TEDxSouthBank
Yassmin Abdel-Magied: What does my headscarf mean to you?
雅士民．阿卜戴．瑪桀德: 對你而言，我的頭巾代表什麼？
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
2,259,470 views
潛意識偏見是一個推動文化的普遍因素，它使我基於我們的成長背景和影響做出一些看法。這種含蓄的偏見影響一切。現在我們應該考慮周全，更聰明，更好。在這個幽默，開誠布公地演講，雅士民．阿卜戴．瑪桀德以一種讓我們驚訝的方式挑戰我們去超越我們的第一印象。
Yassmin Abdel-Magied - Mechanical engineer, social advocate
Yassmin Abdel-Magied wears many hats, including a hijab. She's a mechanical engineer, writer and activist who campaigns for tolerance and diversity. Full bio
Yassmin Abdel-Magied wears many hats, including a hijab. She's a mechanical engineer, writer and activist who campaigns for tolerance and diversity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
當看見像我一樣的人走在路上，
00:13
Someone who looks like me
walks past you in the street.
walks past you in the street.
0
1670
3971
00:18
Do you think they're a mother,
1
6772
1979
你會想到她們是母親，
00:20
a refugee
2
8751
1448
難民，
00:22
or a victim of oppression?
3
10199
2054
又或者是某種壓迫的受害人？
00:24
Or do you think they're a cardiologist,
4
12253
2201
又或者是心臟病學家，
00:26
a barrister
5
14454
1042
律師，
00:27
or maybe your local politician?
6
15496
1789
或是當地的政客？
00:30
Do you look me up and down,
7
18325
1958
你從頭到尾的看我，
00:32
wondering how hot I must get
8
20283
1492
在猜我會有多熱，
00:33
or if my husband has forced me
to wear this outfit?
to wear this outfit?
9
21775
3729
是不是我的丈夫強迫我穿這套衣服？
如果我將圍巾圍成這樣呢？
00:38
What if I wore my scarf like this?
10
26384
2877
我穿著同樣的衣服走在街上，
00:43
I can walk down the street
in the exact same outfit
in the exact same outfit
11
31531
3232
00:46
and what the world expects of me
and the way I'm treated
and the way I'm treated
12
34763
2657
這個世界對我有什麽期待和它怎麽對待我
00:49
depends on the arrangement
of this piece of cloth.
of this piece of cloth.
13
37420
3351
決定於我如何戴這條圍巾。
00:52
But this isn't going to be
another monologue about the hijab
another monologue about the hijab
14
40771
3114
不過這不是一場有關
穆斯林婦女頭巾的獨白，
穆斯林婦女頭巾的獨白，
00:55
because Lord knows, Muslim women
are so much more than the piece of cloth
are so much more than the piece of cloth
15
43885
3976
因為上主知道，
穆斯林婦女不會受限於一塊
穆斯林婦女不會受限於一塊
00:59
they choose, or not,
to wrap their head in.
to wrap their head in.
16
47861
3959
她們選擇戴或不戴的頭巾。
01:03
This is about looking beyond your bias.
17
51820
3744
這是關於超越你的偏見的。
01:08
What if I walked past you and later on
18
56204
1880
如果我走過你身邊
01:10
you'd found out that actually
I was a race car engineer,
I was a race car engineer,
19
58084
3594
然後你發現我實際上是個賽車工程師，
01:13
and that I designed my own race car
and I ran my university's race team,
and I ran my university's race team,
20
61678
3444
我設計自己的賽車，
我也組織了一支大學賽車隊，
我也組織了一支大學賽車隊，
01:17
because it's true.
21
65122
1505
這是真的。
01:19
What if I told you that I was actually
trained as a boxer for five years,
trained as a boxer for five years,
22
67117
5010
如果我告訴你我是接受了
五年專業訓練的拳擊手呢？
五年專業訓練的拳擊手呢？
那也是真的。
01:24
because that's true, too.
23
72127
1527
你會嚇一跳嗎？
01:26
Would it surprise you?
24
74224
2814
為什麼？
01:29
Why?
25
77038
1489
01:31
Ladies and gentlemen, ultimately,
26
79487
1832
各位女士先生，最終
01:33
that surprise and the behaviors
associated with it
associated with it
27
81319
3028
這種驚奇和導致的行為都源自於
01:36
are the product of something
called unconscious bias,
called unconscious bias,
28
84347
2653
所謂的潛意識偏見，
01:39
or implicit prejudice.
29
87000
1372
或者叫隱涵的歧視。
01:40
And that results in the
ridiculously detrimental
ridiculously detrimental
30
88372
3241
結果是謊繆地且
有害地使我們的勞動力缺少多元性
01:43
lack of diversity in our workforce,
31
91613
1738
01:45
particularly in areas of influence.
32
93351
2363
特別是在有影響力的職位。
01:47
Hello, Australian Federal Cabinet.
