TED2015
Monica Lewinsky: The price of shame
莫妮卡．陸文斯基: 羞辱的代價
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莫妮卡．陸文斯基說：「公開羞辱就像血腥運動一樣必須停止。1998 年，我幾乎是瞬間在全球失去個人名譽的頭號病人。」她在網路上被公開羞辱的經驗，現在已成為常態，而且還有致命的危機。 在這場勇敢的演說中，她仔細檢視我們在網路上的羞辱文化，並且要求大家走一條不同的路。
Monica Lewinsky - Social activist
Monica Lewinsky advocates for a safer and more compassionate social media environment, drawing from her unique experiences at the epicenter of a media maelstrom in 1998. Full bio
Monica Lewinsky advocates for a safer and more compassionate social media environment, drawing from her unique experiences at the epicenter of a media maelstrom in 1998. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
You're looking at a woman
who was publicly silent for a decade.
who was publicly silent for a decade.
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你看到的是一個
對公眾沉默了十年的女人。
對公眾沉默了十年的女人。
顯然情況已經改變了，
00:18
Obviously, that's changed,
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00:20
but only recently.
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但那只是最近的事。
幾個月前，
00:23
It was several months ago
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00:24
that I gave my very first
major public talk
major public talk
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我首次發表大型公開演說，
00:27
at the Forbes 30 Under 30 summit:
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那是在「富比世 30 青年」高峰會上：
00:30
1,500 brilliant people,
all under the age of 30.
all under the age of 30.
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1,500 位全是 30 歲以下的聰明人。
00:35
That meant that in 1998,
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這意謂著在 1998 年，
00:37
the oldest among the group were only 14,
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這群人之中最年長的只有 14 歲，
00:41
and the youngest, just four.
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而最年輕的只有 4 歲。
我和他們開玩笑說，
00:45
I joked with them that some
might only have heard of me
might only have heard of me
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有些人應該只有在饒舌歌裡
聽過我的名字。
聽過我的名字。
00:48
from rap songs.
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00:50
Yes, I'm in rap songs.
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是的，我在饒舌歌裡出現。
00:53
Almost 40 rap songs. (Laughter)
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將近 40 首饒舌歌。（笑聲）
00:58
But the night of my speech,
a surprising thing happened.
a surprising thing happened.
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不過我演講的那晚，
發生了令人驚訝的事。
發生了令人驚訝的事。
01:02
At the age of 41, I was hit on
by a 27-year-old guy.
by a 27-year-old guy.
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41 歲的我
被 27 歲的小夥子搭訕了。
被 27 歲的小夥子搭訕了。
01:09
I know, right?
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我知道，很驚人吧？
01:12
He was charming and I was flattered,
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他很迷人，我也很開心，
01:14
and I declined.
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但我婉拒了。
01:17
You know what his
unsuccessful pickup line was?
unsuccessful pickup line was?
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你知道他的失敗搭訕台詞
是什麼嗎？
是什麼嗎？
01:21
He could make me feel 22 again.
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他可以讓我感覺回到 22 歲。
01:24
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑聲）（掌聲）
01:30
I realized later that night,
I'm probably the only person over 40
I'm probably the only person over 40
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那個晚上我意識到
我可能是唯一年過 40，
我可能是唯一年過 40，
01:35
who does not want to be 22 again.
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卻不想再回到 22 歲的人。
01:38
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:41
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:47
At the age of 22,
I fell in love with my boss,
I fell in love with my boss,
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我 22 歲那年，
愛上了我的上司；
愛上了我的上司；
01:52
and at the age of 24,
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24 歲的時候，
01:55
I learned the devastating consequences.
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我嘗到了毀滅性的後果。
01:59
Can I see a show of hands of anyone here
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在座有以下情況請舉手：
02:02
who didn't make a mistake
or do something they regretted at 22?
or do something they regretted at 22?
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有人 22 歲的時候從未犯錯，
或從未做過後悔的事嗎？
或從未做過後悔的事嗎？
02:09
Yep. That's what I thought.
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沒錯，和我想的一樣。
02:12
So like me, at 22, a few of you
may have also taken wrong turns
may have also taken wrong turns
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就像我 22 歲的時候一樣，
你們之中有些人也做了錯誤的選擇，
02:18
and fallen in love with the wrong person,
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愛上錯的對象，
02:21
maybe even your boss.
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甚至可能是你的上司。
02:24
Unlike me, though, your boss
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但是不像我，你的上司
02:26
probably wasn't the president
of the United States of America.
of the United States of America.
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大概不會是美國總統。
當然，生活中處處都有驚喜。
02:31
Of course, life is full of surprises.
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02:36
Not a day goes by that I'm not
reminded of my mistake,
reminded of my mistake,
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不會因為時間流逝
就沒人提起我犯的錯，
就沒人提起我犯的錯，
我對那個錯誤深感後悔。
02:41
and I regret that mistake deeply.
