Gerard Ryle: How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history
傑拉德 · 賴爾: 國際調查記者同盟:巴拿馬文件的英雄
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio
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to figure out the information
文件背後的資訊,
你會怎麼做?
had to face late last year.
calling himself John Doe
nearly 40 years of records
將近 40 年的文件
Mossack Fonseca.
in offshore tax havens
比如,英屬維爾京群島這種地方
who like to keep secrets.
隱藏秘密的權貴者提供了這樣的管道。
every spreadsheet from this firm,
每一張電子表格、
避稅天堂系統的資訊洩密案。
into the tax haven system
to investigative journalism.
11.5 million documents,
from more than 200 different countries.
不同國家的秘密
with such a vast resource?
並追根究底到世上的每個角落?
into every corner of the globe,
any person in any language,
來關注這件事,
they don't even know yet.
他們從未見過的。
to two journalists
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
by -- and I quote --
——我引用一下——
that the documents would reveal."
不公正的規模有多大」
of Investigative Journalists.
that was the very opposite
to do as journalists:
reporters are lone wolves.
we tell them what we have,
一旦告訴他們我們手頭的報導
that we live in a shrinking world,
一個日漸緊密的世界,
been slow to wake up to this.
才體認到這一點。
are more and more transnational.
on a global level.
crises are global.
都是全球性的挑戰。
and financial crises.
經濟危機也是如此。
that journalism has been so late
的確令人驚訝,
that journalism has been so slow
新聞業竟這麼晚
that technology brings,
are scared of technology is this:
are going through tough times
正在經歷困難時期,
that people are consuming news.
的方式已經改變,
that have sustained reporting are broken.
廣告商業模式已經瓦解。
journalism into crisis,
to reexamine how they function.
反思他們如何運作,
known as the Panama Papers
這份知名的巴拿馬文件
searchable and readable.
to be scanned and indexed,
被掃描和索引的電子文件
and other kinds of documents.
和其他類型的文件。
in a safe and secure location
to have a look at the documents.
全球的記者來看這些文件,
than 100 media organizations
的記者參與。
we called it, the idea being,
《用本地人的眼睛來辨識本地人的名字》
who was important to Nigeria
更能說明加拿大的情況呢?
for everyone who was invited:
that we found with everybody else,
我們和別人找到的任何信息,
together on the same day.
來篩選媒體夥伴,
previous smaller collaborations
之前的合作,
that jumped out from the documents.
of less than 20 people
reporters from 25 language groups.
超過 350 名的記者。
journalism collaboration in history:
最大的新聞業合作
what journalists normally never do,
他們平常不會做的事情,
the biggest kind of noise,
the biggest kind of silence.
over the many months it would take,
虛擬新聞編輯室,
designed search engine.
一個專用的搜索引擎。
around the themes
or exotic art, for instance,
或者東方古董感興趣的人,
the offshore world was being used
是如何利用境外世界
of those commodities.
could share information
were putting their image rights
讓海外公司使用,
where they plied their trade.
and elect politicians
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
David Cameron, who is linked
出現在文件中。
were secret offshore entities,
海外實體公司
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
當時冰島總理的公司。
約翰內斯 · 克里斯詹森,
we invited to join the project,
加入這項目的冰島記者,
over the windows of his home
during the long Icelandic winter.
粘貼防水膠布,防止被窺探。
to explain his many absences,
他長時間缺勤的藉口。
日復一日,月復一月
the leader of his country.
下台的資訊。
and you make an amazing discovery,
你正在進行驚人的調查,
to a secret offshore company,
和秘密海外公司有關係,
interest in Icelandic banks --
獲得了巨額的經濟利益,
is to scream out very loud.
that he could speak to,
少數幾個人之一
a kind of gallows humor.
共同的黑色幽默,
(相關語:凜冬將至)
忠實粉絲。
wanted to scream,
想要大聲吶喊時,
編輯室中這樣做,
those screams into stories
轉變成新聞報導,
to court records,
to those that we intended to name.
the reporters to look at the world
from everybody else.
happened in Brazil.
國際足球聯合會的官員,
the world of professional soccer.
比賽的組織。
actually had unique insights
都有著獨特的洞察力。
and the ego dramas
what we were trying to do.
in 76 countries.
同時發佈了新聞。
one of the biggest stories of the year.
今年最轟動的事件之一。
the day after we published.
隔天在冰島的景象,
had to resign.
such as Lionel Messi,
比如萊昂內爾·梅西,
soccer player in the world.
unintended consequences.
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
about their hideout.
in what we've been able to do.
that has broken the business model
破壞了新聞商業模式的東西
journalism itself.
of transparency and impact.
can effect change across the world
我們將如何影響並改變全世界,
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
和傳統新聞技巧的結合
around what was given to us by John Doe.
重要內容放在一起。
media organizations allow these days,
能挖得更深更久,
都起積極作用,
from just about anywhere,
任何國家的新聞,
battleground to defend your work.
of a story in 76 different countries.
新聞報導的洩漏,
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
我收到了約翰內斯的短信:
has a new era for journalism.
也已經來臨了。
傑拉德,謝謝你。
that applause to the 350 journalists
350 名記者,對吧。
I would like to ask.
in secrecy for over a year
來自世界各地的同事
from all over the world --
releasing some information
泄露了消息
of crises along the way,
都有一系列的危機,
was happening in the world,
wanted to publish right away.
都想要立刻披露新聞,
was a week before publication.
是在發佈前的一週,
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
發出了一系列的質問,
a press conference and denounced us,
新聞發佈會並譴責我們,
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
it was just about him.
around the world
was going to get out.
of time they'd spent,
money spent on this.
the last week calming everyone down,
必須讓每個人冷靜下來。
where you're holding your troops back:
當你要全力攻擊時,
of course, they all did.
as an open database
via keyword, essentially.
通過關鍵詞進行查找。
about the offshore world
the underlying documents
such as the name of a person,
and the name of that company,
和公司名字,
of its kind basically is out there now
現在都公佈在網路上。
謝謝你所有的努力。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalistAs director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.
Why you should listen
Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.
When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.
The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.
Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide."
(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)
Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com