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Gerard Ryle: How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history
Gerard Ryle: 巴拿馬文件帶嚟空前洩密
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Gerard Ryle 領導一支國際隊伍公開巴拿馬文件，當中涉及巴拿馬嘅莫薩克 · 馮賽卡律師事務所過去 40 年 1,150 萬份文件，令我哋有機會睇得到海外金融秘密世界嘅規模同規則。呢個演講講到咗事件背後新聞界史上最大嘅合作。
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalist
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
What do you do if you had
to figure out the information
to figure out the information
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如果要你喺 1,150 萬份
文件裏面搵出資料
文件裏面搵出資料
00:15
behind 11.5 million documents,
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00:17
verify it and make sense of it?
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然後核實真確同埋理解佢，你會點做？
呢個係舊年好多記者要面對嘅挑戰
00:20
That was a challenge
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00:21
that a group of journalists
had to face late last year.
had to face late last year.
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00:24
An anonymous person
calling himself John Doe
calling himself John Doe
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一個自稱 John Doe 嘅人
00:28
had somehow managed to copy
nearly 40 years of records
nearly 40 years of records
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攞到巴拿馬莫薩克．馮賽卡律師事務所
近 40 年嘅紀錄
近 40 年嘅紀錄
00:31
of the Panamanian law firm
Mossack Fonseca.
Mossack Fonseca.
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呢間事務所係世界上其中一間專門
00:35
This is one of many firms around the world
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00:38
that specialize in setting up accounts
in offshore tax havens
in offshore tax havens
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幫人喺海外避稅天堂
譬如英屬維爾京群島
00:41
like the British Virgin Islands,
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設立銀行帳戶嘅公司
00:43
for rich and powerful people
who like to keep secrets.
who like to keep secrets.
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為有好多秘密要收埋嘅達官貴人服務
John Doe 喺呢間公司複製咗
由 1977 年到今日嘅每一張表格
由 1977 年到今日嘅每一張表格
00:48
John Doe had managed to copy
every spreadsheet from this firm,
every spreadsheet from this firm,
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每一份客戶檔案、每一封電子郵件
00:51
every client file,
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00:53
every email,
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00:55
from 1977 to the present day.
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00:58
It represented the biggest cache
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呢份係目前為止有著最多
避稅天堂內幕資料嘅紀錄
避稅天堂內幕資料嘅紀錄
01:01
of inside information
into the tax haven system
into the tax haven system
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01:04
that anyone had ever seen.
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01:06
But it also presented a gigantic challenge
to investigative journalism.
to investigative journalism.
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仲為調查新聞界帶嚟巨大嘅挑戰
01:11
Think about it:
11.5 million documents,
11.5 million documents,
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諗一下：1,150 萬份文件
01:16
containing the secrets of people
from more than 200 different countries.
from more than 200 different countries.
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包含來自超過 200 個國家嘅人嘅秘密
01:20
Where do you start
with such a vast resource?
with such a vast resource?
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咁大個紀錄，你要從邊度入手？
01:22
Where do you even begin to tell a story
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你要由邊度開始報導
01:25
that can trail off
into every corner of the globe,
into every corner of the globe,
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先至可以觸及到世界每一個角落
01:28
and that can affect almost
any person in any language,
any person in any language,
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影響到幾乎所有語言嘅人？
01:31
sometimes in ways
they don't even know yet.
they don't even know yet.
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01:34
John Doe had given the information
to two journalists
to two journalists
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John Doe 將信息畀咗
01:37
at the German newspaper
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
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德國報社 Süddeutsche Zeitung
嘅兩個記者
嘅兩個記者
01:40
He said he was motivated
by -- and I quote --
by -- and I quote --
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佢話佢出於以下動機︰
01:43
"The scale of the injustice
that the documents would reveal."
that the documents would reveal."
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「文件將會揭露不公義嘅規模」
01:48
But one user alone can never make sense
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但單憑一個記者
唔足以處理咁大量嘅訊息
唔足以處理咁大量嘅訊息
01:50
of such a vast amount of information.