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02:45
In 1998, after having been swept up
into an improbable romance,
into an improbable romance,
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1998 年，我被捲入一場
不太可能發生的愛情之後，
不太可能發生的愛情之後，
02:52
I was then swept up into the eye
of a political, legal and media maelstrom
of a political, legal and media maelstrom
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我又被捲入政治、法律
和媒體漩渦的核心之中，
和媒體漩渦的核心之中，
02:57
like we had never seen before.
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就像我們從未見過似的。
要記得，僅僅在那之前幾年，
03:01
Remember, just a few years earlier,
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03:03
news was consumed from just three places:
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你只會從三個地方看到新聞：
03:06
reading a newspaper or magazine,
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讀報章雜誌、
03:09
listening to the radio,
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聽廣播，
或是看電視。
03:11
or watching television.
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這就是所有的方式了。
03:13
That was it.
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03:14
But that wasn't my fate.
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但我的命運不只是如此。
03:18
Instead, this scandal was brought to you
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相反地，這個醜聞透過數位革命
03:21
by the digital revolution.
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傳遞給各位。
03:24
That meant we could access
all the information we wanted,
all the information we wanted,
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這意謂著我們可以
獲取任何想要的訊息，
獲取任何想要的訊息，
03:27
when we wanted it, anytime, anywhere,
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只要我們想要了解的時候，
任何時間、任何地點都能看到。
任何時間、任何地點都能看到。
03:32
and when the story broke in January 1998,
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因此當那個故事
在 1998 年一月披露的時候，
在 1998 年一月披露的時候，
03:36
it broke online.
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就在網路上爆發了。
03:39
It was the first time the traditional news
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那是第一次傳統新聞
03:42
was usurped by the Internet
for a major news story,
for a major news story,
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因為一則重要新聞故事
被網路篡位，
被網路篡位，
03:47
a click that reverberated
around the world.
around the world.
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一個點擊就能在世界各地造成迴響。
03:52
What that meant for me personally
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而這件事對於我個人的意義在於：
03:54
was that overnight I went
from being a completely private figure
from being a completely private figure
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一夜之間我從一個普通人
04:00
to a publicly humiliated one worldwide.
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成為一個被全世界公開羞辱的人。
04:05
I was patient zero
of losing a personal reputation
of losing a personal reputation
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我幾乎是轉眼間就成為在全世界
04:09
on a global scale almost instantaneously.
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失去個人名譽的頭號病人。
04:15
This rush to judgment,
enabled by technology,
enabled by technology,
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這種透過科技的批判浪潮，
04:17
led to mobs of virtual stone-throwers.
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帶來了一大夥虛擬的批判暴民。
04:22
Granted, it was before social media,
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就算這件事是在社群媒體出現之前，
04:25
but people could still comment online,
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但是人人都可以在網路上評論，
04:28
email stories, and, of course,
email cruel jokes.
email cruel jokes.
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透過電子郵件寄送故事，當然還有，
透過電子郵件寄送殘忍笑話。
新聞消息來源到處張貼我的照片，
04:34
News sources plastered
photos of me all over
photos of me all over
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04:37
to sell newspapers, banner ads online,
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賣給報紙、網路上的小廣告，
04:41
and to keep people tuned to the TV.
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讓大家繼續看電視。
04:45
Do you recall a particular image of me,
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你有沒有想起我的某一張照片，
04:49
say, wearing a beret?
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比如說，戴著貝雷帽那張？
04:53
Now, I admit I made mistakes,
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現在，我承認我犯過的錯誤，
04:56
especially wearing that beret.
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尤其是戴著那頂貝雷帽。
05:00
But the attention and judgment
that I received, not the story,
that I received, not the story,
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但是那些針對我的關注和批評，
不是針對故事，
不是針對故事，
05:04
but that I personally received,
was unprecedented.
was unprecedented.
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而是針對於我個人的關注和批評
史無前例。
史無前例。
05:08
I was branded as a tramp,
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我被貼上淫婦、
05:12
tart, slut, whore, bimbo,
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妓女、蕩婦、娼妓、笨女人的標籤，
05:18
and, of course, that woman.
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當然還有「那個女人」。
05:22
I was seen by many
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很多人見過我，
但是只有少數人認識我。
05:25
but actually known by few.
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05:28
And I get it: it was easy to forget
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然而我知道：大家很容易忘記
05:32
that that woman was dimensional,
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那個女人曾有軀體、
05:34
had a soul, and was once unbroken.
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有靈魂，而且曾完整無缺。
05:41
When this happened to me 17 years ago,
there was no name for it.
there was no name for it.
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這件事 17 年前發生在我身上的時候，
還沒有專有名詞形容它。
還沒有專有名詞形容它。
05:46
Now we call it cyberbullying
and online harassment.
and online harassment.
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現在我們稱為
網路霸凌或者網路騷擾。
網路霸凌或者網路騷擾。
05:52
Today, I want to share
some of my experience with you,
some of my experience with you,
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今天，我想和大家分享一些我的經歷，
05:55
talk about how that experience has helped
shape my cultural observations,
shape my cultural observations,
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說說那個經歷如何幫我
塑造我的文化觀察，
塑造我的文化觀察，
06:00
and how I hope my past experience
can lead to a change that results
can lead to a change that results
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還有我多麼希望
過去的經歷能帶來改變，
過去的經歷能帶來改變，
06:05
in less suffering for others.
