ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalist
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.

Why you should listen

Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.

When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.

The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.  

Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide." 

(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)

More profile about the speaker
Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSummit

Gerard Ryle: How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history

杰拉德·赖尔: 谁公开了巴拿马文件?

Filmed:
1,077,388 views

杰拉德• 赖尔(Gerard Ryle)带领国际调查记者团队揭秘了巴拿马文件,这1150万份内部文件是巴拿马的莫萨克•冯赛卡律师行近40年的记录。调查记者团队由此出发,首次揭开了离岸金融市场的神秘面纱。听听杰拉德讲述巴拿马文件泄密事件背后的故事。
- Investigative journalist
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
What do you do if you had
to figure数字 out the information信息
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如果你需要弄清1150万份文件里的信息,
00:15
behind背后 11.5 million百万 documents文件,
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并加以核实、分析,
00:17
verify校验 it and make sense of it?
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你会怎么做?
去年年底,
00:20
That was a challenge挑战
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00:21
that a group of journalists记者
had to face面对 late晚了 last year.
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一群记者便遇到了这样的挑战。
00:24
An anonymous匿名 person
calling调用 himself他自己 John约翰 Doe母鹿
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一个自称John Doe的匿名人士
00:28
had somehow不知何故 managed管理 to copy复制
nearly几乎 40 years年份 of records记录
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不知用什么方法成功拷贝了
巴拿马律所——莫萨克·冯赛卡,近40年的资料。
00:31
of the Panamanian巴拿马人 law firm公司
MossackMossack Fonseca丰塞卡.
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00:35
This is one of many许多 firms公司 around the world世界
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和很多律所一样,
00:38
that specialize专攻 in setting设置 up accounts账户
in offshore海上 tax havens避风港
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这家律所专门帮助客户
在避税天堂秘密设立账户,
00:41
like the British英国的 Virgin处女 Islands岛屿,
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比如,英属维尔京群岛。
00:43
for rich丰富 and powerful强大 people
who like to keep secrets秘密.
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这些客户大多是些有权有势的人。
00:48
John约翰 Doe母鹿 had managed管理 to copy复制
every一切 spreadsheet电子表格 from this firm公司,
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John Doe成功拷贝了这家律所的每份电子表格、
00:51
every一切 client客户 file文件,
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每一份客户文档、
00:53
every一切 email电子邮件,
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以及每一封电子邮件,
00:55
from 1977 to the present当下 day.
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这些都是律所从1977年到今天的秘密资料。
00:58
It represented代表 the biggest最大 cache高速缓存
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这些文件
01:01
of inside information信息
into the tax haven避风港 system系统
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最大规模地披露了
01:04
that anyone任何人 had ever seen看到.
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避税天堂不为人知的内部信息,
01:06
But it also presented呈现 a gigantic巨大 challenge挑战
to investigative研究 journalism新闻学.
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调查性新闻报道也因此面临了巨大挑战。
01:11
Think about it:
11.5 million百万 documents文件,
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想一想:这1150万份文件里
01:16
containing the secrets秘密 of people
from more than 200 different不同 countries国家.
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包含了来自200多个国家的人的秘密。
01:20
Where do you start开始
with such这样 a vast广大 resource资源?
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你该如何着手研究这样庞大的资料?
01:22
Where do you even begin开始 to tell a story故事
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对于此次报道,你又该从何处说起?
01:25
that can trail落后 off
into every一切 corner of the globe地球,
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此次报道将会传播到世界上每一个角落,
01:28
and that can affect影响 almost几乎
any person in any language语言,
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影响几乎所有语种的人们,
01:31
sometimes有时 in ways方法
they don't even know yet然而.
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有时,它甚至会以人们想不到的方式改变一些事
01:34
John约翰 Doe母鹿 had given特定 the information信息
to two journalists记者
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John Doe将信息泄露给
01:37
at the German德语 newspaper报纸
ddeutscheddeutsche Zeitung.
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南德意志报的两名记者,
01:40
He said he was motivated动机
by -- and I quote引用 --
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当他谈到他的动机时,他说,
01:43
"The scale规模 of the injustice不公正
that the documents文件 would reveal揭示."
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“这些资料可以揭示出巨大的不公平。”
01:48
But one user用户 alone单独 can never make sense
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但是仅凭一己之力,
01:50
of such这样 a vast广大 amount of information信息.
