Jonathan Tepperman: The risky politics of progress
جوناثان تيبيرمان: سياسة التطور الجريئة
Jonathan Tepperman writes on the world's most pervasive and seemingly intractable challenges. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
about our world today
of terrible decline.
given the bad news all around us,
الأخبار السيئة المحيطة بنا،
عدم المساواة.
and this may sound a little weird.
غريباً بعض الشيء.
this gloomy narrative,
I don't see the problems.
that so many people draw from them,
العديد من الناس،
optimistic by nature.
constant doom-mongering
الذي تنتهجه وسائل الإعلام
and not on answers
and actually asking folks
and political challenges.
signs of progress out there,
that our great global challenges
how three of the countries I visited --
من الدول التي زرتها --
impossible problems.
أنها مستحيلة.
tools the rest of us can use,
للبقية منّا استخدامها،
particular problems,
about my homeland, Canada, today,
مسقط رأسي كندا،
they think polite.
ويفكرون أنها محترمة.
in our funny accents.
لهجاتنا المضحكة.
many other countries apart:
the world's most welcoming nations,
العالم ترحيباً،
immigration-friendly countries.
is four times higher than France's,
منه في فرنسا،
of foreign-born residents
لأجانب
in the last year
في السنة الماضية
at a time when other countries
فيه دول أخرى
new barriers to keep foreigners out,
لمنع الأجانب من دخولها،
an explicitly racist immigration policy.
هجرية عنصرية بوضوح.
just talking about the snow.
الثلج فقط.
become today's Canada?
نعرفها اليوم؟
in Ontario will tell you,
تقطن في أونتاريو،
better than anyone else.
من أي أحد آخر.
who became Canada's leader in 1968,
كندا في العام 1968،
the father of the current prime minister.
الوزراء الحالي.
عن (ترودو) الأول
from Canada's previous leaders.
كندا السابقين.
long-dominated by its English elite.
النخبة الإنجليزية منذ أمد بعيد.
يمارس اليوغا.
he could be infuriating at times.
في بعض الأحيان.
transformations any country has ever seen.
لم تشهدها أي دولة من قبل.
involved two parts.
على قسمين:
its old race-based immigration rules,
القديمة القائمة على أساس العرق،
with new color-blind ones
experience and language skills instead.
والخبرة ومهارات اللغة.
was greatly increase the odds
كبير احتمالية
contribute to the economy.
created the world's first policy
عالمية
to promote integration
للتكامل
was the key to Canada's identity.
هوية كندا.
Ottawa kept pushing this message,
ولاية (أوتاوا) على نشر هذه الرسالة،
العاديّيون
the material benefits of multiculturalism
والمادية للتعدية الثقافية
open-minded Canada of today.
التي نشهدها اليوم.
and an even tougher problem,
أكثر صعوبة حتى،
took to the streets
إلى الشوارع
their longtime dictator, Suharto.
منذ أمد طويل.
Muslim-majority country on Earth.
مسلمة في العالم.
close to a thousand languages.
a pretty effective tyrant,
to keep religion out of politics.
الدين بعيداً عن السياسة.
him keeping a lid on things,
سيطرته على مجريات الأمور،
على السلطة
into a tropical version of Iran.
الأصل من إيران.
to happen at first.
first free elections, in 1999,
في عام 1999،
36 percent of the vote,
killed thousands.
أرواح الآلاف.
Indonesia has taken a surprising turn.
منعطفاً مفاجئاً.
more pious on a personal level --
على المستوى الشخصي --
on a recent visit
من الحجاب أكثر
have moved in the opposite direction.
a pretty decent democracy.
بالإحترام جداً.
have steadily lost support,
الدعم باستمرار،
نادر جداً الآن.
have recently joined ISIS,
إلى تنظيم (داعش)،
Muslim-majority country
مسلمة أخرى
to ask its current president,
أسئلة لرئيسها الحالي،
named Joko Widodo,
so many other Muslim states are dying?"
حين أن أغلب الدول المسلمة الأخرى تحتضر؟"
we needed to deal with inequality first."
معالجة عدم المساواة أولاً."
غيرها من الأحزاب المشابهة في أماكن أخرى،
like similar parties elsewhere,
reducing poverty and cutting corruption.
تقليل الفقر والتخلص من الفساد.
and his predecessors did too,
أقدام الإسلاميّين.
have learned a key lesson
تعلموا درساً مهماً
only creates more extremism.
with extraordinary delicacy.
if they had enough evidence.
يمتلكون الأدلة الكافية.
liberal imams into the jails
في السجون
that terror is un-Islamic.
من الإسلام في شيء.
in spectacular fashion,
that was unimaginable 20 years ago.
تخيلها قبل 20 عاماً.
my optimism should, I hope,
تفاؤلي، أتمنى،
are impossible to deal with.
يستحيل التعامل معها.
this one probably surprised me the most,
هذه إلى أبعد حد،
with so many problems.
Mexico did something
بفعل شيء
from France to India to the United States
والولايات المتحدة
that had gripped it for years.
عليها منذ سنين.
we need to rewind to the year 2000,
إلى العام 2000،
to fight for reform,
من أجل الإصلاح،
to fight one another.
بعضهم البعض.
and the country's problems --
مسدود، ومشاكل البلاد --
that Mexico risked collapse.
خطر الإنهيار.
named Enrique Peña Nieto
المسمى (إنريكو بينا نييتو)
much confidence at first.