33
95714
2532
嗨！澳洲聯邦內閣。
01:50
(Applause)
34
98246
2072
（掌聲）
01:52
Let me just set something out
from the outset:
from the outset:
35
100318
3009
讓我從頭開始說明：
01:55
Unconscious bias is not the same
as conscious discrimination.
as conscious discrimination.
36
103327
3362
潛意識偏見有別於有意識的歧視。
01:58
I'm not saying that in all of you,
there's a secret sexist or racist
there's a secret sexist or racist
37
106689
3510
我不是說你們中間潛伏著
秘密的性別歧視者，種族歧視者
秘密的性別歧視者，種族歧視者
02:02
or ageist lurking within,
waiting to get out.
waiting to get out.
38
110199
2642
或年齡歧視者，
正伺機逃走。
正伺機逃走。
02:04
That's not what I'm saying.
39
112841
1737
這並不是我要說的。
02:06
We all have our biases.
40
114578
1952
我們都有偏見。
02:08
They're the filters through which
we see the world around us.
we see the world around us.
41
116530
3339
我們用它來過濾這個世界。
02:11
I'm not accusing anyone,
42
119869
1975
我不是在譴責誰，
02:13
bias is not an accusation.
43
121844
1494
偏見並不是一種罪名。
02:15
Rather, it's something that
has to be identified,
has to be identified,
44
123338
2541
而是我們需要將它們指出來，
02:17
acknowledged and mitigated against.
45
125879
3203
承認和改善。
偏見可以是種族的，
02:21
Bias can be about race,
46
129082
1394
02:22
it can be about gender.
47
130476
1204
也可以是性別的。
02:23
It can also be about class,
education, disability.
education, disability.
48
131680
3703
也可能是對階級、教育或傷殘的偏見。
事實是，我們對於不同的事物
02:27
The fact is, we all have biases
against what's different,
against what's different,
49
135383
3023
02:30
what's different to our social norms.
50
138406
2929
以及不同於我們的社會規範都有偏見。
重要的是，如果我們想生活在
02:33
The thing is, if we want
to live in a world
to live in a world
51
141335
3024
02:36
where the circumstances of your birth
52
144359
3135
一個你出生的環境
02:39
do not dictate your future
53
147494
2441
不會主宰你的未來，而且我們每個人都會有平等的機會的世界，
02:41
and where equal opportunity is ubiquitous,
54
149935
2205
不會主宰你的未來，而且我們每個人都會有平等的機會的世界，
02:44
then each and every one of us
has a role to play
has a role to play
55
152140
3557
那麼我們每一個人都需要扮演
02:47
in making sure unconscious bias
does not determine our lives.
does not determine our lives.
56
155697
3263
一個確定潛意識偏見不再左右
我們的生命的角色。
我們的生命的角色。
在潛意識偏見領域有一個
非常有名的實驗。
非常有名的實驗。
02:52
There's this really famous experiment
in the space of unconscious bias
in the space of unconscious bias
57
160120
3789
02:55
and that's in the space of gender
in the 1970s and 1980s.
in the 1970s and 1980s.
58
163909
3728
那是在1970，1980年代所做的
有關性別歧視實驗。
有關性別歧視實驗。
在那個時代，交響樂團大都有男性組成，
02:59
So orchestras, back in the day,
were made up mostly of dudes,
were made up mostly of dudes,
59
167637
4035
03:03
up to only five percent were female.
60
171672
2801
最多只有5％的女性。
03:06
And apparently, that was because
men played it differently,
men played it differently,
61
174473
3268
顯然，人們都認為男性的技巧不同，
03:09
presumably better, presumably.
62
177741
2814
大家都假定他們的技巧比較好，
大家如此假定。
大家如此假定。
03:12
But in 1952, The Boston Symphony Orchestra
63
180555
2962
不過在1952年，波士頓交響樂團
03:15
started an experiment.
64
183517
1765
開始了一個試驗。
03:17
They started blind auditions.
65
185282
1843
他們開展了一次盲眼試聽來
03:19
So rather than face-to-face auditions,
you would have to play behind a screen.
you would have to play behind a screen.
66
187125
3829
取代面對面的方式，
應徵者在布幕後演奏。
應徵者在布幕後演奏。
03:22
Now funnily enough,
67
190954
1512
有趣的是，
03:24
no immediate change was registered
68
192466
2288
男女的錄取比率並沒有改變,
03:26
until they asked the audition-ers
to take their shoes off
to take their shoes off
69
194754
3136
直到他們要求應徵者
03:29
before they entered the room.
70
197890
1688
在進場前脫鞋。
03:31
because the clickity-clack
of the heels
of the heels
71
199578
2040
因為鞋跟踩在木地板的喀嗒聲
03:33
against the hardwood floors
72
201618
1941
因為鞋跟踩在木地板的喀嗒聲
03:35
was enough to give the ladies away.