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讓更少人遭受苦難。
1998 年，我失去了
我的名譽和尊嚴。
我的名譽和尊嚴。
06:10
In 1998, I lost my reputation
and my dignity.
and my dignity.
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06:15
I lost almost everything,
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我幾乎失去一切，
06:18
and I almost lost my life.
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也幾乎失去了我的生活。
06:24
Let me paint a picture for you.
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讓我為各位描繪一幅圖像。
06:29
It is September of 1998.
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那是在 1998 年九月，
06:32
I'm sitting in a windowless office room
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我坐在一間沒有窗戶的辦公室裡，
06:35
inside the Office
of the Independent Counsel
of the Independent Counsel
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位在獨立檢察官的辦公室內，
06:38
underneath humming fluorescent lights.
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頭頂上的日光燈嗡嗡作響。
06:43
I'm listening to the sound of my voice,
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我聽著自己的聲音，
06:46
my voice on surreptitiously
taped phone calls
taped phone calls
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我在秘密錄音電話裡的聲音，
06:50
that a supposed friend
had made the year before.
had made the year before.
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那是原以為是朋友的人
在前一年錄的音。
在前一年錄的音。
06:53
I'm here because
I've been legally required
I've been legally required
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我在這裡是因為法令上要求
06:57
to personally authenticate
all 20 hours of taped conversation.
all 20 hours of taped conversation.
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我要親自證明這 20 小時
錄音對話的真實性。
錄音對話的真實性。
在那過去八個月，這些神秘的錄音內容
07:05
For the past eight months,
the mysterious content of these tapes
the mysterious content of these tapes
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07:09
has hung like the Sword
of Damocles over my head.
of Damocles over my head.
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像一把達摩克利斯之劍
懸在我的頭上。
懸在我的頭上。
07:13
I mean, who can remember
what they said a year ago?
what they said a year ago?
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我是說，誰記得他們一年前說了什麼？
07:17
Scared and mortified, I listen,
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我窘迫且驚恐地聽著，
07:23
listen as I prattle on
about the flotsam and jetsam of the day;
about the flotsam and jetsam of the day;
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聽著我聊一天中的雜事；
07:27
listen as I confess my love
for the president,
for the president,
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聽著我承認對總統的愛，
07:31
and, of course, my heartbreak;
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當然還有，我的傷心事；
07:34
listen to my sometimes catty,
sometimes churlish, sometimes silly self
sometimes churlish, sometimes silly self
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聽著我有時狡詐、有時無禮、
有時很愚蠢的自己，
有時很愚蠢的自己，
07:39
being cruel, unforgiving, uncouth;
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變得冷酷、無情、粗魯；
07:45
listen, deeply, deeply ashamed,
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聽著，感到深深、深深地慚愧，
07:48
to the worst version of myself,
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對於我最差的一面，
07:50
a self I don't even recognize.
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那個連我自己都認不出的自己。
07:56
A few days later, the Starr Report
is released to Congress,
is released to Congress,
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幾天之後，史塔報告送進國會，
08:00
and all of those tapes and transcripts,
those stolen words, form a part of it.
those stolen words, form a part of it.
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還有所有的錄音帶和抄本，
那些偷來的文字成了其中一部分。
那些偷來的文字成了其中一部分。
08:06
That people can read the transcripts
is horrific enough,
is horrific enough,
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那些人們可以閱讀的抄本
已經夠恐怖了，
已經夠恐怖了，
08:10
but a few weeks later,
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但是幾週之後，
08:13
the audio tapes are aired on TV,
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錄音帶在電視上播出，
08:17
and significant portions
made available online.
made available online.
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而且重要的部分還被放在網路上。
08:22
The public humiliation was excruciating.
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公開羞辱讓人非常痛苦，
08:27
Life was almost unbearable.
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生活幾乎讓人難以承受。
08:32
This was not something that happened
with regularity back then in 1998,
with regularity back then in 1998,
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這在 1998 年的時候
可不是一件尋常的事情，
可不是一件尋常的事情，
08:38
and by this, I mean the stealing
of people's private words, actions,
of people's private words, actions,
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透過這點，我是指
竊取人們的私人言論、行動、
竊取人們的私人言論、行動、
08:43
conversations or photos,
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對話或圖片，
08:46
and then making them public --
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然後公開一切——
08:49
public without consent,
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未經同意就公開，
08:51
public without context,
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沒有交代來龍去脈就公開，
08:53
and public without compassion.
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而且毫不留情地公開。
時間快轉 12 年到 2010 年，
08:58
Fast forward 12 years to 2010,
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09:01
and now social media has been born.
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現在社群媒體誕生了。
09:05
The landscape has sadly become much
more populated with instances like mine,
more populated with instances like mine,
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到處都可悲地充斥著
和我一樣的例子，
和我一樣的例子，
09:10
whether or not someone
actually make a mistake,
actually make a mistake,
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不管這個人是不是真的犯了錯，
09:13
and now it's for both public
and private people.
and private people.