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01:52
So the Süddeutsche Zeitung reached out
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所以 Süddeutsche Zeitung 報社聯繫咗
我喺華盛頓嘅組織，國際調查記者聯盟
01:54
to my organization in Washington, DC,
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01:57
The International Consortium
of Investigative Journalists.
of Investigative Journalists.
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02:01
We decided to do something
that was the very opposite
that was the very opposite
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我哋決定要做一件違反記者操守嘅事︰
02:04
of everything we'd been taught
to do as journalists:
to do as journalists:
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02:07
share.
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分享呢份紀錄
02:08
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:10
By nature, investigative
reporters are lone wolves.
reporters are lone wolves.
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就本性而言，調查記者等同孤狼
02:14
We fiercely guard our secrets,
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我哋死守自己嘅秘密
02:15
at times even from our editors,
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甚至連我哋嘅編輯都唔講得
02:17
because we know that the moment
we tell them what we have,
we tell them what we have,
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因為我哋知道，只要透露少少風聲
02:20
they'll want that story right away.
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佢哋就會即刻想要嗰篇新聞
02:22
And to be frank,
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老實講，當你有一篇好新聞
02:24
when you get a good story,
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02:26
you like to keep the glory to yourself.
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你會想獨自領受呢份新聞嘅榮譽
02:29
But there's no doubt
that we live in a shrinking world,
that we live in a shrinking world,
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毫無疑問，我哋生活喺
一個萎縮緊嘅世界
一個萎縮緊嘅世界
02:32
and that the media has largely
been slow to wake up to this.
been slow to wake up to this.
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但好多媒體都冇意識到呢一點
02:35
The issues we report on
are more and more transnational.
are more and more transnational.
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新聞嘅內容越嚟越國際化
大型公司喺全世界運作
02:39
Giant corporations operate
on a global level.
on a global level.
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02:42
Environmental and health
crises are global.
crises are global.
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環境、健康問題變成全球性
02:45
So, too, are financial flows
and financial crises.
and financial crises.
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同樣，資金流動同金融危機都係咁
02:49
So it seems staggering
that journalism has been so late
that journalism has been so late
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驚人嘅係，新聞界咁遲先
以全球嘅目光報導新聞
以全球嘅目光報導新聞
02:52
to cover stories in a truly global way.
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02:55
And it also seems staggering
that journalism has been so slow
that journalism has been so slow
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同樣驚人嘅係
新聞界咁遲先意識到科技帶來嘅機遇
02:58
to wake up to the possibilities
that technology brings,
that technology brings,
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03:02
rather than being frightened of it.
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而唔係再怕科技
03:05
The reason journalists
are scared of technology is this:
are scared of technology is this:
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記者怕科技嘅原因係：
03:09
the profession's largest institutions
are going through tough times
are going through tough times
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呢個行業嘅大型機構正經歷緊艱難時期
03:13
because of the changing way
that people are consuming news.
that people are consuming news.
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讀者閱讀新聞嘅方式正係改變緊
03:16
The advertising business models
that have sustained reporting are broken.
that have sustained reporting are broken.
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以往靠廣告賺錢嘅經營模式成為絕響
03:21
And this has plunged
journalism into crisis,
journalism into crisis,
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令到新聞界陷入危機
03:24
forcing those institutions
to reexamine how they function.
to reexamine how they function.
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迫使新聞機構去審視佢哋嘅運行模式
03:30
But where there is crisis,
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但有危就有機
03:31
there is also opportunity.
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巴拿馬文件帶嚟嘅第一個挑戰
03:34
The first challenge presented
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03:35
by what would eventually become
known as the Panama Papers
known as the Panama Papers
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就係要將文件變成搜尋得到同埋讀得到
03:38
was to make the documents
searchable and readable.
searchable and readable.
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03:40
There were nearly five million emails,
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呢件事涉及大概五百萬封電子郵件
03:43
two million PDFs that needed
to be scanned and indexed,
to be scanned and indexed,
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兩百萬份需要掃描同埋編寫索引嘅 PDF
03:46
and millions more files
and other kinds of documents.
and other kinds of documents.