73
203559
2269
透露了女士們的性別。
你知道嗎，
03:37
Now get this,
74
205828
1506
03:39
there results of the audition showed
75
207334
1862
試演的結果顯示，
03:41
that there was a 50 percent
increased chance
increased chance
76
209196
3000
通過初選這一關的女性應徵者
增加了百分之五十，
增加了百分之五十，
03:44
a woman would progress past
the preliminary stage.
the preliminary stage.
77
212196
2930
通過初選這一關的女性應徵者
增加了百分之五十，
增加了百分之五十，
03:47
And it almost tripled
their chances of getting in.
their chances of getting in.
78
215126
4454
她們入選的機會差不多增加了三倍。
03:51
What does that tell us?
79
219580
1513
這說明了什麼？
03:53
Well, unfortunately for the guys,
men actually didn't play differently,
men actually didn't play differently,
80
221093
3836
不幸地，對男性而言，
他們的技巧沒有不一樣，
他們的技巧沒有不一樣，
03:56
but there was the perception
that they did.
that they did.
81
224929
2900
那只是大家對他們的看法而已。
03:59
And it was that bias that was
determining their outcome.
determining their outcome.
82
227829
3317
那種偏見決定了他們的錄取結果。
04:03
So what we're doing here
is identifying and acknowledging
is identifying and acknowledging
83
231146
3098
我們要做的是找到並且承認
04:06
that a bias exists.
84
234244
1048
這種偏見的存在。
04:07
And look, we all do it.
85
235292
1618
我們都有這種偏見。
04:08
Let me give you an example.
86
236910
1787
讓我給你一個例子。
04:10
A son and his father are in
a horrible car accident.
a horrible car accident.
87
238697
3778
一對父子遭遇了一場交通意外。
04:14
The father dies on impact
88
242475
1864
父親當場受傷死亡，
04:16
and the son, who's severely injured,
is rushed to hospital.
is rushed to hospital.
89
244339
3660
兒子也受重傷，並被送進了醫院
04:19
The surgeon looks at the son
when they arrive and is like,
when they arrive and is like,
90
247999
3382
手術醫生看見兒子被送到面前，
04:23
"I can't operate."
91
251381
2407
說：「我不能做手術。」
為什麼？
04:25
Why?
92
253788
1906
04:27
"The boy is my son."
93
255694
3206
「因為他是我的兒子。」
04:30
How can that be?
94
258900
1348
這怎麼可能呢？
04:32
Ladies and gentlemen,
95
260248
1220
各位女士先生，
04:33
the surgeon is his mother.
96
261468
2866
手術醫生其實是他的母親。
04:36
Now hands up -- and it's okay --
97
264334
1743
請舉手 －－ 沒關係 －－
04:38
but hands up if you initially assumed
the surgeon was a guy?
the surgeon was a guy?
98
266077
3760
如果你假設手術醫生是個男的，請舉手。
04:42
There's evidence that
that unconscious bias exists,
that unconscious bias exists,
99
270917
2921
這就證明了潛意識偏見的存在，
04:45
but we all just have
to acknowledge that it's there
to acknowledge that it's there
100
273838
3032
我們必須承認那個個偏見的存在
04:48
and then look at ways
that we can move past it
that we can move past it
101
276870
2684
然後我們才會找方法去超越它，
這樣我們才可以找到解決方法。
04:51
so that we can look at solutions.
102
279554
2704
[限額還是不限？]
04:54
Now one of the interesting things
103
282588
2487
在潛意識偏見的領域的
一個有趣的事是有關限額的討論。
一個有趣的事是有關限額的討論。
04:57
around the space of unconscious bias
is the topic of quotas.
is the topic of quotas.
104
285075
3282
05:00
And this something
that's often brought up.
that's often brought up.
105
288357
2325
這經常被拿出來討論，
其中一個反對的理由是能力的問題。
05:02
And of of the criticisms
is this idea of merit.
is this idea of merit.
106
290682
3311
我不要因為我是女性才被選上，
05:05
Look, I don't want to be picked
because I'm a chick,
because I'm a chick,
107
293993
3172
我要因為我的能力被選上，
05:09
I want to be picked because
I have merit,
I have merit,
108
297165
2267
因為我是最適合這個工作的人。
05:11
because I'm the best person for the job.
109
299432
2176
有一個在和我一起工作的女性工程師
之間相當普遍的觀點，
之間相當普遍的觀點，
05:13
It's a sentiment that's pretty common
among female engineers
among female engineers
110
301608
2899
05:16
that I work with and that I know.
111
304507
1906
有一個在和我一起工作的女性工程師
之間相當普遍的觀點，
之間相當普遍的觀點，
05:18
And yeah, I get it, I've been there.