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不可能分析如此庞杂的资料,
01:52
So the Süddeutscheddeutsche Zeitung reached到达 out
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于是南德意志报的记者联系到了
01:54
to my organization组织 in Washington华盛顿, DCDC,
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我们位于华盛顿的机构——
01:57
The International国际 Consortium联盟
of Investigative研究 Journalists记者.
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国际调查记者同盟。
02:01
We decided决定 to do something
that was the very opposite对面
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我们决定要做一件事
02:04
of everything we'd星期三 been taught
to do as journalists记者:
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这将有悖于我们在记者培训时所学到的:
02:07
share分享.
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分享。
02:08
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:10
By nature性质, investigative研究
reporters记者 are lone孤单 wolves.
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调查记者们都是天生的孤狼,
02:14
We fiercely激烈 guard守卫 our secrets秘密,
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我们不顾一切保护自己的秘密,
02:15
at times even from our editors编者,
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有时甚至要隐瞒我们的编辑。
02:17
because we know that the moment时刻
we tell them what we have,
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因为我们知道,一旦编辑知晓我们所得,
02:20
they'll他们会 want that story故事 right away.
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他们会立刻想要完成报道。
02:22
And to be frank坦率,
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坦白说,
02:24
when you get a good story故事,
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如果你有了一个好故事,
02:26
you like to keep the glory荣耀 to yourself你自己.
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你只想让这份光荣属于自己。
02:29
But there's no doubt怀疑
that we live生活 in a shrinking萎缩 world世界,
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毫无疑问,我们生活的世界正在不断缩小,
02:32
and that the media媒体 has largely大部分
been slow to wake唤醒 up to this.
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媒体却迟迟未能意识到这一点。
02:35
The issues问题 we report报告 on
are more and more transnational跨国.
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我们报道了越来越多的跨国事件,
02:39
Giant巨人 corporations公司 operate操作
on a global全球 level水平.
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大型公司的经营变得全球化,
02:42
Environmental环境的 and health健康
crises危机 are global全球.
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环境问题和健康危机是全球性的,
02:45
So, too, are financial金融 flows流动
and financial金融 crises危机.
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同样,资金流动和金融危机也是如此。
02:49
So it seems似乎 staggering踉跄
that journalism新闻学 has been so late晚了
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奇怪的是,新闻行业居然这么晚
02:52
to cover stories故事 in a truly global全球 way.
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才开始以真正国际化的方式报道新闻。
02:55
And it also seems似乎 staggering踉跄
that journalism新闻学 has been so slow
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同样令人震惊的是,新闻行业竟如此后知后觉,
02:58
to wake唤醒 up to the possibilities可能性
that technology技术 brings带来,
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直到如今才意识到
自己应该接受科技所带来的机会,
03:02
rather than being存在 frightened受惊 of it.
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而不该对其心存惧怕。
03:05
The reason原因 journalists记者
are scared害怕 of technology技术 is this:
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记者们害怕科技是因为:
03:09
the profession's行业的 largest最大 institutions机构
are going through通过 tough强硬 times
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大型新闻机构在经历困境,
03:13
because of the changing改变 way
that people are consuming消费 news新闻.
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这是人们在接收新闻的方式上
发生变化所造成的局面。
03:16
The advertising广告 business商业 models楷模
that have sustained持续 reporting报告 are broken破碎.
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维持新闻机构运营的广告模式受到冲击,
新闻行业因此陷入危机,
03:21
And this has plunged暴跌
journalism新闻学 into crisis危机,
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03:24
forcing迫使 those institutions机构
to reexamine复审 how they function功能.
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大型新闻机构也不得不重新思考运营方式。
03:30
But where there is crisis危机,
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不过,有危机时
03:31
there is also opportunity机会.
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必定有机会。
03:34
The first challenge挑战 presented呈现
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后来人们熟知的“巴拿马文件”事件
03:35
by what would eventually终于 become成为
known已知 as the Panama巴拿马 Papers文件
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带来的第一个挑战:
03:38
was to make the documents文件
searchable搜索 and readable可读.
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是让这些文件便于检索且易读。
03:40
There were nearly几乎 five million百万 emails电子邮件,
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需要被扫描并编入索引的
有接近500万封电子邮件,
03:43
two million百万 PDFsPDF文件 that needed需要
to be scanned扫描 and indexed索引,