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幾百萬份檔案同埋其他類型嘅文件
03:50
They all needed to be housed
in a safe and secure location
in a safe and secure location
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呢啲嘢都需要存放喺
雲端一個安全嘅位置
雲端一個安全嘅位置
03:53
in the cloud.
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03:54
We next invited reporters
to have a look at the documents.
to have a look at the documents.
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跟住我哋邀請記者去睇下啲文件
03:58
In all, reporters from more
than 100 media organizations
than 100 media organizations
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嚟自超過 100 個媒體組織
76 個國家嘅記者
76 個國家嘅記者
04:02
in 76 countries --
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04:04
from the BBC in Britain
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包括英國廣播公司
法國世界報、日本朝日新聞
法國世界報、日本朝日新聞
04:06
to Le Monde newspaper in France
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04:08
to the Asahi Shimbun in Japan.
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04:12
"Native eyes on native names,"
we called it, the idea being,
we called it, the idea being,
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我哋將呢個做法叫做
「記者睇返各自國家」
「記者睇返各自國家」
04:16
who best to tell you
who was important to Nigeria
who was important to Nigeria
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邊個會比尼日利亞記者
更熟悉尼日利亞嘅重要人物？
更熟悉尼日利亞嘅重要人物？
04:19
than a Nigerian journalist?
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04:21
Who best in Canada than a Canadian?
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邊個會比加拿大人更了解加拿大？
04:24
There were only two rules
for everyone who was invited:
for everyone who was invited:
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我哋對所有加入嘅記者只有兩個規則：
04:27
we all agreed to share everything
that we found with everybody else,
that we found with everybody else,
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我哋同意同我哋之間
分享我哋搵到嘅所有信息
分享我哋搵到嘅所有信息
04:32
and we all agreed to publish
together on the same day.
together on the same day.
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我哋同意同一日公開所有資料
04:35
We chose our media partners based on trust
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我哋同其他媒體合作係建基於
之前小型合作所建立起嚟嘅信任
之前小型合作所建立起嚟嘅信任
04:37
that had been built up through
previous smaller collaborations
previous smaller collaborations
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04:41
and also from leads
that jumped out from the documents.
that jumped out from the documents.
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同埋因為文件線索而合作
04:44
Over the next few months,
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喺跟住嘅幾個月
我嗰個原本少過 20 個人
嘅小型非營利組織
嘅小型非營利組織
04:45
my small nonprofit organization
of less than 20 people
of less than 20 people
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04:48
was joined by more than 350 other
reporters from 25 language groups.
reporters from 25 language groups.
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有超過 350 名
25 種唔同語言嘅記者加入
25 種唔同語言嘅記者加入
04:54
The biggest information leak in history
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史上最大泄密促使
新聞界史上最大嘅合作
新聞界史上最大嘅合作
04:55
had now spawned the biggest
journalism collaboration in history:
journalism collaboration in history:
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05:00
376 sets of native eyes doing
what journalists normally never do,
what journalists normally never do,
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376 位唔同國家嘅記者
並肩工作，分享信息
並肩工作，分享信息
05:06
working shoulder to shoulder,
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05:07
sharing information,
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但係保密
05:09
but telling no one.
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05:12
For it became clear at this point
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我哋知道要營造最大嘅轟動
05:13
that in order to make
the biggest kind of noise,
the biggest kind of noise,
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05:16
we first needed
the biggest kind of silence.
the biggest kind of silence.
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我哋首先要絕對嘅沉寂
05:20
To manage the project
over the many months it would take,
over the many months it would take,
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為咗完成呢個可能耗時幾個月嘅任務
我哋建立咗一間虛擬
但安全嘅新聞編輯部
但安全嘅新聞編輯部
05:23
we built a secure virtual newsroom.
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05:25
We used encrypted communication systems,
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我哋使用加密嘅溝通系統
05:28
and we built a specially
designed search engine.
designed search engine.
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我哋用特別嘅搜索引擎
05:30
Inside the virtual newsroom,
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喺虛擬新聞編輯部裏面
05:32
the reporters could gather
around the themes
around the themes
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記者可以按主題閱讀文件
05:34
that were emerging from the documents.
