TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
Geoff Mulgan: Una breu introducció al Studio School
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Alguns nens aprenen escoltant; altres aprenen fent. Geoff Mulgan presenta una breu introducció al Studio School, un nou tipus d'escola en el Regne Unit on uns petits de nens aprenen treballant en projectes que son, com deia Mulgan, 'de debò'.
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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Avui vull parlar sobre una idea.
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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És una idea sobre un nou tipus d'escola,
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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que fa canviar radicalment
el pensament convencional
el pensament convencional
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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sobre perquè serveixen
les escoles i com funcionen.
les escoles i com funcionen.
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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I podria arribar ben aviat
a un barri a prop teu.
a un barri a prop teu.
00:28
Where it comes from
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Prové d'una organització anomenada
la Young Foundation
la Young Foundation
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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00:32
which, over many decades,
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que, durant diverses dècades,
ha generat diverses innovacions
en educació, com la Open University
en educació, com la Open University
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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i coses com les Extended Schools,
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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escoles per a innovadors socials,
universitats d'estiu
universitats d'estiu
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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i la School of Everything.
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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I fa uns cinc anys ens vam preguntar
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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quina era la innovació que feia més falta
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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en el sistema educatiu aquí al Regne Unit.
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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I vam pensar que
la prioritat més important
la prioritat més important
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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era ajuntar dos problemes.
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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Un era el gran nombre de joves avorrits
00:57
who just didn't like school,
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als que no els agradava l'escola,
i no podien veure cap relació
entre el que aprenien a l'escola
entre el que aprenien a l'escola
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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01:01
and future jobs.
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i les seves feines futures.
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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I les empreses que se seguien queixant
que els nens que sortien de l'escola
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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no estaven prou preparats per a treballar:
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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no tenien l'actitud o l'experiència.
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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Així que provem de preguntar-nos:
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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Com seria una escola on els joves
es barallarien per entrar
es barallarien per entrar
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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i no per a marxar-ne?
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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I després de centenars de converses
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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amb joves i professors i pares
01:21
and employers and schools
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i empreses i escoles
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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des de Paraguai fins a Australia,
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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i mirant algunes recerques acadèmiques,
01:27
which showed the importance
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que mostraven la importància
del que ara s'anomenen
habilitats no-cognitives
habilitats no-cognitives
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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(les habilitats
de motivació, resistència...)
de motivació, resistència...)
01:31
the skills of motivation, resilience --
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i que aquestes són tan importants
01:34
and that these are as important
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com les habilitats cognitives
(habilitats acadèmiques formals)
(habilitats acadèmiques formals)
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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01:38
we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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vam arribar a una resposta,
una de molt simple,
una de molt simple,
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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que vam anomenar "Studio School".
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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I n'hi vam dir Studio School
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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per a tornar a la idea original
d'un estudi del Renaixement
d'un estudi del Renaixement
on la feina i l'aprenentatge
estaven integrats.
estaven integrats.
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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01:51
You work by learning,
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Treballes aprenent,
i aprens treballant.
01:53
and you learn by working.
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I el disseny al que vam arribar
tenia les següents característiques.
tenia les següents característiques.
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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Primer, volíem escoles petites
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils --
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(d'uns 300-400 alumnes),
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds,
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dels 14 als 19 anys,
i molt important, amb el 80 per cent
del pla d'estudis desenvolupat
del pla d'estudis desenvolupat
02:04
and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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02:07
not through sitting in classrooms,
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no en la cadira de classe,
sinó mitjançant projectes pràctics
basats en la vida real,
basats en la vida real,
02:09
but through real-life, practical projects,
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02:11
working on commission
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treballant a comissió
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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en empreses, ONGs i altres.
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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Cada alumne tindria
un tutor particular, a més de professors,
un tutor particular, a més de professors,
02:18
who would have timetables
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que tindrien horaris
molt més semblant
a l'ambient en una empresa.
a l'ambient en una empresa.
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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I tot això dins del sistema públic,
02:24
funded by public money,
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amb fons públics,
02:26
but independently run.
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però gestionat independentment.
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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I tot sense cost, sense selecció,
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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i oferint als alumnes
un camí cap a la universitat,
un camí cap a la universitat,
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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encara que molts d'ells
vulguin ser emprenedors
vulguin ser emprenedors
02:37
and have manual jobs as well.
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o tenir oficis.
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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Per sota hi havia idees molt simples:
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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que un gran nombre d'adolescents
aprenen millor fent coses,
aprenen millor fent coses,
02:45
they learn best in teams
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aprenen millor en equips,
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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i que aprenen millor
fent les coses de debò,
fent les coses de debò,
02:50
all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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al contrari del que la majoria d'escoles
02:52
actually does.
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estan fent en realitat.
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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Això era una bona idea,
02:56
so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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i vam entrar ràpidament
en la fase de prototipatge.
en la fase de prototipatge.
02:59
We tried it out,
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Ho vam provar,
03:01
first in Luton --
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primer a Luton...
famós pel seu aeroport
i no gaire cosa més, em temo...
i no gaire cosa més, em temo...
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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i a Blackpool...
famós per les seves platges i oci.
famós per les seves platges i oci.
I vam trobar-nos que
03:08
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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- i vam equivocar-nos en bastantes coses
03:10
and then improved them --
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i després les vam millorar -
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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però vam adonar-nos que
als joves els encantava.
als joves els encantava.
