Yuval Noah Harari: Why fascism is so tempting -- and how your data could power it
Yuval Noah Harari: Por qué el fascismo es tan tentador... y cómo tus datos podrían impulsarlo
In his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake. Full bio
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that humans will become digital,
que los humanos se volverían digitales,
in the audience today?
hay hoy en la audiencia?
lo que es el fascismo
de propósito general.
con el nacionalismo.
to clarify what fascism actually is,
qué es en realidad el fascismo,
have been among the most benevolent
han estado entre las más benevolentes
of millions of strangers
de millones de extraños
the eight million people
a los ocho millones de personas
and cooperate effectively.
y cooperar de manera efectiva.
imagine that without nationalism,
imaginan que sin nacionalismos,
we would have been living in tribal chaos.
estado viviendo en el caos tribal.
and peaceful countries in the world,
más prósperos y pacíficos del mundo,
and Switzerland and Japan,
a very strong sense of nationalism.
un fuerte sentido de nacionalismo.
a strong sense of nationalism,
de un fuerte sentido de nacionalismo,
is it different from nationalism?
y cómo se diferencia del nacionalismo?
that my nation is unique,
que mi nación es única,
towards my nation.
hacia mi nación.
that my nation is supreme,
me dice que mi nación es suprema,
obligations towards it.
exclusivas para con ella.
or anything other than my nation.
ni nada que no sea mi nación.
people have many identities
las personas tienen muchas identidades
loyal to my country,
un buen patriota, leal a mi país,
be loyal to my family,
identities and loyalties,
diferentes identidades y lealtades,
and complications.
that life was easy?
to ignore the complications
ignorar las complicaciones
para ellas mismas.
except the national identity
excepto la identidad nacional
only towards my nation.
solo con mi nación.
that I sacrifice my family,
que sacrifique a mi familia,
that I kill millions of people,
que mate a millones de personas,
that I betray truth and beauty,
la verdad y la belleza,
la verdad y la belleza.
a fascist evaluate art?
¿cómo evalúa el arte un fascista?
is a good movie or a bad movie?
es una buena película o mala?
the interests of the nation,
a los intereses de la nación,
the interests of the nation,
a los intereses de la nación,
what to teach kids in school?
qué enseñar a los niños en la escuela?
the interests of the nation.
que sirva a los intereses de la nación.
and of the Holocaust remind us
y del Holocausto nos recuerdan
of this way of thinking.
de esta forma de pensar.
about the ills of fascism,
cuando hablamos de los males del fascismo,
as a hideous monster,
como un monstruo horrible,
what was so seductive about it.
lo que es tan seductor de él.
that depict the bad guys --
de Hollywood que representan a los malos
or Darth Vader --
to their own supporters.
con sus propios seguidores.
I never understand --
nunca entiendo...
a disgusting creep like Voldemort?
un repugnante asqueroso como Voldemort?
is that in real life,
es que en la vida real,
Christianity knew very well,
conocía muy bien,
as [opposed to] Hollywood,
al contrario que Hollywood,
as a gorgeous hunk.
como un personaje magnífico.
to resist the temptations of Satan,
las tentaciones de Satanás,
to resist the temptations of fascism.
resistir las tentaciones del fascismo.
se vean a sí mismas
and most important thing in the world --
y más importante del mundo,
that fascism is ugly.
que el fascismo es feo.
I see something very beautiful,
veo algo muy hermoso,
ser un fascista, ¿cierto?".
than you really are.
de lo que realmente eres.
looked in the fascist mirror,
alemanes se miraban en el espejo fascista,
beautiful thing in the world.
como la cosa más bella del mundo.
in the fascist mirror,
en el espejo fascista,
beautiful thing in the world.
más bella del mundo.
in the fascist mirror,
en el espejo fascista,
beautiful thing in the world.
más bella del mundo.
facing a rerun of the 1930s.
una repetición de la década de 1930.
podrían volver,
of the 21st century.
del siglo XXI.
asset in the world.
más importante del mundo.
was the struggle to control land.
era la lucha por controlar la tierra.
was owned by a single ruler
tierra era propiedad de un solo gobernante
machines became more important than land.
volvieron más importantes que la tierra.
to control the machines.
para controlar las máquinas.
became concentrated
se concentraron
or of a small elite.
o de una pequeña élite.
both land and machines
la tierra y las máquinas
to control the flows of data.
para controlar los flujos de datos.
in the hands of the government
concentrando en manos del gobierno
that now faces liberal democracy
ahora la democracia liberal
in information technology
en la tecnología de la información
more efficient than democracies.
más eficientes que las democracias.
defeated fascism and communism
derrotaron al fascismo y al comunismo
at processing data and making decisions.
procesar información y tomar decisiones.
and concentrate too much data
tratar de concentrar demasiados datos
is always less efficient
centralizado sea siempre menos eficiente
de información distribuido.
and machine learning,
artificial y el aprendizaje automático,
enormous amounts of information
enormes cantidades de información
en un solo lugar,
will be more efficient
datos centralizado será más eficiente
of authoritarian regimes
de los regímenes autoritarios
all the information in one place --
toda la información en un solo lugar,
that threatens the future of democracy
el futuro de la democracia
with biotechnology,
de la información con la biotecnología,
in the creation of algorithms
en la creación de algoritmos
my feelings, my emotions.
mis sentimientos, mis emociones.
to provide me with good health care,
proporcionarme buena atención médica,
to survive such a development
para sobrevivir a un desarrollo así
on human rationality;
en la racionalidad humana;
"What do you think?"