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05:36
Those interested in blood diamonds
or exotic art, for instance,
or exotic art, for instance,
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譬如，從事血鑽
或者外地藝術品題材嘅記者
或者外地藝術品題材嘅記者
05:41
could share information about how
the offshore world was being used
the offshore world was being used
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可以分享海外世界點樣被用嚟
隱暪呢兩種商品嘅交易情況
隱暪呢兩種商品嘅交易情況
05:45
to hide the trade in both
of those commodities.
of those commodities.
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05:47
Those interested in sport
could share information
could share information
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從事體育新聞嘅記者可以分享
05:49
about how famous sports stars
were putting their image rights
were putting their image rights
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體育明星係點樣將肖像權歸入海外公司
05:53
into offshore companies,
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05:54
thereby likely avoiding taxes
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以避過喺佢哋有做開貿易嘅
國家嗰度交稅
國家嗰度交稅
05:57
in the countries
where they plied their trade.
where they plied their trade.
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06:00
But perhaps most exciting of all
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但最令人興奮嘅係
文件提到嘅各國領導人、政治家
06:01
were the number of world leaders
and elect politicians
and elect politicians
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06:05
that were emerging from the documents --
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06:08
figures like Petro Poroshenko in Ukraine,
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譬如烏克蘭嘅波羅申科
06:12
close associates
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
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俄羅斯總統普京嘅密友
06:17
and the British Prime Minister,
David Cameron, who is linked
David Cameron, who is linked
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仲有英國前首相卡梅倫
因為牽涉到佢過咗身嘅老豆
Ian Cameron
Ian Cameron
06:21
through his late father, Ian Cameron.
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06:24
Buried in the documents
were secret offshore entities,
were secret offshore entities,
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文件裏邊仲有秘密嘅海外公司
06:27
such as Wintris Inc.,
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譬如 Wintris Inc.
一間喺英屬維爾京群島嘅公司
一間喺英屬維爾京群島嘅公司
06:30
a company in the British Virgin Islands
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06:32
that had actually belonged
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
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實際上屬於現任冰島總理
06:36
I like to refer to Johannes Kristjansson,
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我想講一下 Johannes Kristjansson
佢係我哋項目邀請嘅冰島記者
06:38
the Icelandic reporter
we invited to join the project,
we invited to join the project,
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06:41
as the loneliest man in the world.
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亦係世界上最孤獨嘅男人
06:44
For nine months, he refused paid work
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九個月嚟，佢拒絕有薪工作
06:46
and lived off the earnings of his wife.
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佢用太太嘅工資生活
06:49
He pasted tarps
over the windows of his home
over the windows of his home
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佢將油布黏喺屋企嘅窗度
06:51
to prevent prying eyes
during the long Icelandic winter.
during the long Icelandic winter.
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恐防漫長冬天有人監視
06:55
And he soon ran out of excuses
to explain his many absences,
to explain his many absences,
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後來佢好快就用曬缺席嘅理由
06:59
as he worked red-eyed,
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佢工作到眼睛疲勞
07:00
night after night,
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日復一日，一個月又一個月
07:02
month after month.
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07:03
In all that time, he sat on information
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喺嗰段時間
佢埋首於嗰啲最终可以
令國家領導人下台嘅信息
令國家領導人下台嘅信息
07:06
that would eventually bring down
the leader of his country.
the leader of his country.
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07:10
Now, when you're an investigative reporter
and you make an amazing discovery,
and you make an amazing discovery,
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依家，你係調查記者，你驚奇咁發現
07:13
such as your prime minster can be linked
to a secret offshore company,
to a secret offshore company,
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你嘅首相可能同一間秘密海外公司有關
07:17
that that company has a financial
interest in Icelandic banks --
interest in Icelandic banks --
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而嗰間公司喺冰島銀行有財務權益
07:21
the very issue he's been elected on --
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首相嘅當選多得當中利益輸送
07:24
well, your instinct
is to scream out very loud.
is to scream out very loud.