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200万个PDF文档,
03:46
and millions百万 more files
and other kinds of documents文件.
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以及数百万份文件和其他类型的资料
03:50
They all needed需要 to be housed安置
in a safe安全 and secure安全 location位置
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这些资料必须存储在
03:53
in the cloud.
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云端上安全、可靠的位置。
03:54
We next下一个 invited邀请 reporters记者
to have a look at the documents文件.
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接下来,我们邀请了一些记者来研究这些文件。
03:58
In all, reporters记者 from more
than 100 media媒体 organizations组织
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总共有来自76个国家,100多家新闻机构的记者
04:02
in 76 countries国家 --
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加入了我们。
04:04
from the BBCBBC in Britain英国
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有的来自英国的BBC,
04:06
to Le Monde世界报 newspaper报纸 in France法国
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有的来自法国的世界报,
04:08
to the Asahi Shimbun新闻 in Japan日本.
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也有的来自日本的朝日新闻。
04:12
"Native本地人 eyes眼睛 on native本地人 names,"
we called it, the idea理念 being存在,
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我们把这邀请称为“本国人看本国事”。
04:16
who best最好 to tell you
who was important重要 to Nigeria尼日利亚
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意思是说,谁能比尼日利亚记者更了解
04:19
than a Nigerian尼日利亚 journalist记者?
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什么人在尼日利亚是大人物呢?
04:21
Who best最好 in Canada加拿大 than a Canadian加拿大?
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谁又会比加拿大记者更了解加拿大事呢?
04:24
There were only two rules规则
for everyone大家 who was invited邀请:
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受邀记者只需遵守两条规则:
04:27
we all agreed同意 to share分享 everything
that we found发现 with everybody每个人 else其他,
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一、我们都同意共享所有信息;
04:32
and we all agreed同意 to publish发布
together一起 on the same相同 day.
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二、我们都同意在同一天发布新闻。
04:35
We chose选择 our media媒体 partners伙伴 based基于 on trust相信
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我们选择合作对象是基于信任,
04:37
that had been built内置 up through通过
previous以前 smaller collaborations合作
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这信任是建立在以前的小型合作中,
04:41
and also from leads引线
that jumped跳下 out from the documents文件.
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也来自于我们在研究文件时的点点滴滴。
04:44
Over the next下一个 few少数 months个月,
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在之后的几个月,
04:45
my small nonprofit非营利性 organization组织
of less than 20 people
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我们这个不到20人的小团体
04:48
was joined加盟 by more than 350 other
reporters记者 from 25 language语言 groups.
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又增加了25个语种,共350名记者。
04:54
The biggest最大 information信息 leak泄漏 in history历史
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史上最大的文件泄密事件
04:55
had now spawned催生 the biggest最大
journalism新闻学 collaboration合作 in history历史:
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促成了新闻行业空前的合作:
05:00
376 sets of native本地人 eyes眼睛 doing
what journalists记者 normally一般 never do,
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376位记者做着
记者在通常情况下永远不会做的事情,
05:06
working加工 shoulder to shoulder,
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并肩工作,
05:07
sharing分享 information信息,
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共享信息,
05:09
but telling告诉 no one.
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但不对外公布。
05:12
For it became成为 clear明确 at this point
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因为那时候我们已经知道,
05:13
that in order订购 to make
the biggest最大 kind of noise噪声,
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若想发出最大的声音,
05:16
we first needed需要
the biggest最大 kind of silence安静.
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我们首先得保持完全静默。
05:20
To manage管理 the project项目
over the many许多 months个月 it would take,
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为了更好地管理这个将历时数月的项目,
05:23
we built内置 a secure安全 virtual虚拟 newsroom编辑部.
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我们建立了一个安全的虚拟新闻编辑室。
05:25
We used encrypted加密 communication通讯 systems系统,
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我们使用加密的沟通系统,
05:28
and we built内置 a specially特别
designed设计 search搜索 engine发动机.
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也开发了一个专门的搜索引擎。
05:30
Inside the virtual虚拟 newsroom编辑部,
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在虚拟新闻编辑室里,
05:32
the reporters记者 could gather收集
around the themes主题
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记者们按照文件里的主题
05:34
that were emerging新兴 from the documents文件.
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进行分组合作。
05:36
Those interested有兴趣 in blood血液 diamonds钻石
or exotic异国情调 art艺术, for instance,
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例如,对血钻和异国艺术感兴趣的记者们
05:41