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而且現在這是公眾人物
和一般平民都會有的遭遇。
和一般平民都會有的遭遇。
09:18
The consequences for some
have become dire, very dire.
have become dire, very dire.
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結果對一些人來說
變得殘忍，非常殘忍。
變得殘忍，非常殘忍。
09:25
I was on the phone with my mom
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有天我和母親通電話，
09:28
in September of 2010,
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那是在 2010 年九月的時候，
09:31
and we were talking about the news
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當時我們在討論
關於羅格斯大學一位新生的新聞，
09:32
of a young college freshman
from Rutgers University
from Rutgers University
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09:35
named Tyler Clementi.
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他的名叫泰勒．克里蒙提。
09:38
Sweet, sensitive, creative Tyler
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親切、感性、有創造力的泰勒
09:41
was secretly webcammed by his roommate
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曾被室友用網路攝影機偷拍，
09:44
while being intimate with another man.
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當時他和男生正在親密互動。
09:48
When the online world
learned of this incident,
learned of this incident,
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當網路世界知道了這個事件，
09:51
the ridicule and cyberbullying ignited.
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嘲笑與網路霸凌一觸即發。
09:56
A few days later,
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幾天後，
09:57
Tyler jumped from
the George Washington Bridge
the George Washington Bridge
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泰勒從喬治華盛頓大橋跳下，
10:01
to his death.
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因此喪命。
10:03
He was 18.
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他當時才 18 歲。
10:07
My mom was beside herself about
what happened to Tyler and his family,
what happened to Tyler and his family,
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我的母親對泰勒
和他家人的經歷非常驚訝，
和他家人的經歷非常驚訝，
10:12
and she was gutted with pain
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她既傷痛又震驚，
10:14
in a way that I just couldn't
quite understand,
quite understand,
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用一種我無法理解的方式悲慟，
10:18
and then eventually I realized
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最後我才終於意識到
10:20
she was reliving 1998,
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她再次經歷了 1998 年，
10:23
reliving a time when she sat
by my bed every night,
by my bed every night,
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再次經歷她每夜
坐在我床邊的那個時候，
坐在我床邊的那個時候，
10:30
reliving a time when she made me shower
with the bathroom door open,
with the bathroom door open,
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再次經歷她讓我
開著浴室門洗澡的那個時候，
開著浴室門洗澡的那個時候，
10:36
and reliving a time
when both of my parents feared
when both of my parents feared
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再次經歷我的父母都很害怕
10:40
that I would be humiliated to death,
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我可能因為羞辱而死的那個時候，
10:43
literally.
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真的是這樣。
10:48
Today, too many parents
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如今，太多的家長
10:51
haven't had the chance to step in
and rescue their loved ones.
and rescue their loved ones.
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沒有機會介入或營救自己的摯愛。
10:54
Too many have learned
of their child's suffering and humiliation
of their child's suffering and humiliation
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很多家長知道孩子
感到痛苦和羞辱的時候
感到痛苦和羞辱的時候
10:58
after it was too late.
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都已經太遲了。
11:01
Tyler's tragic, senseless death
was a turning point for me.
was a turning point for me.
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泰勒悲劇、沒有意義的死亡
對我來說是個轉折點。
對我來說是個轉折點。
11:06
It served to recontextualize
my experiences,
my experiences,
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這件事讓我用新觀點
檢視我的經驗，
檢視我的經驗，
11:10
and I then began to look at the world
of humiliation and bullying around me
of humiliation and bullying around me
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然後我開始去看這個
在我身邊充斥羞辱和霸凌的世界，
在我身邊充斥羞辱和霸凌的世界，
11:14
and see something different.
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去看不一樣的事物。
11:18
In 1998, we had no way of knowing
where this brave new technology
where this brave new technology
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1998 年，我們沒有辦法了解
這個名為「網際網路」的美好新科技
這個名為「網際網路」的美好新科技
11:23
called the Internet would take us.
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會帶我們到什麼境界。
11:26
Since then, it has connected people
in unimaginable ways,
in unimaginable ways,
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那之後，它以難以想像的方式
聯繫著人們、
聯繫著人們、
11:30
joining lost siblings,
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找到失散的手足、
11:32
saving lives, launching revolutions,
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拯救生命、發動革命，
11:36
but the darkness, cyberbullying,
and slut-shaming that I experienced
and slut-shaming that I experienced
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但黑暗面是，我經歷的
網路霸凌和蕩婦羞辱
網路霸凌和蕩婦羞辱
11:41
had mushroomed.
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也開始快速成長。
11:45
Every day online, people,
especially young people
especially young people
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每天在網路上的人，
尤其是年輕人，
尤其是年輕人，
11:49
who are not developmentally
equipped to handle this,
equipped to handle this,
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他們還沒發展健全到
能處理這樣的事件，
能處理這樣的事件，
11:52
are so abused and humiliated
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他們被虐待、羞辱
11:55
that they can't imagine living
to the next day,
to the next day,
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到無法想像明天的生活，
11:57
and some, tragically, don't,
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不幸的是還有些人沒能多活一天，
12:01
and there's nothing virtual about that.
