Gerard Ryle: How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history
جيرارد رايل: كيف أحدث صحفيو وثائق بنما أكبر تسرب في التاريخ
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio
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to figure out the information
معرفة المعلومات
had to face late last year.
في أواخر العام الماضي.
calling himself John Doe
نفسه (جون دو)
nearly 40 years of records
40 عاماً من السجلات
Mossack Fonseca.
موساك فونسيكا.
الشركات حول العالم
in offshore tax havens
في الملاذات الضريبية الآمنة
who like to keep secrets.
في الحفاظ على أسرارهم.
every spreadsheet from this firm,
الإلكترونية من هذه الشركة،
into the tax haven system
to investigative journalism.
للصحافة الإستقصائية.
11.5 million documents,
from more than 200 different countries.
200 دولة مختلفة.
with such a vast resource?
المورد الضخم؟
into every corner of the globe,
من زوايا المعمورة،
any person in any language,
أي شخص يتحدث أية لغة،
they don't even know yet.
to two journalists
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
(دوتشيه تسايتونج)
by -- and I quote --
that the documents would reveal."
عنه الوثائق."
أن يحدث تأثيراً
of Investigative Journalists.
that was the very opposite
على النقيض تماماً
to do as journalists:
reporters are lone wolves.
هم ذئاب وحيدة.
we tell them what we have,
سنخبرهم فيها بما لدينا،
that we live in a shrinking world,
في عالم صغير.
been slow to wake up to this.
في الوصول إلى هذا.
are more and more transnational.
متعددة الجنسيات أكثر وأكثر.
on a global level.
المستوى العالمي.
crises are global.
أزمات عالمية.
and financial crises.
والأزمات المالية.
that journalism has been so late
كانت متأخرة جداً
that journalism has been so slow
كانت بطيئةً جداً
that technology brings,
توفرها التقنية،
are scared of technology is this:
التقنية هو أن:
are going through tough times
that people are consuming news.
بها الناس الأخبار.
that have sustained reporting are broken.
بإستمرار قد تصدّعت.
journalism into crisis,
to reexamine how they function.
تقييم كيفية عملها.
known as the Panama Papers
معروفاً بوثائق بنما
searchable and readable.
البريد الإلكتروني،
to be scanned and indexed,
التي بحاحة إلى فهرسة ومسح ضوئي،
and other kinds of documents.
أخرى من الوثائق.
in a safe and secure location
في مكان مضمون وآمن
to have a look at the documents.
لإلقاء نظرة على الوثائق.
than 100 media organizations
من 100 مؤسـسة إعلامية
في بريطانيا
we called it, the idea being,
محلية"، وكانت تلك هي الفكرة،
who was important to Nigeria
من كان مهماً لنيجيريا
for everyone who was invited:
شخص تمت دعوته:
that we found with everybody else,
مع أي شخص آخر،
together on the same day.
وفي نفس اليوم.
اعتماداً على الثقة
previous smaller collaborations
that jumped out from the documents.
of less than 20 people
ينتمي إليها أقل من 20 شخصاً
reporters from 25 language groups.
آخر من 25 مجموعة لغوية مختلفة.
journalism collaboration in history:
في التاريخ:
what journalists normally never do,
بما لم يقم به الصحفيون على الإطلاق،
the biggest kind of noise,
the biggest kind of silence.
over the many months it would take,
التي سيستغرقها ذلك،
designed search engine.
around the themes
الأفكار الرئيسية
or exotic art, for instance,
المؤجج للصراع أو الفن الغريب،
the offshore world was being used
نقل الأشخاص أموالهم إلى الخارج
of those commodities.
من تلك السلع.
could share information
مشاركة المعلومات
were putting their image rights
كانوا يتيحون حقوق صورهم
where they plied their trade.
and elect politicians
والسياسين المنتخبين
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
الروسي (فلاديمير بوتين)
David Cameron, who is linked
الذي ارتبط اسمه
were secret offshore entities,
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
الوزراء الأيسلندي الحالي.
we invited to join the project,
للإنضمام إلى المشروع،
over the windows of his home
during the long Icelandic winter.
أيسلندا الطويل.
to explain his many absences,
the leader of his country.
زعيم بلاده.
and you make an amazing discovery,
وتحصل على سبق اعلامي،
to a secret offshore company,
يرتبط بشركة سرية خارج البلد،
interest in Icelandic banks --
مع بنوك أيسلندية --
is to scream out very loud.
that he could speak to,
الذين يمكنه التحدث إليهم،
a kind of gallows humor.
التي تؤدي إلى حبل المشنقة.
wanted to scream,
أن يصرخوا،
those screams into stories
to court records,
لسجلات المحكمة،
to those that we intended to name.
لهؤلاء الذي كنا ننوي ذكر أسماءهم.
the reporters to look at the world
بالنظر إلى العالم
from everybody else.
شخص آخر.
happened in Brazil.
الكبرى في البرازيل.
للمسؤولين في الإتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم،
the world of professional soccer.
عالم كرة القدم المهني.
actually had unique insights
فريدة من نوعها
لم يكشف النقاب عنها.
and the ego dramas
وحالات الغطرسة
what we were trying to do.
ما كنا نحاولُ القيام به.
بتوقيت ألمانيا،
in 76 countries.
one of the biggest stories of the year.
من أكبر القصص للسنة.
the day after we published.
اليوم التالي لنشرنا.
من الإحتجاجات.
had to resign.
such as Lionel Messi,
المشهورين مثل (ليونيل ميسي)،
soccer player in the world.
unintended consequences.
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
لعصابة مخدرات مكسيكية
about their hideout.
in what we've been able to do.
كنا قادرين على عمله.
that has broken the business model
اخترقت نمودج العمل
journalism itself.
الصحافة بحد ذاتها.
of transparency and impact.
الشفافية والتأثير.
can effect change across the world
إحداث التغيير في كل العالم
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
صحافة من الطراز القديم
around what was given to us by John Doe.
حول ما أعطانا له (جون دو).
media organizations allow these days,
معظم المؤسسات الإعلامية هذه الأيام،
from just about anywhere,
من أي مكان تقريباً،
battleground to defend your work.
المفضلة للدفاع عن أعمالكم.
of a story in 76 different countries.
76 دولة مختلفة.
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
نصية من ثلاث كلمات من (يوهانسون):
has a new era for journalism.
عهداً جديداً للصحافة.
that applause to the 350 journalists
إلى 350 صحفياً
I would like to ask.
in secrecy for over a year
from all over the world --
جميع أنحاء العالم --
releasing some information
بنشر بعض المعلومات
of crises along the way,
الأزمات على طول الطريق،
was happening in the world,
شيء مهم في العالم،
wanted to publish right away.
النشر في الحال.
was a week before publication.
واجهناها قبل النشر بأسبوع.
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
المقربين من (فلاديمير بوتين)،
a press conference and denounced us,
صحفياً وندّد بنا،
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
مؤامرة من الغرب.
it was just about him.
يتعلق به هو فقط.
around the world
حول العالم
was going to get out.
وشك الخروج.
of time they'd spent,
money spent on this.
على هذا.
the last week calming everyone down,
الأخير في تهدئة الجميع،
where you're holding your troops back:
تأخير قواته:
of course, they all did.
as an open database
بيانات مفتوحة
via keyword, essentially.
about the offshore world
الحسابات في الخارج
the underlying documents
such as the name of a person,
and the name of that company,
واسم تلك الشركة،
of its kind basically is out there now
هناك الآن
الذي تقوم به.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalistAs director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.
Why you should listen
Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.
When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.
The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.
Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide."
(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)
Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com