ثقة في البداية.
corrupt old ruling party, the PRI,
الحاكم منذ فترة طويلة الحزب الثوري المؤسسي
like such a pretty boy lightweight
خفيف الوزن
soon surprised everyone
ال(بومبون) دهشت الجميع
three warring political parties.
المتحاربة.
they together passed
set of reforms.
نحو لا يصدق.
smothering monopolies.
its rusting energy sector.
its failing schools, and much more.
غيرها.
of this accomplishment,
passing immigration reform,
إصلاحات تتعلق بالهجرة،
and banking reform.
وإصلاحات بنكية.
doing it all at the same time.
بها جميعاً دفعةً واحدة.
and asked how he managed it all.
كيف استطاع إدارة كل هذا.
his famous twinkly smile --
المشهورة المتلألئة --
was "compromiso," compromise.
"compromiso" التوصل إلى تفاهم.
that came out was essentially
منه هي في جوهرها
and more compromise."
to build trust early,
الثقة مبكراً،
just days after his election.
بأيام فقط من انتخابه.
from special interests,
later told me that it was this intimacy,
أن هذه الحميمية،
had to be unanimous,
أن تكون بالإجماع،
some of the other party's priorities
الأحزاب الأخرى
an opposition senator, put it to me,
المعارض (سانتياغو كريل)،
or that anyone is special,
أحد آخر مميز،
تمت التسوية
for the first time in years.
how these three countries
التي كانت تواجهها.
and a bunch of other success stories,
وأخرى غيرها،
back together after civil war
عافيتها بعد حرب أهلية
growing faster and for longer
اقتصادها على نحو أسرع ومستدام
I need to add a caveat.
بحاجة إلى إضافة تحذير.
that all countries are unique.
فريدة من نوعها.
take what worked in one,
ما نجح مع أحدها،
and expect it to work there too.
هناك أيضاً.
as circumstances change.
these stories to their essence,
a few common tools for problem-solving
المشتركة لحل المشاكل
of existential peril.
he faced two looming dangers.
السلطة، واجه خطرين محدّقين.
underpopulated country
قليل السكان
for white workers, Europe,
as it finally recovered from World War II.
أخيراً من الحرب العالمية الثانية.
that Canada's long cold war
الباردة الطويلة
and its English communities
killing other Canadians over politics.
بسبب السياسة.
crises all the time. Right?
أليس كذلك؟
was to realize that Canada's crisis
أن أزمة كندا
that usually block reform.
طريق الإصلاح.
خيار آخر.
a once-in-a-generation opportunity
he was smart enough to seize it.
يكفي لإنتهازها.
in promiscuous thinking.
among good problem-solvers
يجيدون حل المشكلات
from wherever they find them,
يعثرون فيه عليها،
or sentimentality get in their way.
في طريقهم.
Indonesia's democrats were clever enough
الإندونيسييون أذكياء بما يكفي
best campaign promises for themselves.
into their governing coalition.
إلى ائتلافهم الحاكم.
a lot of secular Indonesians.
الإندونيسيّين.
to actually help govern,
المساعدة في الحكم،
that they weren't any good at the job,
غير جديرين بالمناصب،
in all of the grubby compromises
الوضيعة
that are part of everyday politics.
السياسة اليومية.
that they've never recovered.
ولم يتعافوا بعدها.
can grant leaders extraordinary freedoms.
القادة حريات استثنائية.
often requires more than just boldness.
ما يتطلب أكثر من مجرد الجرأة.
the last thing you want to do.
his core constituency,
some of the people all of the time.
to keep attacking the opposition,
لمواصلة مهاجمة المعارضة،
his enemies instead,
to stop thinking in tribal terms
في الشروط القبلية
not language and not skin color,
اللغة ولون البشرة،
quintessentially Canadian.
that the bargains held.
لعقد الصفقات.
like you keep insisting,
ظللت تلح،
already using them?"
إلى استخدامها؟
special powers to pull off.
we've just looked at were superheroes.
على قصصهم أشخاصاً خارقين،
anything on their own,
first democratic president,
على نحو كبير للغاية
is that the real obstacle is not ability,
ليست القدرة،
involves taking big risks,
بمخاطر كبيرة،
from our political leaders.
بالشجاعة.
in office in the first place.
الحكم من الأساس.
there's really no other option.
من حل آخر حقاً.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jonathan Tepperman - Global affairs thinkerJonathan Tepperman writes on the world's most pervasive and seemingly intractable challenges.
Why you should listen
Jonathan Tepperman is the managing editor of Foreign Affairs, the bimonthly journal published by the Council on Foreign Relations.
Tepperman started his career in international affairs as a speechwriter at the UN in Geneva, and he has written for publications including the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Wall Street Journal, The Atlantic and Newsweek. He has interviewed numerous world leaders including Syria's Bashar al-Assad, Japan’s Shinzo Abe, Brazil's Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, Mexico's Enrique Peña Nieto, Indonesia's Joko Widodo and Rwanda’s Paul Kagame.
Tepperman's new book The Fix: How Nations Survive and Thrive in a World in Decline explores ten of the world's more pervasive and seemingly intractable challenges (such as economic stagnation, political gridlock, corruption and terrorism) and shows that, contrary to general consensus, each has a solution, one that has already been implemented somewhere in the world.
Jonathan Tepperman | Speaker | TED.com