could share分享 information信息 about how
the offshore海上 world世界 was being存在 used
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可以共同研究离岸市场是如何被利用
以掩盖这些商品交易的。
05:45
to hide隐藏 the trade贸易 in both
of those commodities商品.
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05:47
Those interested有兴趣 in sport运动
could share分享 information信息
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对体育感兴趣的记者可以交流
05:49
about how famous著名 sports体育 stars明星
were putting their image图片 rights权利
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超级体育明星是怎样把他们的肖像权
05:53
into offshore海上 companies公司,
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交给离岸公司,
05:54
thereby从而 likely容易 avoiding避免 taxes
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这样,他们在其他国家进行商业活动时
05:57
in the countries国家
where they plied合股 their trade贸易.
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就可以避税。
06:00
But perhaps也许 most exciting扣人心弦 of all
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最令人激动的
06:01
were the number of world世界 leaders领导者
and elect politicians政治家
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或许是文件所披露的
数位国家元首和政客,
06:05
that were emerging新兴 from the documents文件 --
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06:08
figures人物 like Petro石油 Poroshenko波罗申科 in Ukraine乌克兰,
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包括乌克兰的彼得·波罗申科,
06:12
close associates联营
of Vladimir弗拉基米尔 Putin普京 in Russia俄国
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俄罗斯总统普京的亲信,
06:17
and the British英国的 Prime主要 Minister部长,
David大卫 Cameron卡梅伦, who is linked关联
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英国首相戴维·卡梅伦
也因其去世的父亲伊恩·卡梅伦而牵涉其中。
06:21
through通过 his late晚了 father父亲, Ian伊恩 Cameron卡梅伦.
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06:24
Buried隐藏 in the documents文件
were secret秘密 offshore海上 entities实体,
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巴拿马文件中包含着许多离岸隐秘资产的信息,
06:27
such这样 as WintrisWintris Inc公司.,
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例如Wintris公司。
06:30
a company公司 in the British英国的 Virgin处女 Islands岛屿
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该公司在英属维京群岛注册,
06:32
that had actually其实 belonged属于
to the sitting坐在 Icelandic冰岛的 prime主要 minister部长.
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实际拥有者是时任冰岛总理。
06:36
I like to refer参考 to Johannes约翰内斯 Kristjansson克里斯蒂安松,
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我把冰岛记者
06:38
the Icelandic冰岛的 reporter记者
we invited邀请 to join加入 the project项目,
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约翰内斯·克里斯蒂安松称为
06:41
as the loneliest孤独 man in the world世界.
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世界上最孤独的人。
06:44
For nine months个月, he refused拒绝 paid支付 work
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有九个月的时间,他拒绝了有报酬的工作,
06:46
and lived生活 off the earnings收益 of his wife妻子.
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靠着太太的收入过活。
06:49
He pasted粘贴 tarps防水布
over the windows视窗 of his home
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在冰岛漫长的冬季,
06:51
to prevent避免 prying eyes眼睛
during the long Icelandic冰岛的 winter冬季.
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他甚至在窗户上贴了油布防止被监视。
06:55
And he soon不久 ran out of excuses借口
to explain说明 his many许多 absences缺席,
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很快,他的借口就用完了,
他无法解释自己长时间的缺席。
06:59
as he worked工作 red-eyed红眼,
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他熬红了眼睛,
07:00
night after night,
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夜复一夜,
07:02
month after month.
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月复一月地工作。
07:03
In all that time, he satSAT on information信息
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那时,他一直在整理信息,
07:06
that would eventually终于 bring带来 down
the leader领导 of his country国家.
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这些信息最终把他们国家的元首拉下马。
07:10
Now, when you're an investigative研究 reporter记者
and you make an amazing惊人 discovery发现,
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如果你是一名调查记者,并有了惊人的发现,
07:13
such这样 as your prime主要 minster大教堂 can be linked关联
to a secret秘密 offshore海上 company公司,
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比如你们的总理和一家隐秘的离岸公司有联系,
07:17
that that company公司 has a financial金融
interest利益 in Icelandic冰岛的 banks银行 --
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同时那家公司从冰岛的银行里获得了巨额财富,
07:21
the very issue问题 he's been elected当选 on --
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而这正是当初他当选的原因,
07:24
well, your instinct直觉
is to scream惊叫 out very loud.
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你的第一反应肯定是大声说出来。
07:28
Instead代替, as one of the few少数 people
that he could speak说话 to,
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相反,作为少数几个能和他交流这件事的人,
07:30
Johannes约翰内斯 and I shared共享
a kind of gallows绞架 humor幽默.
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我和约翰内斯有着共同的黑色幽默,
07:34
"WintrisWintris is coming未来," he used to say.