"How do you feel?"
"¿Cómo te sientes?".
your emotions effectively,
tus emociones de forma efectiva,
an emotional puppet show.
espectáculo de marionetas emocional.
the return of fascism
para evitar el regreso del fascismo
is: Who controls the data?
es: ¿Quién controla los datos?
de evitar que muchos datos
is at least as efficient
distribuido sea al menos tan eficiente
de datos centralizado.
safeguard for democracy.
para la democracia.
who are not engineers,
que no somos ingenieros,
que enfrentamos
ourselves to be manipulated
they have a method.
tienen un método.
ni nuestras cuentas bancarias,
and hate and vanity,
de miedo, odio y vanidad,
democracy from within.
la democracia desde adentro.
in order to sell us products.
para vendernos productos.
are using this very method
están usando este mismo método
these feelings out of nothing.
estos sentimientos de la nada.
preexisting weaknesses.
propias debilidades preexistentes.
the responsibility of all of us
es responsabilidad de todos nosotros
do not become a weapon
no se conviertan en un arma
de la democracia.
of the fascist mirror.
la trampa del espejo fascista.
fascism exploits our vanity.
el fascismo explota nuestra vanidad.
as far more beautiful than we really are.
de lo que realmente somos.
for this kind of flattery.
de este tipo de adulación.
in front of your eyes
frente a tus ojos
and makes you see yourself
y te hace verte a ti mismo
and far more important
y mucho más importante
to two big dangers here.
de dos grandes peligros aquí.
of a seductive form of fascism,
de una forma seductora de fascismo,
that may not exactly be fascistic,
pueden no ser exactamente fascistas,
una tercera preocupación
have already expressed,
ya han expresado,
but big corporations control all our data.
las que controlen todos nuestros datos.
deberíamos estar al respecto?
there isn't such a big difference
no hay una gran diferencia
and the governments,
Who controls the data?
¿Quién controla los datos?
or a government --
and it really controls the data,
y realmente controla los datos,
is more apparent than real.
es más aparente que real.
at least with corporations,
al menos con las corporaciones,
where they can be taken down.
mercado en que pueden ser eliminadas.
operating in their interest,
operando en su interés,
and taking down a government
se levantan y derriban un gobierno
knows you better than you know yourself --
realmente te conoce
your own deepest emotions and desires,
emociones y deseos más profundos,
your authentic self.
you can rise against a corporation,
contra una corporación,
against a dictatorship.
puedes levantarte contra una dictadura.
it is extremely difficult.
es extremadamente difícil.
that this would be the century
argumentas que este sería el siglo
se convertirán en dioses,
of artificial intelligence
de la inteligencia artificial
system shift, collapse
de sistema político, colapso,
sobre esa posibilidad?
even more likely,
aún más probable,
that it will happen faster,
people are willing to take risks
están dispuestas a asumir riesgos
high-gain technologies.
de alto riesgo y alta ganancia.
might serve the same function
podría servir para la misma función
en el siglo XX.
aceleraron enormemente
and dangerous technologies.
y peligrosas tecnologías.
in the 21st century.
a little crazy to run too fast,
para correr demasiado rápido,
and more crazy people
countries in the world,
cada vez mayores, no más bajas.
higher, not lower.
Yuval, tienes esta visión única.
you've got this unique vision.
simplemente se arrastra de alguna manera
does humanity just somehow scrape through,
that was a close thing. We did it!"
estuvo cerca. ¡Lo logramos!"... o no?
to overcome all the previous crises.
todas las crisis anteriores.
at liberal democracy
en la democracia liberal
things looked in 1938 or in 1968.
se veían las cosas en 1938 o en 1968.
this is just a small crisis.
esta es solo una pequeña crisis.
underestimate human stupidity.
la estupidez humana.
that shape history.
que dan forma a la historia.
to have you with us.
tenerte con nosotros.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Yuval Noah Harari - Historian, authorIn his book "Homo Deus," Yuval Noah Harari explores the future of humankind: the destinies we may set for ourselves and the quests we'll undertake.
Why you should listen
In his book, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, Yuval Noah Harari explores the projects, dreams and nightmares that will shape the 21st century -- from overcoming death to creating artificial life. He maps the future and asks fundamental questions: Where do we go from here? How will we protect this fragile world from our own destructive powers? The book has sold four million copies since its publication in 2016.
Harari's previous book, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, explores what made homo sapiens the most successful species on the planet. His answer: We are the only animal that can believe in things that exist purely in our imagination, such as gods, states, money, human rights, corporations and other fictions, and we have developed a unique ability to use these stories to unify and organize groups and ensure cooperation. Sapiens has sold eight million copies and been translated into more than 50 languages. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg and President Barack Obama have recommended it as a must-read.
Harari lectures as a Professor of history at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he specializes in world history, medieval history and military history. His current research focuses on macro-historical questions: What is the relationship between history and biology? What is the essential difference between Homo sapiens and other animals? Is there justice in history? Does history have a direction? Did people become happier as history unfolded? Harari has written for newspapers such as The Guardian, Financial Times, the Times, Nature magazine and the Wall Street Journal.
Harari's new book, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, will take the pulse of our current global climate, focusing on the biggest questions of the present moment: What is really happening right now? What are today’s greatest challenges and choices? What should we pay attention to? The book will be published in multiple languages in September 2018.
Yuval Noah Harari | Speaker | TED.com