TEDGlobal 2011
Geoff Mulgan: A short intro to the Studio School
Geoff Mulgan: Perkenalan singkat pada Sekolah Studio
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Beberapa anak belajar dengan mendengarkan, yang lainnya dengan melakukan. Geoff Mulgan memberikan perkenalan singkat pada Sekolah Studio, jenis sekolah baru di Inggris di mana sekelompok anak bermain dengan bekerja pada proyek yang, seperti dikatakan Mulgan, "sungguhan."
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentator
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
What I want to talk about today is one idea.
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Yang ingin saya bicarakan hari ini adalah sebuah gagasan.
00:18
It's an idea for a new kind of school,
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Gagasan tentang jenis sekolah baru,
00:20
which turns on its head much of our conventional thinking
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yang mengalihkan semua pemikiran konvensional kita
00:23
about what schools are for and how they work.
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mengenai manfaat dan cara kerja sekolah.
00:25
And it might just be coming to a neighborhood near you soon.
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Mungkin sekolah ini akan segera ada di sekitar Anda.
00:28
Where it comes from
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Asalnya
00:30
is an organization called the Young Foundation,
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adalah organisasi yang disebut Yayasan Young,
00:32
which, over many decades,
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yang selama puluhan tahun,
00:34
has come up with many innovations in education, like the Open University
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muncul dengan banyak penemuan dalam pendidikan, seperti Universitas Terbuka
00:37
and things like Extended Schools,
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dan hal-hal seperti sekolah ekstensi,
00:39
Schools for Social Entrepreneurs, Summer Universities
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sekolah bagi wirausaha sosial, universitas musim panas,
00:42
and the School of Everything.
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dan Sekolah untuk Semuanya.
00:44
And about five years ago, we asked
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Sekitar 5 tahun lalu, kami bertanya
00:46
what was the most important need for innovation
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apa yang paling diperlukan bagi penemuan
00:48
in schooling here in the U.K.
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dari sekolah di Inggris.
00:51
And we felt the most important priority
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Kami rasa prioritas yang terpenting
00:53
was to bring together two sets of problems.
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adalah menggabungkan dua masalah.
00:55
One was large numbers of bored teenagers
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Pertama adalah jumlah remaja yang bosan
00:57
who just didn't like school,
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yang tidak menyukai sekolah,
00:59
couldn't see any relationship between what they learned in school
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yang tidak dapat melihat hubungan antara apa yang mereka pelajari di sekolah
01:01
and future jobs.
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dengan pekerjaan mereka nantinya.
01:03
And employers who kept complaining
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Dan para pengusaha yang terus mengeluh
01:05
that the kids coming out of school weren't actually ready for real work,
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bahwa lulusan sekolah tidak siap untuk pekerjaan nyata,
01:08
didn't have the right attitudes and experience.
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tidak memiliki perilaku dan pengalaman yang tepat.
01:10
And so we try to ask:
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Jadi kami mencoba bertanya:
01:12
What kind of school would have the teenagers fighting to get in,
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Sekolah apa yang akan membuat para remaja berebutan untuk masuk,
01:14
not fighting to stay out?
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bukan berebutan untuk tidak masuk?
01:17
And after hundreds of conversations
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Setelah ratusan percakapan
01:19
with teenagers and teachers and parents
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dengan remaja, guru, orang tua,
01:21
and employers and schools
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pengusaha, dan sekolah
01:23
from Paraguay to Australia,
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dari Paraguay hingga Australia,
01:25
and looking at some of the academic research,
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dan melihat beberapa penelitian akademis
01:27
which showed the importance
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yang menunjukkan pentingnya
01:29
of what's now called non-cognitive skills --
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apa yang kini disebut kemampuan non-kognitif --
01:31
the skills of motivation, resilience --
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motivasi, kegigihan --
01:34
and that these are as important
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dan bahwa hal ini sama pentingnya
01:36
as the cognitive skills -- formal academic skills --
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dengan kemampuan kognitif -- kemampuan akademis formal --
01:38
we came up with an answer, a very simple answer in a way,
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kami mendapat jawabannya, jawaban yang sangat sederhana
01:41
which we called the Studio School.
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yang kami sebut Sekolah Studio.
01:43
And we called it a studio school
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Kami menyebutnya Sekolah Studio
01:45
to go back to the original idea of a studio in the Renaissance
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untuk kembali pada gagasan asli dari masa Renaissance
01:49
where work and learning are integrated.
