Yuval Noah Harari: Why fascism is so tempting -- and how your data could power it
يوفال نوح هراري: لماذا الفاشية مغرية وكيف يمكن لبياناتك أن تقويها
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bio
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that humans will become digital,
أن البشر سيصبحون رقميين.
in the audience today?
to clarify what fascism actually is,
لتعريف معنى الفاشية،
have been among the most benevolent
للقومية هي أحد أفضل
of millions of strangers
the eight million people
الثمانية ملايين شخص
and cooperate effectively.
ونتعاون بشكل فعال.
imagine that without nationalism,
يتصورون أنه بدون القومية
we would have been living in tribal chaos.
في فوضى عشائرية.
and peaceful countries in the world,
ازدهارًا وسلامًا في العالم،
and Switzerland and Japan,
a very strong sense of nationalism.
a strong sense of nationalism,
فالدول التي تفتقد الحس القومي،
is it different from nationalism?
that my nation is unique,
towards my nation.
that my nation is supreme,
obligations towards it.
or anything other than my nation.
بشأن أي شخص أو أي شيء سوى أمتي.
people have many identities
loyal to my country,
أن أكون وطنيًا محبًا لبلدي،
be loyal to my family,
identities and loyalties,
العديد من الهويات والانتماءات،
and complications.
that life was easy?
to ignore the complications
عندما يتجاهل الناس التعقيد
except the national identity
ماعدا الهوية الوطنية
only towards my nation.
that I sacrifice my family,
that I kill millions of people,
that I betray truth and beauty,
a fascist evaluate art?
is a good movie or a bad movie?
إن كان فيلم ما جيدًا أو سيئًا؟
the interests of the nation,
the interests of the nation,
what to teach kids in school?
ما سيدرسه الأطفال في المدرسة؟
the interests of the nation.
and of the Holocaust remind us
الثانية والهولوكوست
of this way of thinking.
about the ills of fascism,
as a hideous monster,
what was so seductive about it.
that depict the bad guys --
التي تجسد الأشرار -
or Darth Vader --
أو (دارث فايدر) -
to their own supporters.
I never understand --
a disgusting creep like Voldemort?
رجل مقزز مثل (فولدمورت)؟
is that in real life,
Christianity knew very well,
as [opposed to] Hollywood,
as a gorgeous hunk.
to resist the temptations of Satan,
to resist the temptations of fascism.
and most important thing in the world --
that fascism is ugly.
I see something very beautiful,
أرى شيئًا رائعًا،
than you really are.
looked in the fascist mirror,
الألمان في مرآة الفاشية،
beautiful thing in the world.
in the fascist mirror,
beautiful thing in the world.
in the fascist mirror,
beautiful thing in the world.
facing a rerun of the 1930s.
إعادة لثلاثينيات القرن 20.
of the 21st century.
asset in the world.
was the struggle to control land.
was owned by a single ruler
كانت مملوكة لحاكم واحد
machines became more important than land.
صارت الماكينات أهم من الأرض.
to control the machines.
للسيطرة على الماكينات.
became concentrated
or of a small elite.
both land and machines
كلًا من الأرض والآلات
to control the flows of data.
للتحكم في تدفق البيانات.
in the hands of the government
that now faces liberal democracy
الديموقراطية الليبرالية الآن
in information technology
more efficient than democracies.
أكثر فعالية من الديموقراطيات.
defeated fascism and communism
الفاشية والاشتراكية
at processing data and making decisions.
في معالجة البيانات واتخاذ القرار.
and concentrate too much data
تركيز الكثير من البيانات
is always less efficient
ليست دائمًا أقل فعالية
and machine learning,
enormous amounts of information
كميات هائلة من المعلومات
will be more efficient
البيانات المركزية أكثر كفاءة
of authoritarian regimes
all the information in one place --
that threatens the future of democracy
يهدد مستقبل الديموقراطية
with biotechnology,
مع التكنولوجيا الحيوية.
in the creation of algorithms
my feelings, my emotions.
to provide me with good health care,
من توفير رعاية صحية جيدة لي،
to survive such a development
للنجاة من هذا التطور
on human rationality;
إلى العقلانية البشرية،
"What do you think?"
"How do you feel?"
your emotions effectively,
بعواطفكم بشكل فعال
an emotional puppet show.
the return of fascism
is: Who controls the data?
من يتحكم في البيانات؟
is at least as efficient
على الأقل بمثل كفاءة
safeguard for democracy.
who are not engineers,
ourselves to be manipulated
they have a method.
أو حساباتنا البنكية...
and hate and vanity,
democracy from within.
in order to sell us products.
are using this very method
الديمقراطية هذه الطريقة بالذات
these feelings out of nothing.
preexisting weaknesses.
the responsibility of all of us
do not become a weapon
of the fascist mirror.
fascism exploits our vanity.
as far more beautiful than we really are.
for this kind of flattery.
in front of your eyes
and makes you see yourself
and far more important
to two big dangers here.
of a seductive form of fascism,
that may not exactly be fascistic,
قد لا تكون فاشية تمامًا،
have already expressed,
but big corporations control all our data.
وليس الحكومات، في بياناتنا.
there isn't such a big difference
في النهاية لا يوجد فارق كبير
and the governments,
Who controls the data?
من يتحكم بالبيانات؟
or a government --
and it really controls the data,
is more apparent than real.
at least with corporations,
where they can be taken down.
operating in their interest,
and taking down a government
ينتفضون لإسقاط حكومة
knows you better than you know yourself --
تعرفك أكثر مما تعرف نفسك -
your own deepest emotions and desires,
بمشاعرك ورغباتك العميقة،
your authentic self.
you can rise against a corporation,
against a dictatorship.
it is extremely difficult.
that this would be the century
كنت تجادل بأن هذا القرن
of artificial intelligence
system shift, collapse
even more likely,
أصبح أكثر احتمالًا،
that it will happen faster,
people are willing to take risks
high-gain technologies.
عالية المخاطر، وعالية المكاسب.
might serve the same function
and dangerous technologies.
in the 21st century.
في القرن الحادي والعشرين.
a little crazy to run too fast,
and more crazy people
countries in the world,
higher, not lower.
you've got this unique vision.
حصلت على هذه الرؤية الفريدة.
does humanity just somehow scrape through,
that was a close thing. We did it!"
"لقد أوشكنا على ذلك. ولكننا تجاوزناه!"
to overcome all the previous crises.
لنتجاوز جميع الأزمات السابقة.
at liberal democracy
things looked in 1938 or in 1968.
في عام 1938 أو 1968.
this is just a small crisis.
وهذه الأزمة صغيرة.
underestimate human stupidity.
من شأن الغباء البشري أبدًا.
that shape history.
to have you with us.
وجودك معنا من دواعي السرور.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com