TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
Geoff Mulgan：對學徒學校的簡短介紹
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有些孩子透過聽講來學習，有些透過實作。Geoff Mulgan像我們簡單的介紹了什麼是學徒學校，位於英國的一種新型態學校，於其中，孩子們分作小團體研習於某些項目，這些項目就如同Mulgan所言，是來真的。
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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我今天要講的是一個概念
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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新型態的學校
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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這樣的學校扭轉了我們關於
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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學校的樣貌及學校如何運作的傳統想法
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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它說不定即將在你的社區中出現
00:28
Where it comes from
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這個想法是從
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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一個叫做青年基金會的組織而來
00:32
which, over many decades,
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這個組織，在過去的數十年
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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想出很多教育上的革新點子，例如開放式大學計畫
00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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以及延長學校
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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社會創業學校，夏季學院
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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開放式學習／教學系統
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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大約五年前，我們問了
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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對於英國教育來說
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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最迫切的革新是什麼
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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我們發現
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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亟待解決的問題有兩者
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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一，是廣大的慘綠少年
00:57
who just didn't like school,
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他們對上學提不起勁
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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且對於在學校裡頭所學之事物和未來工作之間
01:01
and future jobs.
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看不見關聯性
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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二，是那些不斷抱怨畢業生
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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尚未真正做好就業準備
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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且不具備工作應有之態度和經驗的雇主們
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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於是我們捫心自問
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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什麼樣的學校能吸引青少年競相申請
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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而不是費盡力氣避開？
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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在數百場與青少年，教師們
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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家長們，與雇主們
01:21
and employers and schools
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和學校單位的討論之後
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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從巴拉圭到澳洲
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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參考許多討論到這些議題的學術文獻
01:27
which showed the importance
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裡頭提到了非認知技能的重要
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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所謂非認知技能
01:31
the skills of motivation, resilience --
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是指動機，面對挫折的忍受力
01:34
and that these are as important
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和其他與認知技能
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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例如學業表現，同等重要的能力
01:38
we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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我們想到面對上述問題的解答，一個非常容易的答案
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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我們稱之為學徒學校
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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它之所以被稱作學徒學校
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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主要是借用文藝復興時期
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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學習和工作融合的概念
01:51
You work by learning,
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透過工作而學習
01:53
and you learn by working.
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而且為了學習而工作
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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學徒學校有以下幾個特徵：
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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首先，我們需要的是小型的學校
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils --
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大約三百到四百名學生即可
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds,
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這些學生約莫在十四到十九歲之間
02:04
and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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最重要的是，百分之八十的課程學習
02:07
not through sitting in classrooms,
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並不是單單坐在教室裡頭
02:09
but through real-life, practical projects,
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而是透過現實生活，實習
02:11
working on commission
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實際的銷售給
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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企業，非政府組織與其他組織
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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每個孩子都會有個督導者，也就是老師
02:18
who would have timetables
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他們手上有著時程表
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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符合實際的工作環境
02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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並且，這個學校屬於公共的系統
02:24
funded by public money,
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資金來自於公基金
02:26
but independently run.
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但獨立運作
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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並且不另外收費用，不甄選
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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孩子們可以直接以此申請大學
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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即使是那些想要成為
02:37
and have manual jobs as well.
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技職創業者的亦可申請
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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在這個體系當中有幾個簡單的概念
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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極大多數的青少年的學習效率在實作
02:45
they learn best in teams
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與團體中最高
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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於是，他們透過實習－－
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all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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與主流教學方式大相逕庭的學習法－－
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actually does.
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的學習效果最好
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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這是個很棒的點子
02:56
so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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所以我們進入了試辦階段
02:59
We tried it out,
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我們嘗試
03:01
first in Luton --
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先在盧頓試辦－－
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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這個當地以機場而聞名的地方，恐怕也只是因為那裡有個機場－－
03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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和在黑池試辦－－那裡因為海灘和悠閒而聞名
03:08
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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我們發現，並且找出了我們原先計畫所不足之處
03:10
and then improved them --
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並補強修正
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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但年輕人很喜歡這種方式
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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他們認為此種方式更能鼓勵他們
03:17
than traditional education.
