TEDIndia 2009
Kartick Satyanarayan: How we rescued the "dancing bears"
Картик Сатянараян: Как спасихме "танцуващите" мечки
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По традиция каландарите в Индия се препитавали от улов на малките на бърнестата мечка, които с изключителна жестокост дресирали да "танцуват". Картик Сатянараян сложи край на тази вековна практика и показа как създалите проблема стават част от решението му.
Kartick Satyanarayan - Wildlife conservationist
Kartick Satyanarayan works tirelessly to save India’s wild animals from illegal captivity and poaching -- most notably rescuing hundreds of “dancing” bears. Full bio
Kartick Satyanarayan works tirelessly to save India’s wild animals from illegal captivity and poaching -- most notably rescuing hundreds of “dancing” bears. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Hi. For those of you who haven't seen dancing bears,
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Здравейте. За тези, които не са виждали танцуващи мечки -
00:20
these are the dancing bears.
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това са те.
00:22
In 1995, we started working on a two-year investigative research project
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През 1995 г. започнахме работа по двегодишен изследователски проект,
00:25
to try and find out what was going on.
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за да разберем какво става,
00:28
Because the sloth bears in the wild were obviously getting depleted
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защото бърнестите мечки
00:30
because of this.
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очевидно намаляват.
00:32
This is the Qalandar community. They are a marginalized Islamic community
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Това са каландарите - ислямско малцинство,
00:36
who live across India,
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населяващо Индия
00:38
and have been in India since the 13th century.
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още от 13 век.
00:43
We went about getting evidence of what was going on.
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Започнахме с проучване на ситуацията.
00:46
And this is footage from a hidden camera in a button.
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Това е филм от скрита камера, поставена в копче.
00:48
And we went in, pretending to be buyers.
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Престорихме се на купувачи
00:50
And we found this right in this very state, in Karnataka.
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и видяхме ето това в Карнатака.
00:53
And the bear cubs were being harvested from across the country
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Докарват малки мечета от страната,
00:56
and being sold and traded.
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за да ги продадат.
00:58
These were being sold for about 2,000 dollars each,
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Цената им е около 2 000 долара за брой
01:00
and they are used for bear paw soup,
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и от тях се приготвя супа от меча лапа
01:02
and also being trained, later on,
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или се дресират,
01:04
to become dancing bears like the one you just saw.
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за да станат танцуващи мечки като тази, която току-що видяхте.
01:08
Sadly, the family of Qalandars depended on this bear.
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За жалост, това семейство каландари разчита на тази мечка.
01:12
The couple are barely 18 years old.
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Едва 18-годишни са,
01:15
They already have four children beside them. You can see them.
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а вече имат четири деца. Ето ги.
01:18
And the economy of the family and their livelihood depended on those animals.
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Препитанието им зависи от тези животни.
01:21
So, we had to deal with it in a very practical and sustainable manner.
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Затова трябваше да постигнем практично и трайно решение.
01:24
Now, when we started working deeper and digging deeper,
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Когато вникнахме в нещата,
01:27
we found that it's an illegal act.
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се видя, че тази дейност е незаконна.
01:29
These guys could go to jail for up to seven years
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Тия хора биха получили по 7 години затвор,
01:32
if they were caught by authorities.
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ако бъдат заловени от властите.
01:34
And what they were doing to the bears was really appalling.
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А това, което правят, е наистина ужасно.
01:36
It was unacceptable.
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Неприемливо е.
01:39
The mother bears are usually killed.
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Мечката - майка обикновено се убива.
01:41
The cubs, which are taken, are separated.
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Мечетата, които се взимат, се разделят
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Their teeth are basically bashed out with a metal rod.
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Зъбите им се изкъртват с метален лост.
01:47
And they use a red hot iron needle to make a hole through the muzzle.
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С нажежено желязо се пробива зурлата на животното.
01:51
Now we had to start changing these people and converting them from using that
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Трябваше да се заемем с промяната на тези хора,
01:55
for a livelihood, to getting something else.
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за да се насочат към нещо друго за прехраната си.
01:57
So, this is Bitu Qalandar, who was our first experiment.
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Това е Биту - първият ни експеримент.
02:00
And we were so unsure that this would work.
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Въобще не бяхме сигурни, че ще сработи.
02:02
We weren't sure at all. And we managed to convince him.
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Но успяхме да го убедим.
02:05
And we said, "Okay, here is some seed fund.
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Казахме му: "Ето ти малко зърно.
02:07
Let's see if you can get something else." And we got the bear surrendered
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Я да видим можеш ли да се захванеш с нещо друго." Взехме мечката
02:09
to -- we set up a sanctuary. We have four sanctuaries in India.