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他总是说 "Wintris将至"
07:36
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:37
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
07:41
We were big fans球迷 of "Game游戏 of Thrones权力."
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我们都对权力的游戏很着迷。
07:44
When reporters记者 like Johannes约翰内斯
wanted to scream惊叫,
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当其他像约翰内斯一样的记者想大声呐喊时,
07:47
they did so inside the virtual虚拟 newsroom编辑部,
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他们就在虚拟新闻编辑室里面喊,
07:50
and then they turned转身
those screams尖叫声 into stories故事
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之后再投入到报道中去。
07:52
by going outside the documents文件
to court法庭 records记录,
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他们不仅局限于文件本身,还查阅法庭记录,
07:56
official官方 company公司 registers寄存器,
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公司注册文件,
07:58
and by eventually终于 putting questions问题
to those that we intended to name名称.
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最后还向我们最终的目标人物发问。
08:03
Panama巴拿马 Papers文件 actually其实 allowed允许
the reporters记者 to look at the world世界
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巴拿马文件让记者们有机会
08:07
through通过 a different不同 lens镜片
from everybody每个人 else其他.
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通过别人的视角看待世界。
08:09
As we were researching研究 the story故事,
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正当我们在研究巴拿马文件时,
08:11
unconnected悬空 to us,
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世界上也发生了许多大新闻。
08:13
a major重大的 political政治 bribery受贿 scandal丑闻
happened发生 in Brazil巴西.
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巴西爆出了政治献金丑闻,
08:17
A new leader领导 was elected当选 in Argentina阿根廷.
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阿根廷选举出了新的领导,
08:20
The FBI联邦调查局 began开始 to indict起诉 officials官员 at FIFAFIFA,
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FBI对FIFA官员提起控告,
08:24
the organization组织 that controls控制
the world世界 of professional专业的 soccer足球.
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FIFA是国际足球联合会,控制着全球的专业球员。
08:29
The Panama巴拿马 Papers文件
actually其实 had unique独特 insights见解
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其实,我们从巴拿马文件中可以窥见
08:31
into each one of these unfolding展开 events事件.
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这些事件的一些端倪。
08:33
So you can imagine想像 the pressure压力
and the ego自我 dramas电视剧
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大家可以想象,我们当时必须
承受压力和内心的情绪波动,
08:37
that could have ruined毁了
what we were trying to do.
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否则,我们就会毁掉自己努力在做的事情。
08:39
Any of one of these journalists记者,
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任何一个记者都有机会
08:41
they could have broken破碎 the pact协议.
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打破君子协定,
08:42
But they didn't.
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但是,没有人这么做。
08:44
And on April四月 3 this year,
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今年4月3日,
08:46
at exactly究竟 8pm下午 German德语 time,
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德国时间晚上8点整,
08:48
we published发表 simultaneously同时
in 76 countries国家.
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我们同时在76个国家发布了报道。
08:52
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
09:03
The Panama巴拿马 Papers文件 quickly很快 became成为
one of the biggest最大 stories故事 of the year.
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巴拿马文件迅速成为年度最大新闻。
09:07
This is the scene现场 in Iceland冰岛
the day after we published发表.
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这是我们发布新闻后第二天,发生在冰岛的场景,
09:10
It was the first of many许多 protests抗议.
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这是众多抗议活动的开始。
09:13
The Icelandic冰岛的 prime主要 minister部长
had to resign辞职.
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冰岛总理不得不辞职,
09:15
It was a first of many许多 resignations辞职.
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接下来,各地都有领导辞职下台。
09:18
We spotlighted备受瞩目 many许多 famous著名 people
such这样 as Lionel莱昂内尔 Messi梅西,
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我们聚焦很多名人,例如
09:21
the most famous著名
soccer足球 player播放机 in the world世界.
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世界级球星利昂内尔·梅西。
09:24
And there were some
unintended意外 consequences后果.
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还发生了一些出乎我们意料的事情,
09:27
These alleged所谓的 members会员
of a Mexican墨西哥人 drug药物 cartel卡特尔 were arrested被捕
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这些据说是墨西哥贩毒集团的成员被捕了,
09:31
after we published发表 details细节
about their hideout巢穴.
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因为我们发布了他们隐匿处的详细信息。
09:34
They'd他们会 been using运用 the address地址
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他们使用这个地址
09:36
to register寄存器 their offshore海上 company公司.
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注册了离岸公司。
09:38
(Laughter笑声)
190
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2795