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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Ho van trobar molt més motivador,
molt més emocionant
molt més emocionant
03:17
than traditional education.
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que l'educació tradicional.
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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I potser el més important de tot,
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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dos anys després quan van sortir
els resultats dels examens,
els resultats dels examens,
els alumnes que havien estat
en aquestes proves
en aquestes proves
03:24
the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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03:26
who were in the lowest performing groups
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que estaven en els grups
amb els pitjors resultats
amb els pitjors resultats
03:28
had jumped right to the top --
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havien saltat a les primeres posicions --
03:30
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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de fet, a la part alta
del decil més alt de rendiment
del decil més alt de rendiment
dins dels patrons del GCSE
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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03:35
which is the British marking system.
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que és el sistema de barem britànic.
03:38
Now not surprisingly,
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Així doncs no va ser una sorpresa
que això va fer pensar a algunes persones
03:40
that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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que haviem fet alguna cosa interessant.
03:43
The minister of education
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El Ministre d'educació
03:45
down south in London
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al sud, a Londres
03:47
described himself as a "big fan."
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es va descriure com un "gran fan".
I les empreses van pensar que
haviem arribat a alguna cosa interessant
haviem arribat a alguna cosa interessant
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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03:52
in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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en quant a preparar molt millor als nens
03:54
for real-life work today.
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per al treball real d'avui.
03:56
And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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I el cap de la Cambra de Comerç
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is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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és ara el President
del Consell de Studio Schools Trust
del Consell de Studio Schools Trust
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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i ho està ajudant,
no només amb empreses grans,
no només amb empreses grans,
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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sinó amb empreses petites per tot el país.
04:07
We started with two schools.
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Vam començar amb dues escoles.
04:09
That's grown this year to about 10.
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Ha crescut aquest any a unes 10.
04:11
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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I l'any que ve, esperem tenir-ne unes 35
04:14
open across England,
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obertes al llarg d'Anglaterra,
04:16
and another 40 areas
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i altres 40 àrees
04:18
want to have their own schools opening --
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volen obrir les seves pròpies escoles --
04:20
a pretty rapid spread
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una expansió prou ràpida
04:22
of this idea.
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d'aquesta idea.
04:24
Interestingly,
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És interessant que,
això hagi passat gairebé totalment
sense cobertura mediàtica.
sense cobertura mediàtica.
04:26
it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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04:29
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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Ha passat gairebé totalment
sense un gran suport financer.
sense un gran suport financer.
04:33
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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S'ha expandit gairebé
pel boca orella, viralment,
pel boca orella, viralment,
04:37
across teachers, parents,
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entre professors, pares,
04:39
people involved in education.
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persones involucrades en l'educació.
04:41
And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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I s'ha expandit pel poder d'una idea...
04:43
so the very, very simple idea
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una idea molt, molt simple
04:45
about turning education on its head
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que era posar l'educació cap per avall
04:47
and putting the things which were marginal,
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i posar les coses que eren marginals
04:50
things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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coses com treballar en equips,
fent projectes pràctics,
fent projectes pràctics,
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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i posant-ho tot al bell mig de l'educació,
04:56
rather than on the edges.
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més que a l'exterior.
04:59
Now there's a whole set of new schools
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Ara hi ha un nou grup d'escoles
05:01
opening up this autumn.
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que obren aquesta tardor.
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire
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Això és una de Yorkshire
on, de fet, el meu nebot,
espero, pugui anar-hi.
espero, pugui anar-hi.
05:05
where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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05:08
And this one is focused
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I aquesta està focalitzada
05:10
on creative and media industries.
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en indústries creatives i de mitjans.
05:12
Other ones have a focus on health care,
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Altres s'han centrat en temes de salut,
05:14
tourism, engineering
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turisme, enginyeria
05:16
and other fields.
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i altres camps.
05:18
We think we're onto something.
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Creiem que estem sobre alguna cosa.
05:20
It's not perfect yet,
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Encara no és perfecta,
però creiem que és una idea
05:22
but we think this is one idea
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que pot transformar les vides
05:24
which can transform the lives
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de mil.lers,
possiblement milions, de joves
possiblement milions, de joves
05:26
of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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05:28
who are really bored by schooling.
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que estan ben avorrits
pel sistema d'escolarització.
pel sistema d'escolarització.
05:30
It doesn't animate them.
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No els anima.
Ells no són com aquells de vosaltres
que podeu asseure-us en files
que podeu asseure-us en files
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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i escoltar com us expliquen coses
una hora rere una altra.
una hora rere una altra.
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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Volen fer coses,
volen embrutar-se les mans,
volen embrutar-se les mans,
05:41
they want education to be for real.
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volen que l'educació sigui real.
05:44
And my hope is that some of you out there
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I la meva esperança es que alguns de vosaltres aquí
05:46
may be able to help us.
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pugueu ajudar-nos.
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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Sentim que som al principi d'un viatge
05:51
of experiment and improvement
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d'experimentació i millora
05:53
to turn the Studio School idea
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per a transformar la idea de Studio School
05:55
into something which is present,
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en quelcom que sigui present,
no com una resposta universal
per a tots els nens,
per a tots els nens,
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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06:00
but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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sinó almenys una resposta
per a alguns nens de tot el món.
per a alguns nens de tot el món.
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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I espero que alguns de vosaltres
pugueu ajudar-nos a fer-ho realitat.
pugueu ajudar-nos a fer-ho realitat.
06:06
Thank you very much.
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Moltes gràcies.
06:08
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com