112
306413
1901
對，我理解它，因為我就在其中——
05:20
But, if the merit idea was true,
113
308314
2339
如果能力的觀點是真的，
05:22
why would identical resumes,
in an experiment done in 2012 by Yale,
in an experiment done in 2012 by Yale,
114
310653
4767
為什麼耶魯大學2012年的實驗中
05:27
identical resumes sent out
for a lab technician,
for a lab technician,
115
315420
4594
在同樣的應徵實驗室技術員的履歷表中，
05:32
why would Jennifers
be deemed less competent,
be deemed less competent,
116
320014
3216
為什麼女性被視為比較不勝任，
05:35
be less likely to be offered the job,
117
323230
2264
她們比較不可能得到這個工作，
她們比男性的薪水低？
05:37
and be paid less than Johns.
118
325494
3677
05:42
The unconscious bias is there,
119
330191
1433
那是因為潛意識的偏見的原因，
05:43
but we just have to look at
how we can move past it.
how we can move past it.
120
331624
2436
但我們只需要看如何能去除它。
05:46
And, you know, it's interesting,
121
334060
1621
有趣的是，
一些研究提出為什麼會如此的理由
05:47
there's some research that talks about
122
335681
1813
05:49
why this is the case and
it's called the merit paradox.
it's called the merit paradox.
123
337494
2852
那就是能力悖論。
05:52
And in organizations --
and this is kind of ironic --
and this is kind of ironic --
124
340346
2521
在一些機構裡，這是一種諷刺——
05:54
in organizations that talk about merit
being their primary value-driver
being their primary value-driver
125
342867
3827
那些說能力是他們雇用員工的
主要因素的機構——
主要因素的機構——
05:58
in terms of who they hire,
126
346694
1372
那些說能力是他們雇用員工的
主要因素的機構——
主要因素的機構——
06:00
they were more likely to hire dudes
and more likely to pay the guys more
and more likely to pay the guys more
127
348066
3495
但他們更可能雇用男性，
並且付他們更高的薪水，
並且付他們更高的薪水，
06:03
because apparently merit
is a masculine quality.
is a masculine quality.
128
351561
3607
因為顯然他們所謂的能力是男性。
06:07
But, hey.
129
355168
1262
不過，嗯，
06:08
So you guys think you've got
a good read on me,
a good read on me,
130
356430
2314
所以你們覺得已經充分了解我了，
06:10
you kinda think you know what's up.
131
358744
3431
你想你已經知道我要說什麼了。
06:14
Can you imagine me running one of these?
132
362175
3573
你可以想像我在負責這個嗎？
你可以想像我走進來，說：
06:17
Can you imagine me walking in
and being like,
and being like,
133
365748
2287
06:20
"Hey boys, this is what's up.
This is how it's done."
This is how it's done."
134
368035
3105
「嗨，男士們，這裡是這樣操作，
這兒是這樣做的。」
這兒是這樣做的。」
06:23
Well, I'm glad you can.
135
371140
2540
好的，我很高興你可以想像到。
06:31
(Applause)
136
379260
2903
（掌聲）
06:37
Because ladies and gentlemen,
that's my day job.
that's my day job.
137
385233
3077
各位先生女士，這是我白天的工作。
06:40
And the cool thing about it is
that it's pretty entertaining.
that it's pretty entertaining.
138
388310
2937
更酷的是，那還是很具娛樂性的。
06:43
Actually, in places like Malaysia,
139
391247
1688
實際上，一些像馬來西亞的地區，
06:44
Muslim women on rigs
isn't even comment-worthy.
isn't even comment-worthy.
140
392935
2460
操作鉆機的穆斯林婦女
並不稀奇。
並不稀奇。
06:47
There are that many of them.
141
395395
1369
因為她們人數眾多。
06:48
But, it is entertaining.
142
396764
1228
不過，那是很有趣的。
06:49
I remember, I was telling one of the guys,
143
397992
2057
我記得曾告訴一位男士：
「嗨，夥伴，我真的想要學衝浪。」
06:52
"Hey, mate, look, I really want
to learn how to surf."
to learn how to surf."
144
400049
2571
他說：「雅士敏, 我不知道你如何
穿著那些衣服去衝浪，
穿著那些衣服去衝浪，
06:54
And he's like, "Yassmin, I don't
know how you can surf
know how you can surf
145
402620
2561
06:57
with all that gear you've got on,
146
405181
2371
他說：「雅士敏, 我不知道你如何
穿著那些衣著去衝浪，
穿著那些衣著去衝浪，
而且我也不知道哪裡有女性專用海灘。」
06:59
and I don't know any women-only beaches."
147
407552
2674
07:02
And then, the guy came up
with a brilliant idea,
with a brilliant idea,
148
410226
2284
然後，這個男士想到一個妙極的方法，
07:04
he was like, "I know, you run
that organization
that organization
149
412510
2258
他說：「對！你在負責那個
07:06
Youth Without Borders, right?
150
414768
1860
叫做青春無國界的組織，不是嗎？
07:08
Why don't you start a clothing line
for Muslim chicks in beaches.
for Muslim chicks in beaches.
151
416628
4654
為什麼你不為穆斯林婦女
開發一個沙灘上穿的服裝系列，
開發一個沙灘上穿的服裝系列，
07:13
You can call it
Youth Without Boardshorts."