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而這些卻根本不是虛擬的事。
英國非營利組織「兒童熱線」
致力於幫助年輕人各種問題，
致力於幫助年輕人各種問題，
12:05
ChildLine, a U.K. nonprofit that's focused
on helping young people on various issues,
on helping young people on various issues,
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12:11
released a staggering statistic
late last year:
late last year:
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去年底發布了一項驚人數據：
12:15
From 2012 to 2013,
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2012 年到 2013 年之間
12:18
there was an 87 percent increase
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3274
增加了 87% 的
12:22
in calls and emails related
to cyberbullying.
to cyberbullying.
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電話和電子郵件網路霸凌。
12:27
A meta-analysis done
out of the Netherlands
out of the Netherlands
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一份來自荷蘭的整合分析
12:29
showed that for the first time,
189
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1995
最早指出
12:31
cyberbullying was leading
to suicidal ideations
to suicidal ideations
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網路霸凌引起的自殺念頭
12:36
more significantly than offline bullying.
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3900
遠比非網路霸凌來得更為嚴重。
12:40
And you know what shocked me,
although it shouldn't have,
although it shouldn't have,
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而讓我震驚的是
──雖然這也是預料中的事──
──雖然這也是預料中的事──
12:43
was other research last year
that determined humiliation
that determined humiliation
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去年的另一項研究認定羞辱
12:47
was a more intensely felt emotion
194
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2998
是一種強烈的情緒感受，
12:50
than either happiness or even anger.
195
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4060
比快樂甚至憤怒來得更強烈。
12:56
Cruelty to others is nothing new,
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3185
殘酷對待他人不是什麼新鮮事，
12:59
but online, technologically
enhanced shaming is amplified,
enhanced shaming is amplified,
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6380
但是在網路上，
羞辱透過科技會變本加厲、
羞辱透過科技會變本加厲、
13:05
uncontained, and permanently accessible.
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5317
失去控制，而且會永久存在。
13:11
The echo of embarrassment used to extend
only as far as your family, village,
only as far as your family, village,
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5690
原本尷尬的迴響
只會存在家庭、村里、
只會存在家庭、村里、
13:16
school or community,
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2344
學校或社區裡，
13:19
but now it's the online community too.
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3878
但現在也會在網路社群迴響。
13:23
Millions of people, often anonymously,
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2842
幾百萬人，通常是匿名，
13:25
can stab you with their words,
and that's a lot of pain,
and that's a lot of pain,
203
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3993
可以用他們的話刺傷你，
讓你非常痛苦，
讓你非常痛苦，
13:29
and there are no perimeters
around how many people
around how many people
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而且無數人不分遠近
13:33
can publicly observe you
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可以公開觀察你、
13:35
and put you in a public stockade.
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讓你置身在公開的牢籠裡。
13:39
There is a very personal price
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公然羞辱的代價因人而異，
13:42
to public humiliation,
208
810186
2114
13:45
and the growth of the Internet
has jacked up that price.
has jacked up that price.
209
813130
5771
而網路的發展提高了這個代價。
13:51
For nearly two decades now,
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2427
將近二十年來，
13:54
we have slowly been sowing the seeds
of shame and public humiliation
of shame and public humiliation
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我們慢慢播下羞恥與公然羞辱的種子，
13:58
in our cultural soil,
both on- and offline.
both on- and offline.
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在我們的文化土地上，
不論是網路上或下了線。
不論是網路上或下了線。
14:04
Gossip websites, paparazzi,
reality programming, politics,
reality programming, politics,
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4898
八卦網站、狗仔隊、
真人實境秀、政治、
真人實境秀、政治、
14:09
news outlets and sometimes hackers
all traffic in shame.
all traffic in shame.
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5836
新聞報導和一些駭客
都在販賣羞恥。
都在販賣羞恥。
14:14
It's led to desensitization
and a permissive environment online
and a permissive environment online
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這導致麻木不仁
以及放縱的網路環境，
以及放縱的網路環境，
14:19
which lends itself to trolling,
invasion of privacy, and cyberbullying.
invasion of privacy, and cyberbullying.
216
847159
6362
導致網路成為惹是生非、
侵犯隱私、網路霸凌的環境。
侵犯隱私、網路霸凌的環境。
14:25
This shift has created
what Professor Nicolaus Mills calls
what Professor Nicolaus Mills calls
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這個轉變形成了
尼古拉斯．米勒教授所說的
尼古拉斯．米勒教授所說的
14:29
a culture of humiliation.
218
857306
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羞辱文化。
想想單是過去六個月發生的重大案件。
14:33
Consider a few prominent examples
just from the past six months alone.
just from the past six months alone.