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而且比傳統教育方法更令人興奮
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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最重要的是
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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在兩年之後的考試放榜
03:24
the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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這些接受試教的孩子們
03:26
who were in the lowest performing groups
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雖然一度在群組裡被分為低成就表現，
03:28
had jumped right to the top --
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他們在最後表現的最好。
03:30
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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事實上，有許多原本表現很好的孩子們，
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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在大學入學考試當中銷聲匿跡，
03:35
which is the British marking system.
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這就是大學考試的評分機制。
03:38
Now not surprisingly,
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現在，毫不令人驚訝的，
03:40
that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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這個過程影響了許多人，認為我們能夠做一番事業，
03:43
The minister of education
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管轄倫敦南部的
03:45
down south in London
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教育局長
03:47
described himself as a "big fan."
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就形容他自己是我們的大粉絲，
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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有些企業組織也認為我們能夠
03:52
in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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幫助孩子們更好的準備其將來就業
03:54
for real-life work today.
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面對現今的工作挑戰
03:56
And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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商業總會會長
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is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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現在是我們的學徒學校基金會的主席
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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他幫助我們，不只是和大企業合作
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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也和國內的中小企業合作
04:07
We started with two schools.
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我們已經設了兩所學校
04:09
That's grown this year to about 10.
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並打算在今年拓展到十所
04:11
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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明年我們期待能在整個英格蘭地區辦學
04:14
open across England,
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將數量提升到三十五所
04:16
and another 40 areas
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因為還有四十個地方
04:18
want to have their own schools opening --
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由於這個概念的迅速傳播
04:20
a pretty rapid spread
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而也想要擁有同樣的學校
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of this idea.
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而也想要擁有同樣的學校
04:24
Interestingly,
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有趣的是
04:26
it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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沒有媒體的報導，這個概念就自然而然的散播開來
04:29
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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也沒有大量的金錢支持
04:33
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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這個概念就像流感一樣在一個月以內散佈在
04:37
across teachers, parents,
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老師，家長
04:39
people involved in education.
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和教育有關的人們之間
04:41
And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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因為這個關於改變舊有教育方式的簡潔概念
04:43
so the very, very simple idea
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力量是如此之大
04:45
about turning education on its head
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所以它才會以這種方式傳播
04:47
and putting the things which were marginal,
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這個概念同時也將原本不受重視的事物
04:50
things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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例如說團隊合作，實作
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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不再邊緣化之
04:56
rather than on the edges.
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而是放到了學習的核心
04:59
Now there's a whole set of new schools
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現在將會有一整套的新學校們
05:01
opening up this autumn.
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將在這個秋天開幕
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire
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有一所正位於約克郡
05:05
where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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而事實上，我姪子也即將在那裡入學
05:08
And this one is focused
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這一所主要是將焦點放在
05:10
on creative and media industries.
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創意和媒體產業
05:12
Other ones have a focus on health care,
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其他將會注重健康照護
05:14
tourism, engineering
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觀光，工程
05:16
and other fields.
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和其他領域
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We think we're onto something.
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我想我們能夠做一番事
05:20
It's not perfect yet,
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現在還未臻完美
05:22
but we think this is one idea
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但我們認為這就是那個
05:24
which can transform the lives
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能夠改變數千，或者數百萬
05:26
of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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對學校不感興趣的
05:28
who are really bored by schooling.
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青少年們的生活
05:30
It doesn't animate them.
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這不是把他們變成木偶一樣
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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他們並不會呆坐在教室裡
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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聽著一個又一個小時的講課
05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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他們要的是付諸實行，把他們的手弄髒
05:41
they want education to be for real.
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他們要的是，真正的教育
05:44
And my hope is that some of you out there
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我希望在座的各位
05:46
may be able to help us.
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或許能夠幫助我們
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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我們就像正在一場旅程的開端
05:51
of experiment and improvement
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這場旅途具有實驗性和進步的可能
05:53
to turn the Studio School idea
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能夠將學徒學校這個想法實行得
05:55
into something which is present,
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更符合各地現實
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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這並非對每個孩子都能適用
06:00
but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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但或許能夠用於某些孩子身上
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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我希望在座有些人，能夠幫助我們讓這件事情完成
06:06
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝各位
06:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com