Youth Without Boardshorts."
152
421282
2637
就叫做’青春不衝浪‘好啦。」
07:15
(Laughter)
153
423919
1516
（笑聲）
07:17
And I was like, "Thanks, guys."
154
425435
1815
於是我回應：「謝謝，夥伴。」
07:19
And I remember another bloke
telling me that
telling me that
155
427250
3106
我還記得另一個傢伙告訴我，
07:22
I should eat all the yogurt I could
156
430356
1813
我應該食光所有的酸奶，
07:24
because that was the only culture
I was going to get around there.
I was going to get around there.
157
432169
3218
因為那是我唯一可以在那裡找的特產了。
07:29
But, the problem is, it's kind of true
158
437477
2889
問題是，好像真是這麽回事，
07:32
because there's an intense
lack of diversity in our workforce,
lack of diversity in our workforce,
159
440366
3338
在我們的勞動力實在是嚴重缺乏多元性，
07:35
particularly in places of influence.
160
443704
2288
尤其是在重要職位上。
07:37
Now, in 2010,
161
445992
1360
2010年，
07:39
The Australian National University
did an experiment
did an experiment
162
447352
2473
澳洲國立大學做了一個實驗，
07:41
where they sent out
4,000 identical applications
4,000 identical applications
163
449825
3606
他們投出4000份同樣的申請
07:45
to entry level jobs, essentially.
164
453431
3532
到初級水平的工作裡。
07:48
To get the same number of interviews
as someone with an Anglo-Saxon name,
as someone with an Anglo-Saxon name,
165
456963
4214
以盎格魯-撒克遜人的名字申請，
可得到同等數量的面試機會，
可得到同等數量的面試機會，
07:53
if you were Chinese, you had
to send out 68 percent more applications.
to send out 68 percent more applications.
166
461177
4497
可如果你是中國人，
你必須寄出額外68％的申請。
你必須寄出額外68％的申請。
07:57
If you were Middle Eastern --
Abdel-Magied --
Abdel-Magied --
167
465674
2694
如果你是中東人，比方说我，
08:00
you had to send out 64 percent,
168
468368
2050
你必須寄出額外64％，
08:02
and if you're Italian,
you're pretty lucky,
you're pretty lucky,
169
470418
2163
如果你是義大利人，那你真夠幸運，
08:04
you only have to send out 12 percent more.
170
472581
2561
你只需要寄出額外12％。
08:07
In places like Silicon Valley,
it's not that much better.
it's not that much better.
171
475142
3009
一些像是矽谷的地方也不會好很多，
08:10
In Google, they put out
some diversity results
some diversity results
172
478151
2297
Google拿出職工的種族佔比數據：
08:12
and 61 percent white, 30 percent Asian
and nine, a bunch of blacks, Hispanics,
and nine, a bunch of blacks, Hispanics,
173
480448
6942
61％白人，30％亞洲人和9％的黑人拉美人，
08:19
all that kind of thing.
174
487390
1327
如此類推。
08:20
And the rest of the tech world
is not that much better
is not that much better
175
488717
2628
科技界也不見得更好。
08:23
and they've acknowledged it,
176
491345
1332
他們也承認這個，
08:24
but I'm not really sure
what they're doing about it.
what they're doing about it.
177
492677
2548
我不真正肯定他們在做什麽以改善這種狀況。
08:27
The thing is, it doesn't trickle up.
178
495225
2220
事情並不是一蹴而就。
08:29
In a study done by Green Park,
179
497445
1758
Green Park的研究顯示，
08:31
who are a British senior exec supplier,
180
499203
4072
它是英國高級獵頭，
08:35
they said that over half
of the FTSE 100 companies
of the FTSE 100 companies
181
503275
4463
他們說超過一半進入富士100指數（富士集團編寫的倫交所100只最受歡迎的股票）的公司
08:39
don't have a nonwhite leader
at their board level,
at their board level,
182
507738
2400
不論是執行或非執行董事會，
08:42
executive or non-executive.
183
510138
1455
全都是白人。
08:43
And two out of every three
don't have an executive
don't have an executive
184
511593
4093
三分之二的公司中，
08:47
who's from a minority.
185
515686
2270
沒有來自少數民族的總經理。
08:49
And most of the minorities
that are at that sort of level
that are at that sort of level
186
517956
2822
大部分的做到較高層的來自少數民族的人，
08:52
are non-executive board directors.
187
520778
1642
都只是非執行董事，
08:54
So their influence isn't that great.
188
522420
2666
所以他們沒有很大的影響力。
08:57
I've told you a bunch of terrible things.
189
525086
2215
我已經告訴你一大堆可怕的事情，
08:59
You're like, "Oh my god, how bad is that?
What can I do about it?"
What can I do about it?"