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5179
14:38
Snapchat, the service which is used
mainly by younger generations
mainly by younger generations
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Snapchat（閱後即刪的應用程式）
主要用戶為年輕世代，
主要用戶為年輕世代，
14:43
and claims that its messages
only have the lifespan
only have the lifespan
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這個程式聲稱裡面的訊息壽命
14:46
of a few seconds.
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1703
只有幾秒鐘。
14:47
You can imagine the range
of content that that gets.
of content that that gets.
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3410
你能想像會收到什麼類型的內容。
14:51
A third-party app which Snapchatters
use to preserve the lifespan
use to preserve the lifespan
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使用者用來延長
訊息壽命的第三方軟體
訊息壽命的第三方軟體
14:55
of the messages was hacked,
225
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被駭客攻擊了，
14:57
and 100,000 personal conversations,
photos, and videos were leaked online
photos, and videos were leaked online
226
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6850
十萬人的私人對話、
照片、影片被洩漏在網路上，
照片、影片被洩漏在網路上，
15:04
to now have a lifespan of forever.
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而現在這些東西就會永存於世。
15:09
Jennifer Lawrence and several other actors
had their iCloud accounts hacked,
had their iCloud accounts hacked,
228
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4156
珍妮佛．勞倫斯和幾位演員的
蘋果雲端帳號被駭客攻擊，
蘋果雲端帳號被駭客攻擊，
15:13
and private, intimate, nude photos
were plastered across the Internet
were plastered across the Internet
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3947
私密照和裸體照
被放在網路上到處散布，
被放在網路上到處散布，
15:17
without their permission.
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1882
卻沒經過他們的允許。
15:19
One gossip website
had over five million hits
had over five million hits
231
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4132
單是一個八卦網站
就有超過五百萬人次點閱
就有超過五百萬人次點閱
15:23
for this one story.
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2575
這個事件。
索尼影像被駭客攻擊的事呢？
15:27
And what about the Sony Pictures
cyberhacking?
cyberhacking?
233
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3499
15:30
The documents which received
the most attention
the most attention
234
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2997
那些備受關注的文件
是私人電子郵件，
是私人電子郵件，
15:33
were private emails that had
maximum public embarrassment value.
maximum public embarrassment value.
235
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6036
這些信件將公開讓人難堪的代價
放到最大。
放到最大。
15:39
But in this culture of humiliation,
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3250
但是在這個羞辱的文化中，
15:42
there is another kind of price tag
attached to public shaming.
attached to public shaming.
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4090
有另外一種價格標籤
貼在公開羞辱上。
貼在公開羞辱上。
15:47
The price does not measure
the cost to the victim,
the cost to the victim,
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3158
它的價格不在估計受害者的損失，
15:50
which Tyler and too many others,
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2253
比如泰勒和許多人，
15:53
notably women, minorities,
240
941050
1974
尤其是婦女、少數民族，
15:55
and members of the LGBTQ
community have paid,
community have paid,
241
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4178
和非異性戀者所付出的，
15:59
but the price measures the profit
of those who prey on them.
of those who prey on them.
242
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4556
而是計算那些掠奪者的利益。
16:04
This invasion of others is a raw material,
243
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4063
侵犯他人的行為是原料，
16:08
efficiently and ruthlessly mined,
packaged and sold at a profit.
packaged and sold at a profit.
244
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5990
有效率、無情地挖掘，
然後包裝、販賣獲利。
然後包裝、販賣獲利。
16:14
A marketplace has emerged
where public humiliation is a commodity
where public humiliation is a commodity
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5782
當公開羞辱成為商品、
恥辱成為產業的時候，
恥辱成為產業的時候，
16:20
and shame is an industry.
246
968703
3344
市場就此浮現。
16:24
How is the money made?
247
972047
3692
那錢是怎麼產生的呢？
16:27
Clicks.
248
975739
1834
點閱。
16:29
The more shame, the more clicks.
249
977573
2531
越多羞辱，就有越多點閱。
16:32
The more clicks,
the more advertising dollars.
the more advertising dollars.
250
980104
3854
越多點閱，就有越多廣告費。
16:37
We're in a dangerous cycle.
251
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2205
我們身在危險的循環之中。
16:39
The more we click on this kind of gossip,
252
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2925
我們點閱越多這種八卦，
16:42
the more numb we get
to the human lives behind it,
to the human lives behind it,
253
990558
3721
我們對生活在背後的人們
越是感到麻木，
越是感到麻木，
16:46
and the more numb we get,
the more we click.
the more we click.
254
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5456
我們越是麻木，就會點閱越多。
16:51
All the while, someone is making money
255
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2923
總是會有人在他人受苦受難之後
16:54
off of the back
of someone else's suffering.
of someone else's suffering.
256
1002658
2883
牟取利益。
16:58
With every click, we make a choice.
257
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2803
每一次點閱，我們就做一次決定。
17:01
The more we saturate our culture
with public shaming,
with public shaming,
258
1009674
3412
我們越是讓公開羞辱
充斥在自己的文化中，
充斥在自己的文化中，
17:05
the more accepted it is,
259
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1859
我們越能接受它，
17:06
the more we will see behavior
like cyberbullying,
like cyberbullying,
260
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3203
我們就會看到越多像是網路霸凌、
17:10
trolling, some forms of hacking,
261
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2647
惹是生非、一些駭客的攻擊方式，
17:12
and online harassment.