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咁，你嘅直覺就係大聲咁廣而告之
07:28
Instead, as one of the few people
that he could speak to,
that he could speak to,
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作為佢可以傾訴嘅幾個人之一
07:30
Johannes and I shared
a kind of gallows humor.
a kind of gallows humor.
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我同 Johannes Kristjansson
都係黑色幽默嘅人
都係黑色幽默嘅人
「Wintris 嚟啦」，佢曾經咁講
07:34
"Wintris is coming," he used to say.
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07:36
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:37
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
07:41
We were big fans of "Game of Thrones."
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我哋係《權力的遊戲》嘅忠實粉絲
當有記者好似
Johannes Kristjansson 咁想分享材料
Johannes Kristjansson 咁想分享材料
07:44
When reporters like Johannes
wanted to scream,
wanted to scream,
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07:47
they did so inside the virtual newsroom,
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佢哋會喺虛擬新聞編輯部分享
07:50
and then they turned
those screams into stories
those screams into stories
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再會將分享嘅材料寫成故事
07:52
by going outside the documents
to court records,
to court records,
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參考文件、法庭紀錄，同埋公司登記
07:56
official company registers,
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07:58
and by eventually putting questions
to those that we intended to name.
to those that we intended to name.
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最後向我哋嘅對象提問
08:03
Panama Papers actually allowed
the reporters to look at the world
the reporters to look at the world
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其實巴拿馬文件令記者
用一個與眾不同嘅角度嚟睇世界
用一個與眾不同嘅角度嚟睇世界
08:07
through a different lens
from everybody else.
from everybody else.
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08:09
As we were researching the story,
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當我哋喺度調查緊同我哋無關嘅事件
08:11
unconnected to us,
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08:13
a major political bribery scandal
happened in Brazil.
happened in Brazil.
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例如巴西政壇重大嘅賄賂醜聞
08:17
A new leader was elected in Argentina.
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阿根廷選舉選出新任領導人
08:20
The FBI began to indict officials at FIFA,
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美國聯邦調查局起訴國際足協嘅官員
08:24
the organization that controls
the world of professional soccer.
the world of professional soccer.
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08:29
The Panama Papers
actually had unique insights
actually had unique insights
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巴拿馬文件都會
對呢啲事件有獨特嘅洞察
對呢啲事件有獨特嘅洞察
08:31
into each one of these unfolding events.
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08:33
So you can imagine the pressure
and the ego dramas
and the ego dramas
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所以你可以想像調查時候
嘅壓力同內心掙扎
嘅壓力同內心掙扎
08:37
that could have ruined
what we were trying to do.
what we were trying to do.
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其實係可以令任何一個記者
唔守約定提早公佈呢份紀錄
唔守約定提早公佈呢份紀錄
08:39
Any of one of these journalists,
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08:41
they could have broken the pact.
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08:42
But they didn't.
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但係佢哋冇
08:44
And on April 3 this year,
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喺今年嘅 4 月 3 號德國時間晚上 8 點
08:46
at exactly 8pm German time,
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08:48
we published simultaneously
in 76 countries.
in 76 countries.
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我哋同時喺 76 個國家公開呢份紀錄
08:52
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:03
The Panama Papers quickly became
one of the biggest stories of the year.
one of the biggest stories of the year.
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巴拿馬文件成為咗今年嘅一件大事
09:07
This is the scene in Iceland
the day after we published.
the day after we published.
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呢個係公開咗之後冰島嘅街頭
09:10
It was the first of many protests.
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呢個係第一場抗議
09:13
The Icelandic prime minister
had to resign.
had to resign.
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冰島總理被迫辭職
09:15
It was a first of many resignations.
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佢係第一個辭職嘅人
09:18
We spotlighted many famous people
such as Lionel Messi,
such as Lionel Messi,
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我哋將目光聚焦喺名人身上
譬如美斯
世界上最出名嘅足球運動員
世界上最出名嘅足球運動員
09:21
the most famous
soccer player in the world.
soccer player in the world.
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09:24
And there were some
unintended consequences.
unintended consequences.