(笑声)
09:43
There's a kind of irony讽刺
in what we've我们已经 been able能够 to do.
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我们做的事情也有讽刺的一面,
09:45
The technology技术 -- the Internet互联网 --
that has broken破碎 the business商业 model模型
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科技,准确地说,打破新闻业商业模式的互联网
09:49
is allowing允许 us to reinvent重塑
journalism新闻学 itself本身.
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让我们彻底改造了新闻行业本身。
09:52
And this dynamic动态 is producing生产
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这种变化正在带来
09:54
unprecedented史无前例 levels水平
of transparency透明度 and impact碰撞.
195
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空前的新闻透明度与影响力。
09:57
We showed显示 how a group of journalists记者
can effect影响 change更改 across横过 the world世界
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我们的合作显示了一群记者是如何
10:01
by applying应用 new methods方法
and old-fashioned过时 journalism新闻学 techniques技术
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将新科技与传统手段相结合,
10:05
to vast广大 amounts of leaked泄露 information信息.
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研究庞大的泄密信息,并最终影响了世界。
10:08
We put all-important所有重要的 context上下文
around what was given特定 to us by John约翰 Doe母鹿.
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我们把John Doe给的文件放在大背景下考虑,
10:13
And by sharing分享 resources资源,
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通过资源共享,
10:14
we were able能够 to dig deep --
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我们可以挖掘得更深,
10:16
much deeper更深 and longer than most
media媒体 organizations组织 allow允许 these days,
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远远超出现在多数新闻媒体能做的,
10:20
because of financial金融 concerns关注.
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因为这些新闻媒体还需考虑到金融影响。
10:23
Now, it was a big risk风险,
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这是一次大冒险,
10:25
and it wouldn't不会 work for every一切 story故事,
205
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1988
不是每次报道都能这么做。
10:27
but we showed显示 with the Panama巴拿马 Papers文件
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2004
但是巴拿马文件事件展示出来的是,
10:29
that you can write about any country国家
from just about anywhere随地,
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不管在哪儿,你都能报道任何国家的新闻。
10:32
and then choose选择 your preferred首选
battleground战场 to defend保卫 your work.
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你可以选择自己感兴趣的领域,维护自己的成果。
10:36
Try obtaining获得 a court法庭 injunction禁令
209
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试着得到一个法庭禁令,
10:37
that would prevent避免 the telling告诉
of a story故事 in 76 different不同 countries国家.
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禁止你在76个国家报道这个故事。
10:42
Try stopping停止 the inevitable必然.
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试着阻止不可避免的事情。
10:45
Shortly不久 after we published发表,
I got a three-word三个词 text文本 from Johannes约翰内斯:
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发布报道后不久,我收到了
约翰内斯发来的三字短信,
10:49
"WintrisWintris has arrived到达."
213
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2218
“Wintris已至。”
10:52
(Laughter笑声)
214
640046
1398
(笑声)
10:53
It had arrived到达 and so, too, perhaps也许
has a new era时代 for journalism新闻学.
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Wintris来了,或许新闻行业的新时代也到了。
10:57
Thank you.
216
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谢谢。
10:58
(Applause掌声)
217
646853
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(鼓掌)
11:09
Bruno布鲁诺 Giussani吉萨尼: Gerard杰拉德, thank you.
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布鲁诺·朱萨尼:杰拉德,谢谢你。
11:11
I guess猜测 you're going to send发送
that applause掌声 to the 350 journalists记者
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我猜你会把这片掌声带给那350名
11:14
who worked工作 with you, right?
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与你并肩合作的记者,对吗?
11:15
Now, a couple一对 of questions问题
I would like to ask.
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现在,我有几个问题想要问你。
11:18
The first one is,
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第一个,
11:19
you'd been working加工
in secrecy保密 for over a year
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你和350多位全球各地的同行
11:22
with 350-something-something colleagues同事
from all over the world世界 --
224
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一起秘密共事了一年多,
11:25
was there ever a moment时刻 when you thought
225
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有没有某一刻,你会觉得
11:29
that the leak泄漏 may可能 be leaked泄露,
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泄密事件本身会被泄密,
11:31
that the collaboration合作 may可能 just be broken破碎
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有人会直接发布了新闻
11:33
by somebody publishing出版 a story故事?
228
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破坏你们的合作?
11:35
Or somebody not in the group
releasing释放 some information信息
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或者是其它人从某些渠道得知了一些信息,
11:38
that they got to know?