190
527301
3421
你可能會想：“天啊！怎麼會這樣？
我可以做什麼？”
我可以做什麼？”
09:03
Well, fortunately,
191
531662
2153
幸運的是，
09:05
we've identified that there's a problem.
192
533815
2042
我們已經意識到這是個問題。
09:07
There's a lack of opportunity,
and that's due to unconscious bias.
and that's due to unconscious bias.
193
535857
4936
因為潛意識偏見，造成了機會的缺失。
09:13
But you might be sitting
there thinking,
there thinking,
194
541713
1959
不過你可能會坐在一邊想
09:15
"I ain't brown. What's that got
to do with me?"
to do with me?"
195
543672
3810
“我不是有色人種，這跟我有什麼關係？”
09:20
Let me offer you a solution.
196
548042
2424
讓我告訴你一個解決方法。
09:22
And as I've said before,
197
550466
1251
如之前所說，
09:23
we live in a world where
we're looking for an ideal.
we're looking for an ideal.
198
551717
3851
我們生活在一個並不理想化的世界，
09:27
And if we want to create a world
199
555568
1640
如果我們想創造一個
09:29
where the circumstances
of your birth don't matter,
of your birth don't matter,
200
557208
2601
我們不會受出生環境條件影響的世界，
09:31
we all have to be part of the solution.
201
559809
2029
我們都需要作出努力。
09:33
And interestingly, the author
of the lab resume experiment
of the lab resume experiment
202
561838
3075
有趣的是，簡歷實驗的作者
09:36
offered some sort of a solution.
203
564913
1601
提供一個解決方法。
09:38
She said the one thing that brought
the successful women together,
the successful women together,
204
566514
3734
她說把成功的女性都聚集在一起的一樣事物，
09:42
the one thing that they had in common,
205
570248
1979
她們都擁有的一樣事物，
09:44
was the fact that they had good mentors.
206
572227
2467
是她們都有一個不錯的導師。
09:46
So mentoring, we've all kind of
heard that before,
heard that before,
207
574694
2445
導師，我們都聽過這個詞，
09:49
it's in the vernacular.
208
577139
2438
通俗易懂。
09:52
Here's another challenge for you.
209
580267
2394
這是另外一個給你的挑戰，
09:54
I challenge each and every one of you
to mentor someone different.
to mentor someone different.
210
582661
4200
我會挑戰在座的每一位去指導幫助
一位不同的人。
一位不同的人。
09:59
Think about it.
211
587771
1217
請想一想。
10:00
Everyone wants to mentor someone
who kind of is familiar,
who kind of is familiar,
212
588988
3046
每一個人想指導自己熟悉的人。
10:04
who looks like us,
213
592034
859
那些長得與我們相像的人，
10:04
we have shared experiences.
214
592893
1474
我們有同樣的經歷。
10:06
If I see a Muslim chick
who's got a bit of attitude,
who's got a bit of attitude,
215
594367
2661
如果我看見一個悶悶不樂的穆斯林女生
10:09
I'm like, "What's up? We can hang out."
216
597028
1853
我會說“發生什麼了？我們出去聊聊吧！”
10:10
You walk into a room and there's someone
who went to the same school,
who went to the same school,
217
598881
3236
你走進一個房間，
那裡有和你同一所學校的人，
那裡有和你同一所學校的人，
10:14
you play the same sports,
218
602117
1311
和你在做一樣的體育運動，
10:15
there's a high chance that you're
going to want to help that person out.
going to want to help that person out.
219
603428
3554
你會更樂意去幫助他。
10:19
But for the person in the room
who has no shared experiences with you
who has no shared experiences with you
220
607016
3493
但對於房間裡的陌生人，沒有同樣經歷，
10:22
it becomes extremely difficult
to find that connection.
to find that connection.
221
610509
2906
那麼你不會想要幫助他。
10:25
The idea of finding someone
different to mentor,
different to mentor,
222
613415
2419
去幫助一個與你不同的人，
10:27
someone who doesn't come
from the same background as you,
from the same background as you,
223
615834
2671
與你背景不一樣的人——
10:30
whatever that background is,
224
618505
1483
就算是任何背景——
10:31
is about opening doors
for people who couldn't even get
for people who couldn't even get
225
619988
3348
就跟想要那些緊閉心門的人
敞開心扉一樣。
敞開心扉一樣。
10:35
to the damn hallway.
226
623336
1995
就跟想要那些緊閉心門的人
敞開心扉一樣。
敞開心扉一樣。
10:38
Because ladies and gentlemen,
the world is not just.
the world is not just.
227
626081
3485
因為，各位先生女士，
世界並不平等。
世界並不平等。
10:41
People are not born
with equal opportunity.
with equal opportunity.
228
629566
2133
人不是生而就有平等機會。
10:43
I was born in one of the poorest
cities in the world, Khartoum.
cities in the world, Khartoum.