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文件公開之後仲有一啲意想不到嘅後果
09:27
These alleged members
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
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喺我哋將佢哋藏身地點曝光之後
09:31
after we published details
about their hideout.
about their hideout.
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一批聲稱係墨西哥
販毒集團成員嘅人被捕
販毒集團成員嘅人被捕
09:34
They'd been using the address
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因為佢哋曾經利用文件中嘅地址
註冊海外公司
註冊海外公司
09:36
to register their offshore company.
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09:38
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:43
There's a kind of irony
in what we've been able to do.
in what we've been able to do.
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得意嘅係，我哋比以前可以做更多嘅嘢
09:45
The technology -- the Internet --
that has broken the business model
that has broken the business model
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科技同互聯網打破咗傳統商業模式
09:49
is allowing us to reinvent
journalism itself.
journalism itself.
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令我哋能夠改造新聞界本身
09:52
And this dynamic is producing
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而呢個改變令一切更加透明同有影響力
09:54
unprecedented levels
of transparency and impact.
of transparency and impact.
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09:57
We showed how a group of journalists
can effect change across the world
can effect change across the world
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我哋證明咗記者可以
將新方法同舊新聞行業嘅技巧
將新方法同舊新聞行業嘅技巧
10:01
by applying new methods
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
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應用到處理大量洩漏信息
10:05
to vast amounts of leaked information.
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從而影響全世界
10:08
We put all-important context
around what was given to us by John Doe.
around what was given to us by John Doe.
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我哋根據 John Doe 嘅文件
將重要資料擺埋一齊
將重要資料擺埋一齊
10:13
And by sharing resources,
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因為資源共享令到成本下降
10:14
we were able to dig deep --
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我哋可以比依家大部份嘅傳媒
更深入更長時間咁調查
更深入更長時間咁調查
10:16
much deeper and longer than most
media organizations allow these days,
media organizations allow these days,
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10:20
because of financial concerns.
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10:23
Now, it was a big risk,
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但係巴拿馬文件證明咗
10:25
and it wouldn't work for every story,
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你可以喺任何地方報導任何國家嘅新聞
10:27
but we showed with the Panama Papers
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雖然咁樣做有好大風險
10:29
that you can write about any country
from just about anywhere,
from just about anywhere,
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而且唔會適合每則新聞
10:32
and then choose your preferred
battleground to defend your work.
battleground to defend your work.
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但係你要搵一個地方去捍衛你嘅工作
10:36
Try obtaining a court injunction
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你要盡力攞到法院指令
10:37
that would prevent the telling
of a story in 76 different countries.
of a story in 76 different countries.
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避免一單新聞喺 76 個國家報導
同埋盡力阻止你唔想見到嘅事發生
10:42
Try stopping the inevitable.
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10:45
Shortly after we published,
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
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發佈新聞後冇幾耐
Johannes Kristjansson
發咗條短信畀我
發咗條短信畀我
10:49
"Wintris has arrived."
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「Wintris 已經到咗」
10:52
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:53
It had arrived and so, too, perhaps
has a new era for journalism.
has a new era for journalism.
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或者，新聞界嘅新時代亦都嚟咗
10:57
Thank you.
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多謝
10:58
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
11:09
Bruno Giussani: Gerard, thank you.
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主持︰多謝你，Gerard
我諗你打算將呢啲掌聲獻畀
350 位同你工作嘅記者，係嗎？
350 位同你工作嘅記者，係嗎？
11:11
I guess you're going to send
that applause to the 350 journalists
that applause to the 350 journalists
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11:14
who worked with you, right?
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11:15
Now, a couple of questions
I would like to ask.
I would like to ask.
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依家，我有幾個問題要問你
11:18
The first one is,
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第一個係
你秘密工作咗一年
11:19
you'd been working
in secrecy for over a year
in secrecy for over a year
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11:22
with 350-something colleagues
from all over the world --
from all over the world --
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同大約 350 位來自全世界嘅同仁共事
11:25
was there ever a moment when you thought
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你有冇諗過
一旦有人將新聞發佈，秘密將會洩露
11:29
that the leak may be leaked,
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11:31
that the collaboration may just be broken
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所有做嘅嘢就會白費
11:33
by somebody publishing a story?
