woman show in the Caribbean and North Africa.
Caroline Phillips | Speaker | TED.com