229
631699
3287
我出生在世界上其中一個最窮的城市 －
喀土木（蘇丹首都）。
喀土木（蘇丹首都）。
10:46
I was born brown, I was born female,
230
634986
2121
我有咖啡色皮膚，生為女性，
生為一個穆斯林，
生為一個穆斯林，
10:49
and I was born Muslim in a world
that is pretty suspicious of us
that is pretty suspicious of us
231
637107
3834
生活在這個出於一些我不能控制的原因
而使人們對我們充滿懷疑的世界上。
而使人們對我們充滿懷疑的世界上。
10:52
for reasons I can't control.
232
640941
3245
生活在這個出於一些我不能控制的原因
而使人們對我們充滿懷疑的世界上。
而使人們對我們充滿懷疑的世界上。
10:56
However, I also acknowledge the fact
that I was born with privilege.
that I was born with privilege.
233
644186
3970
無論如何，我也必須承認一個事實，
我出生就帶有特權。
我出生就帶有特權。
11:00
I was born with amazing parents,
234
648156
1669
我有一對超棒的父母，
11:01
I was given an education
235
649825
1605
我有機會接受教育，
11:03
and had the blessing
of migrating to Australia.
of migrating to Australia.
236
651430
2637
有機會移民到澳洲的福利。
11:06
But also, I've been blessed
with amazing mentors
with amazing mentors
237
654067
2591
我有幸能有一些出色的導師，
11:08
who've opened doors for me
that I didn't even know were there.
that I didn't even know were there.
238
656658
3016
一些為我打開了一些未知的門。
11:11
A mentor who said to me,
239
659674
1358
一位老師告訴我，
11:13
"Hey, your story's interesting.
240
661032
1603
“嗨，你的故事很有趣。
11:14
Let's write something about it
so that I can share it with people."
so that I can share it with people."
241
662635
3227
寫一些東西吧，好讓更多人可以分享它。”
11:17
A mentor who said,
242
665862
1006
又有一位老師說：
11:18
"I know you're all those things that don't
belong on an Australian rig,
belong on an Australian rig,
243
666868
3351
「我知道你看起來和澳洲的鑽井平台
沒有一點關係，
沒有一點關係，
11:22
but come on anyway."
244
670219
1329
但那又怎麼樣呢！」
11:23
And here I am, talking to you.
245
671548
1507
現在，我站在這裡，對著你們說話。
11:25
And I'm not the only one.
246
673055
1338
而我並非那唯一一個。
11:26
There's all sorts of people
in my communities
in my communities
247
674393
2469
我的社區裡有我認識許多各類的人
11:28
that I see have been
helped out by mentors.
helped out by mentors.
248
676862
2164
曾得到多位導師的幫助。
11:31
A young Muslim man in Sydney
249
679026
1779
一位在雪梨的穆斯林男子
11:32
who ended up using his mentor's help
250
680805
3168
他後來因為一位導師的協助
11:35
to start up a poetry slam in Bankstown
251
683973
3503
在班克斯開創了一個詩會
11:39
and now it's a huge thing.
252
687476
1622
現在很夯。
11:41
And he's able to change the lives
of so many other young people.
of so many other young people.
253
689098
3120
他因此改變了許多年輕人的生命。
11:44
Or a lady here in Brisbane,
254
692218
1324
另外一位在布里斯班的女士，
11:45
an Afghan lady who's a refugee,
255
693542
1858
她是一位來自阿富汗的難民，
11:47
who could barely speak English
when she came to Australia,
when she came to Australia,
256
695400
2751
她到達澳洲時幾乎不會說英語，
11:50
her mentors helped her become a doctor
257
698151
1879
她的導師幫助她成了一個醫生。
11:52
and she took our Young Queenslander
of the Year Award in 2008.
of the Year Award in 2008.
258
700030
3223
她在2008年得到
年輕昆士蘭人年度大獎。
年輕昆士蘭人年度大獎。
11:55
She's an inspiration.
259
703253
2273
她是一位啟發者。
12:02
This is so not smooth.
260
710366
1610
這不是很順利。
12:06
This is me.
261
714376
2564
這是我。
12:08
But I'm also the woman in the rig clothes,
262
716940
2872
但我也是那個
穿著石油操縱員的衣服的女士，
穿著石油操縱員的衣服的女士，
12:11
and I'm also the woman who was
in the abaya at the beginning.
in the abaya at the beginning.
263
719812
3799
也是那位在開始的時候穿著長袍的女士。
12:15
Would you have chosen to mentor me
if you had seen me
if you had seen me
264
723611
3098
你在看到那些穿著的我時，
會選擇指導我嗎？
會選擇指導我嗎？
12:18
in one of those other versions
of who I am?
of who I am?
265
726709
2253
你在看到那些穿著的我時，
會選擇指導我嗎？
會選擇指導我嗎？
12:20
Because I'm that same person.
266
728962
2508
我是同一個人。
12:24
We have to look past our unconscious bias,
267
732110
2904
我們必須超越我們的潛意識的偏見，
12:27
find someone to mentor who's at
the opposite end of your spectrum
the opposite end of your spectrum
268
735014
3192
指導那些與我們的生活範圍相反的人。
12:30
because structural change takes time,
269
738206
2385
因為社會結構的改變很緩慢，
12:32
and I don't have that level of patience.