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и я поставихме в резерват. Имаме четири такива в Индия.
02:12
And now he sells cool drinks, he's by the highway.
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А сега Биту продава разхладителни напитки по магистралата.
02:15
He has a telephone booth.
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Има сергия за телефони.
02:18
And then it started, there was no turning back after that.
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Така се започна и нямаше връщане назад.
02:20
This is Sadua who came and surrendered his bear.
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Това е Садуа. Той дойде и предаде мечката си.
02:22
And now he runs a cattle fodder store and a grain store
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Сега върти склад за фураж и зърно
02:26
near Agra.
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край Агра.
02:28
Then there was no looking back at all for us.
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Повече не гледахме назад.
02:30
We gave cycle rickshaws.
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Давахме велосипедни рикши.
02:32
We set up carpet-weaving units,
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Създадохме килимарски цехове,
02:34
vocational training for the women.
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професионално обучение за жените,
02:36
The women were just not allowed to come out of the community
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понеже не могат да напускат средата си,
02:38
and work with mainstream society. So, we were able to address that.
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за да работят. Справихме се умело с това.
02:41
Education. The kids never went to school.
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Образование. Децата не ходеха на училище.
02:44
They only had Islamic education, very little of it.
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Получаваха само малко ислямско обучение.
02:46
And they were never allowed to go to school
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Не ги пускаха на училище,
02:48
because they were an extra earning hand at home. So we managed to get education.
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за да работят вкъщи. Дадохме им възможност да се учат.
02:51
So, we sponsor 600 children education programs today.
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Сега спонсорираме програма за обучение на 600 деца.
02:55
We were able to ensure brighter futures for these people.
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Създадохме по-сигурно бъдеще за тези хора.
02:57
Of course we also had to get the bears in.
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Разбира се, трябваше да се погрижим и за мечките.
03:00
This is what happens to the bears when they come in.
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Ето какво става с тях, когато пристигнат.
03:02
And this is what we turn them into.
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А ето какво постигаме после.
03:04
We have a veterinary facility in our rescue centers.
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В центровете ни има ветеринарни лечебници.
03:07
So, basically in 2002 there were
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През 2002-ра
03:09
1,200 dancing bears.
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тацуващите мечки бяха 12 000.
03:11
We rescued over 550 dancing bears.
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Спасихме повече от 550.
03:14
We've been able to ensure better futures for the people and the bears.
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Създадохме по-добро бъдеще за хората и мечките.
03:17
The big news that I want to announce today
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Голямата новина е,
03:19
is that next month we will be bringing in
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че следващия месец
03:22
the very last bear of India,
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ще приберем и последната мечка
03:25
into our rescue center.
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в наш спасителен център.
03:27
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
03:31
And India will no longer have to witness this cruel barbaric practice
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Индия повече няма да види това варварство,
03:35
which has been here for centuries.
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съществувало тук от векове.
03:37
And the people can hold their heads up high.
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Хората могат да вдигнат глави.
03:39
And the Qalandar people will rise above all this cruel barbaric past
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Каландарите ще надмогнат
03:42
that they've lived all their lives.
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мъчителното си минало.
03:44
And the beautiful bears can of course live in the wild again.
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Красивите мечки пак ще са свободни
03:47
And there will be no more removing of these bears.
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и няма повече да бъдат разкарвани.
03:50
And the children, both humans and bear cubs
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А децата - и на хората, и на мечките,
03:53
can live peacefully. Thank you.
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ще живеят спокойно.Благодаря.
03:55
(Applause)
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(Аплодисменти)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kartick Satyanarayan - Wildlife conservationistKartick Satyanarayan works tirelessly to save India’s wild animals from illegal captivity and poaching -- most notably rescuing hundreds of “dancing” bears.
Why you should listen
Known by many in India as the “Bear Man,” Kartick Satyanaran is the co-founder of Wildlife SOS -- a non-profit wildlife conservation organization famous for its campaign to rescue every “dancing” bear in the country. For many years, “dancing” sloth bears were the only livelihood of the Kalandar community, but the practice involves extreme cruelty by modern standards, endangers the bear population and is illegal today. He began the organization with his aunt and fellow animal rights champion Geeta Seshamani in 1995, and since then they have rescued over 550 bears.
Satyanaran began rescuing animals as a child, with a particular tendency to rescue snakes. Although he majored in business management in college, he returned to his early love of animal as a field assistant tracking tigers for the Wildlife Conservation Society. Now, through Wildlife SOS, he runs rescue and rehabilitation centers for India’s sloth bears, elephants, leopards and more, as well as several conservation and forest watch projects.
Kartick Satyanarayan | Speaker | TED.com