262
1020795
2926
還有網路上的騷擾。
17:15
Why? Because they all have
humiliation at their cores.
humiliation at their cores.
263
1023721
7708
為什麼？
因為這些行為的核心都是羞辱。
因為這些行為的核心都是羞辱。
17:23
This behavior is a symptom
of the culture we've created.
of the culture we've created.
264
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4296
這個行為就是
我們創造的文化的一種症狀。
我們創造的文化的一種症狀。
17:27
Just think about it.
265
1035725
2307
想想這件事。
17:31
Changing behavior begins
with evolving beliefs.
with evolving beliefs.
266
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3412
行為的改變從發展信念開始。
17:34
We've seen that to be true
with racism, homophobia,
with racism, homophobia,
267
1042644
3506
我們從種族歧視、
同性戀恐懼症中看到改變成真，
同性戀恐懼症中看到改變成真，
17:38
and plenty of other biases,
today and in the past.
today and in the past.
268
1046150
3950
還有諸多當代或過去的偏見。
17:42
As we've changed beliefs
about same-sex marriage,
about same-sex marriage,
269
1050910
3158
當我們對同性戀婚姻的想法改變，
17:46
more people have been
offered equal freedoms.
offered equal freedoms.
270
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4482
更多人就因此獲得平等的自由。
當我們開始重視永續性，
17:50
When we began valuing sustainability,
271
1058550
2183
17:52
more people began to recycle.
272
1060733
2948
就有更多人開始做資源回收。
17:55
So as far as our culture
of humiliation goes,
of humiliation goes,
273
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3275
所以隨著羞辱文化的發展，
17:58
what we need is a cultural revolution.
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我們需要的是一場文化革命。
18:02
Public shaming
as a blood sport has to stop,
as a blood sport has to stop,
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公開羞辱就像血腥運動必須停止，
18:06
and it's time for an intervention
on the Internet and in our culture.
on the Internet and in our culture.
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現在是時候介入處理
網路和我們的文化了。
網路和我們的文化了。
18:11
The shift begins with something simple,
but it's not easy.
but it's not easy.
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這場轉變始於一種簡單，
但卻不容易的方式。
但卻不容易的方式。
18:16
We need to return to a long-held value
of compassion -- compassion and empathy.
of compassion -- compassion and empathy.
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我們需要回到一直以來
都擁有的同情心
都擁有的同情心
──同情以及同理，
在網路上，我們碰到同理匱乏，
18:22
Online, we've got a compassion deficit,
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18:25
an empathy crisis.
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同理的危機。
18:29
Researcher Brené Brown said, and I quote,
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我引用研究員布芮尼．布朗說過的話：
18:32
"Shame can't survive empathy."
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「有了同理心，羞辱感就不會存在。」
18:36
Shame cannot survive empathy.
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有了同理心，羞辱感就不會存在。
18:42
I've seen some very dark days in my life,
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我在生命中見過
一些非常黑暗的日子，
一些非常黑暗的日子，
18:46
and it was the compassion and empathy
from my family, friends, professionals,
from my family, friends, professionals,
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是那些來自家人、朋友、專家，
18:52
and sometimes even strangers
that saved me.
that saved me.
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有時候甚至是陌生人的同情和同理，
拯救了我。
拯救了我。
即使是一個人的同情也能帶來改變。
18:57
Even empathy from one person
can make a difference.
can make a difference.
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19:02
The theory of minority influence,
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少數人影響力理論
19:04
proposed by social psychologist
Serge Moscovici,
Serge Moscovici,
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是由社會心理學家
塞奇．莫斯科維奇提出，
塞奇．莫斯科維奇提出，
19:08
says that even in small numbers,
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理論指出即使是非常少數，
19:10
when there's consistency over time,
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只要一直持續不斷進行，
19:13
change can happen.
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就可以帶來改變。
19:15
In the online world,
we can foster minority influence
we can foster minority influence
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在網路世界，我們可以
透過成為榜樣，培養少數人影響力。
19:19
by becoming upstanders.
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19:21
To become an upstander means
instead of bystander apathy,
instead of bystander apathy,
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成為榜樣意謂著
與其像旁觀者一樣無情，
與其像旁觀者一樣無情，
19:25
we can post a positive comment for someone
or report a bullying situation.
or report a bullying situation.
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我們可以發表支持網友的正面評論，
或是檢舉霸凌的情況。
或是檢舉霸凌的情況。
19:30
Trust me, compassionate comments
help abate the negativity.
help abate the negativity.