270
740591
4116
而我沒有那種程度的耐心。
12:36
So if we're going to create a change,
271
744707
1761
所以如果我們要創造變化，
12:38
if we're going to create a world
272
746468
1562
如果我們要創造一個
12:40
where we all have
those kinds of opportunities,
those kinds of opportunities,
273
748030
2256
所有人都有同樣的機會的世界，
12:42
then choose to open doors for people.
274
750286
2371
我們就要選擇為其他人敞開心門。
12:44
Because you might think that
diversity has nothing to do with you,
diversity has nothing to do with you,
275
752657
3814
你可能會認為差異化與你無關，
12:48
but we are all part of this system
276
756471
1734
但我們都是這個制度的一部分，
12:50
and we can all be part of that solution.
277
758205
2096
因此我們都能成為解決問題的重要一環。
12:52
And if you don't know
where to find someone different,
where to find someone different,
278
760301
2554
如果你不知道去那裡找和自己不同的人，
12:54
go to the places you wouldn't usually go.
279
762855
1978
去你平常不會去的地方。
12:56
If you enroll in
private high school tutoring,
private high school tutoring,
280
764833
2163
如果你通常是去私立高中做指導老師，
12:58
go to your local state school
281
766996
1467
就改去當地的公立學校，
13:00
or maybe just drop into your
local refugee tutoring center.
local refugee tutoring center.
282
768463
3430
或許就去當地的難民指導中心。
13:03
Or perhaps you work at an office.
283
771893
1723
如果你在辦公室工作，
13:05
Take out that new grad who looks
totally out of place --
totally out of place --
284
773616
2998
那就指導那個完全不知所措的
新畢業生 －－
新畢業生 －－
13:08
'cause that was me --
285
776614
1328
因為那就是以前的我 －－
13:09
and open doors for them,
286
777942
1328
為他們打開心門，
13:11
not in a tokenistic way,
because we're not victims,
because we're not victims,
287
779270
2630
以循序漸進的方式，
因為我們不是受害者，
因為我們不是受害者，
13:13
but show them the opportunities
288
781900
2068
而是向他們指出機會在哪裏，
13:15
because opening up your world
289
783968
2102
因為藉由打開你的世界，
13:18
will make you realize that
you have access to doors
you have access to doors
290
786070
2671
你會了解到
你可以打開那些
你可以打開那些
13:20
that they didn't even know existed
291
788741
1824
他們從來都不知道存在的門，
13:22
and you didn't even know
they didn't have.
they didn't have.
292
790565
2936
打開那些甚至你都不知道
他們有沒有的大門。
他們有沒有的大門。
13:25
Ladies and gentlemen,
293
793501
2857
女士和先生們，
13:28
there is a problem in our community
with lack of opportunity,
with lack of opportunity,
294
796358
3549
我們的社區有缺乏機會的問題，
13:31
especially due to unconscious bias.
295
799907
1843
特別是由於潛意識的偏見。
13:33
But each and every one one of you
has the potential to change that.
has the potential to change that.
296
801750
4032
但你們每一位都有改變這個問題的潛力。
13:37
I know you've been given a lot
of challenges today,
of challenges today,
297
805782
2872
我知道我今天給了你們許多挑戰，
13:40
but if you can take this one piece
and think about it a little differently,
and think about it a little differently,
298
808654
3841
但如果你可以接受挑戰，
做一點不同的思維，
做一點不同的思維，
13:44
because diversity is magic.
299
812495
3241
因為差異很神奇。
13:47
And I encourage you to look past
your initial perceptions
your initial perceptions
300
815736
3818
我也鼓勵你回顧你的最初的感覺。
13:51
because I bet you,
301
819554
1824
因為我打賭，
13:53
they're probably wrong.
302
821378
1821
那些感覺很可能是錯的。
13:55
Thank you.
303
823199
2425
感謝大家！
13:57
(Applause)
304
825624
3391
(掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yassmin Abdel-Magied - Mechanical engineer, social advocateYassmin Abdel-Magied wears many hats, including a hijab. She's a mechanical engineer, writer and activist who campaigns for tolerance and diversity.
Why you should listen
Yassmin Abdel-Magied is on a mission to promote diversity throughout society, however and wherever she can. Born in Sudan, she moved to Australia when she was two years old, and trained as a mechanical engineer. She now spends her time both working as an engineering specialist on oil and gas rigs -- and heading up Youth Without Borders, the organization she founded to enable young people to work for positive change in their communities.
Named the 2015 Queensland Young Australian of the Year, Yassmin advocates for the empowerment of youth, women and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. In 2007, she was named Young Australian Muslim of the Year. She also really like motorsports.
Yassmin Abdel-Magied | Speaker | TED.com