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直接发布出去?
11:40
Gerard杰拉德 Ryle赖尔: We had a series系列
of crises危机 along沿 the way,
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杰拉德·赖尔:其实,一路走来
我们碰到了数次危机,
11:42
including包含 when something major重大的
was happening事件 in the world世界,
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比如,某个国家发生了大事,
11:45
the journalists记者 from that country国家
wanted to publish发布 right away.
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那个国家的记者就会想马上发消息,
11:48
We had to calm冷静 them down.
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我们就得安抚他们。
11:49
Probably大概 the biggest最大 crisis危机 we had
was a week before publication出版物.
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最大的危机应该是约定发布前的一周,
11:53
We'd星期三 sent发送 a series系列 of questions问题
to the associates联营 of Vladimir弗拉基米尔 Putin普京,
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我们发了一些问题给普京的亲信,
11:57
but instead代替 of responding响应,
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对方不但没有回应,
11:58
the Kremlin克里姆林宫 actually其实 held保持
a press conference会议 and denounced谴责 us,
238
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克里姆林宫还特意召开新闻发布会来谴责我们,
12:01
and denounced谴责 the whole整个 thing
as being存在, I guess猜测, a plot情节 from the West西.
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他们声称,整件事都是西方的阴谋。
12:05
At that point, Putin普京 thought
it was just about him.
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那时候,普京以为这件事只针对他一个人。
12:08
And, of course课程, a lot of editors编者
around the world世界
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当然,世界各地的编辑们
12:10
were very nervous紧张 about this.
242
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也都对此非常紧张,
12:12
They thought the story故事
was going to get out.
243
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他们觉得报道会被抢先发表。
12:14
You can imagine想像 the amount
of time they'd他们会 spent花费,
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你们可以想象他们在巴拿马文件上花费了
12:16
the amount of resources资源,
money spent花费 on this.
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大量的时间、资源和金钱。
12:18
So I had to basically基本上 spend
the last week calming平静 everyone大家 down,
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所以最后一周,我基本都在安抚大家,
12:21
a bit like a general一般,
where you're holding保持 your troops军队 back:
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有点像将军安抚士兵:
“冷静,保持冷静,”
12:24
"Calm冷静, remain calm冷静."
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12:26
And then eventually终于,
of course课程, they all did.
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最后,大家都保持了冷静。
12:29
BGBG: And then a couple一对 weeks ago or so,
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布鲁诺·朱萨尼:大概几周前,你公开了许多文件,
12:31
you released发布 a lot of the documents文件
as an open打开 database数据库
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像一个开放的数据库,
12:35
for everybody每个人 to search搜索
via通过 keyword关键词, essentially实质上.
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大家都能用关键词进行查找。
12:39
GRGR: We very much believe
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杰拉德·赖尔:我们非常相信
12:40
that the basic基本 information信息
about the offshore海上 world世界
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关于离岸世界的基本信息都应该
12:42
should be made制作 public上市.
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被公诸于众。
12:43
Now, we didn't publish发布
the underlying底层 documents文件
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目前,我们没有公布
12:46
of the journalists记者 we're working加工 with.
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记者们挖掘出来的其它真相。
12:48
But the basic基本 information信息
such这样 as the name名称 of a person,
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我们公布的只是一些基本信息,例如人名,
12:51
what their offshore海上 company公司 was
and the name名称 of that company公司,
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以及这个人名下的离岸公司的性质
12:54
is now all available可得到 online线上.
260
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和公司的名字,
12:55
In fact事实, the biggest最大 resource资源
of its kind basically基本上 is out there now
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这些大型资源都已经放在网上了。
13:00
BGBG: Gerard杰拉德, thank you for the work you do.
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布鲁诺·朱萨尼:杰拉德,谢谢你们的付出。
13:02
GRGR: Thank you.
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杰拉德·赖尔:谢谢。
13:03
(Applause掌声)
264
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Annie Wu
Reviewed by JIAN CUI

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalist
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.

Why you should listen

Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.

When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.

The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.  

Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide." 

(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)

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Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com