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相信我，富有同情的留言
可以幫助消除負面情緒。
可以幫助消除負面情緒。
我們也可以消除這種文化，
19:35
We can also counteract the culture
by supporting organizations
by supporting organizations
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透過支持處理這類問題的組織，
19:39
that deal with these kinds of issues,
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19:41
like the Tyler Clementi
Foundation in the U.S.,
Foundation in the U.S.,
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就像在美國的泰勒．克里蒙提基金會
(Tyler Clementi Foundation)，
(Tyler Clementi Foundation)，
19:44
In the U.K., there's Anti-Bullying Pro,
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在英國有反霸凌組織
(Anti-Bullying Pro)，
(Anti-Bullying Pro)，
19:47
and in Australia, there's Project Rockit.
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在澳洲則有搖滾計畫 (Project Rockit)。
19:52
We talk a lot about our right
to freedom of expression,
to freedom of expression,
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我們談論很多言論自由權的議題，
19:58
but we need to talk more about
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但是我們需要討論更多針對
20:00
our responsibility
to freedom of expression.
to freedom of expression.
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大家對言論自由的責任。
20:03
We all want to be heard,
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我們都希望自己的聲音被聽見，
20:06
but let's acknowledge the difference
between speaking up with intention
between speaking up with intention
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但是請分清楚
為了傳達意義而挺身呼籲，
為了傳達意義而挺身呼籲，
20:11
and speaking up for attention.
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和為了吸引注意而發表言論
兩者間的不同。
兩者間的不同。
網際網路是傳達自我的高速公路，
20:15
The Internet is
the superhighway for the id,
the superhighway for the id,
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20:19
but online, showing empathy to others
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但是在網路上，
向他人展現同理心對大家都有利，
20:22
benefits us all and helps create
a safer and better world.
a safer and better world.
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而且也能創造更安全美好的世界。
20:27
We need to communicate
online with compassion,
online with compassion,
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我們需要富有同情心地
在網路上交流，
在網路上交流，
20:31
consume news with compassion,
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富有同情心地閱讀新聞，
20:33
and click with compassion.
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並且富有同情心地點閱。
20:36
Just imagine walking a mile
in someone else's headline.
in someone else's headline.
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只要試想自己長期
成為別人頭條新聞的感受。
成為別人頭條新聞的感受。
20:43
I'd like to end on a personal note.
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我想以個人心得做結語。
20:47
In the past nine months,
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在過去的九個月中，
20:49
the question I've been
asked the most is why.
asked the most is why.
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我最常被到的問題是：為什麼？
為什麼是現在？
20:53
Why now? Why was I
sticking my head above the parapet?
sticking my head above the parapet?
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為什麼我敢發表
可能引發眾怒的言論？
可能引發眾怒的言論？
20:57
You can read between the lines
in those questions,
in those questions,
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你可以在那些問題的
字裡行間了解一些事，
字裡行間了解一些事，
20:59
and the answer has nothing
to do with politics.
to do with politics.
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而答案與政治毫無關係。
21:03
The top note answer was and is
because it's time:
because it's time:
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最主要的答案是
因為這是時候了：
因為這是時候了：
21:09
time to stop tip-toeing around my past;
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是時候停止小心翼翼
活在我的過去中；
活在我的過去中；
21:11
time to stop living a life of opprobrium;
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是時候停止過著
被批評羞辱的生活；
被批評羞辱的生活；
21:15
and time to take back my narrative.
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也是時候由我說自己的故事。
21:18
It's also not just about saving myself.
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這不只是拯救我自己。
21:23
Anyone who is suffering from shame
and public humiliation
and public humiliation
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任何一個感受過恥辱
與被公開羞辱的人
與被公開羞辱的人
21:26
needs to know one thing:
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都需要知道一件事：
21:29
You can survive it.
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你能挺過來的。
21:32
I know it's hard.
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我知道這很艱難，
21:34
It may not be painless, quick or easy,
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也許會痛，也許漫長、困難，
21:38
but you can insist
on a different ending to your story.
on a different ending to your story.
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但是你可以堅持
讓自己的故事有不同的結尾。
讓自己的故事有不同的結尾。
21:43
Have compassion for yourself.
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同情你自己。
21:46
We all deserve compassion,
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我們都值得同情，
21:49
and to live both online and off
in a more compassionate world.
in a more compassionate world.
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無論在網路上或下了線，
也都值得生活在
更富有同情心的世界裡。
更富有同情心的世界裡。
謝謝各位聆聽。
21:55
Thank you for listening.
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21:58
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Monica Lewinsky - Social activistMonica Lewinsky advocates for a safer and more compassionate social media environment, drawing from her unique experiences at the epicenter of a media maelstrom in 1998.
Why you should listen
After becoming the focus of the history-changing federal investigation into her private life, Monica Lewinsky found herself, at 24 years old, one of the first targets of a “culture of humiliation”: a now-familiar cycle of media, political and personal harassment – particularly online.
Lewinsky survived to reclaim her personal narrative. During a decade of silence she received her Masters in Social Psychology from the London School of Economics and Political Science. In 2014, Lewinsky returned to the public eye with an acclaimed essay for Vanity Fair, which has been nominated for a National Magazine Award for best Essay Writing, and with a widely viewed speech at Forbes’ 30 Under 30 Summit.
Monica Lewinsky | Speaker | TED.com