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又或者組織之外有人
洩露咗佢哋都知道嘅消息？
洩露咗佢哋都知道嘅消息？
11:35
Or somebody not in the group
releasing some information
releasing some information
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11:38
that they got to know?
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11:40
Gerard Ryle: We had a series
of crises along the way,
of crises along the way,
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講者：一路上我哋遇到咗好多危險
11:42
including when something major
was happening in the world,
was happening in the world,
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每當世界上發生咗重大事件
11:45
the journalists from that country
wanted to publish right away.
wanted to publish right away.
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嗰個國家嘅記者就會想即刻公開紀錄
我哋必須令佢哋冷靜
11:48
We had to calm them down.
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我哋遇到嘅最大危險
發生喺新聞發佈前嘅一個禮拜
發生喺新聞發佈前嘅一個禮拜
11:49
Probably the biggest crisis we had
was a week before publication.
was a week before publication.
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11:53
We'd sent a series of questions
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
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我哋向普京嘅密友提咗一咋問題
11:57
but instead of responding,
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但克裡姆林宮冇回答到
11:58
the Kremlin actually held
a press conference and denounced us,
a press conference and denounced us,
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反而克裡姆林宮搞咗記幾招指責我哋
12:01
and denounced the whole thing
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
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話成件事係西方嘅陰謀
12:05
At that point, Putin thought
it was just about him.
it was just about him.
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嗰時，普京認為呢件事凈係同佢有關
12:08
And, of course, a lot of editors
around the world
around the world
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當然，世界各地嘅編輯
都非常緊張克裡姆林宮呢件事
都非常緊張克裡姆林宮呢件事
12:10
were very nervous about this.
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12:12
They thought the story
was going to get out.
was going to get out.
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佢哋覺得成件事就快要爆
12:14
You can imagine the amount
of time they'd spent,
of time they'd spent,
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你可以想像佢哋投入咗幾多時間
幾多資源、幾多金錢
幾多資源、幾多金錢
12:16
the amount of resources,
money spent on this.
money spent on this.
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12:18
So I had to basically spend
the last week calming everyone down,
the last week calming everyone down,
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最後個星期我基本上都喺度叫大家冷靜
12:21
a bit like a general,
where you're holding your troops back:
where you're holding your troops back:
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就好似一個將軍咁穩定軍心
「淡定，保持淡定」
12:24
"Calm, remain calm."
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12:26
And then eventually,
of course, they all did.
of course, they all did.
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最終，當然，佢哋都係淡定返
12:29
BG: And then a couple weeks ago or so,
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主持：大概喺幾個星期之前
12:31
you released a lot of the documents
as an open database
as an open database
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你發佈咗好多文件
並用佢嚟做公開數據庫
12:35
for everybody to search
via keyword, essentially.
via keyword, essentially.
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畀大家通過關鍵字嚟搜索
12:39
GR: We very much believe
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講者：我哋堅信公眾應該
對於海外世界有基本嘅知情權
對於海外世界有基本嘅知情權
12:40
that the basic information
about the offshore world
about the offshore world
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12:42
should be made public.
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12:43
Now, we didn't publish
the underlying documents
the underlying documents
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我哋冇公開同我哋一齊工作
嘅記者嘅身份檔案
嘅記者嘅身份檔案
12:46
of the journalists we're working with.
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但係，文件裏面嘅基本資料
12:48
But the basic information
such as the name of a person,
such as the name of a person,
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好似啲人嘅名、佢哋海外公司嘅名
12:51
what their offshore company was
and the name of that company,
and the name of that company,
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12:54
is now all available online.
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依家全部可以喺網上搵到
12:55
In fact, the biggest resource
of its kind basically is out there now
of its kind basically is out there now
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13:00
BG: Gerard, thank you for the work you do.
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主持：Gerard，多謝你所做嘅一切
13:02
GR: Thank you.
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講者：多謝
13:03
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalistAs director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.
Why you should listen
Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.
When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.
The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.
Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide."
(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)
Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com