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di mana bekerja dan belajar dipadukan.
01:51
You work by learning,
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Anda bekerja dengan belajar
01:53
and you learn by working.
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dan Anda belajar dengan bekerja.
01:55
And the design we came up with had the following characteristics.
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Desain yang kami temukan memiliki sifat-sifat berikut.
01:58
First of all, we wanted small schools --
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Pertama, sekolah kecil --
02:00
about 300, 400 pupils --
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sekitar 300, 400 siswa --
02:02
14 to 19 year-olds,
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14 hingga 19 tahun,
02:04
and critically, about 80 percent of the curriculum done
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dan yang penting, sekitar 80 persen kurikulum diberikan
02:07
not through sitting in classrooms,
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tidak dengan duduk di ruang kelas
02:09
but through real-life, practical projects,
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namun melalui proyek praktis nyata,
02:11
working on commission
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bekerja paruh waktu
02:13
to businesses, NGO's and others.
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pada bisnis, LSM, dan sebagainya.
02:15
That every pupil would have a coach, as well as teachers,
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Sehingga setiap siswa akan memiliki pelatih dan guru
02:18
who would have timetables
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yang akan membuat jadwal
02:20
much more like a work environment in a business.
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jauh lebih seperti lingkungan pekerjaan.
02:22
And all of this will be done within the public system,
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Semua itu akan dilakukan dalam sistem publik
02:24
funded by public money,
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yang didanai oleh uang masyarakat,
02:26
but independently run.
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namun dijalankan secara independen.
02:28
And all at no extra cost, no selection,
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Tanpa biaya tambahan, tanpa seleksi,
02:31
and allowing the pupils the route into university,
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dan memungkinkan siswa untuk masuk universitas,
02:34
even if many of them would want to become entrepreneurs
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bahkan jika kebanyakan dari mereka ingin berwirausaha
02:37
and have manual jobs as well.
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dan bekerja sendiri.
02:39
Underlying it was some very simple ideas
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Di bawahnya ada beberapa ide sederhana
02:42
that large numbers of teenagers learn best by doing things,
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bahwa cara terbaik dari banyak remaja untuk belajar adalah melakukan sesuatu,
02:45
they learn best in teams
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mereka sangat baik belajar dalam kelompok
02:47
and they learn best by doing things for real --
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dan melakukan hal sesungguhnya --
02:50
all the opposite of what mainstream schooling
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berlawanan dengan yang umumnya dilakukan
02:52
actually does.
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di sekolah.
02:54
Now that was a nice idea,
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Ini adalah ide yang bagus
02:56
so we moved into the rapid prototyping phase.
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sehingga kami beralih pada fase membuat prototipe-nya.
02:59
We tried it out,
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Kami mencobanya,
03:01
first in Luton --
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pertama di Luton --
03:03
famous for its airport and not much else, I fear --
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yang saya takut hanya terkenal karena bandaranya --
03:05
and in Blackpool -- famous for its beaches and leisure.
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dan di Blackpool -- yang terkenal akan pantai dan daerah wisatanya.
03:08
And what we found -- and we got quite a lot of things wrong
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Yang kami temukan -- dan kami menyadari banyak kesalahan
03:10
and then improved them --
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dan memperbaikinya --
03:12
but we found that the young people loved it.
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namun kami menemukan bahwa anak muda menyukainya.
03:14
They found it much more motivational, much more exciting
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Mereka menganggapnya lebih memotivasi dan menarik
03:17
than traditional education.
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daripada pendidikan tradisional.
03:19
And perhaps most important of all,
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Mungkin yang paling penting,
03:21
two years later when the exam results came through,
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2 tahun kemudian saat hasil ujiannya keluar,
03:24
the pupils who had been put on these field trials
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siswa percobaan ini
03:26
who were in the lowest performing groups
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yang berada di kelompok bawah
03:28
had jumped right to the top --
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melompat ke kelompok atas --
03:30
in fact, pretty much at the top decile of performance
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sebenarnya pada sekitar 10 persen teratas
03:33
in terms of GCSE's,
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dalam hal GCSE
03:35
which is the British marking system.
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yaitu sistem penilaian di Inggris.
03:38
Now not surprisingly,
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Tidak mengejutkan
03:40
that influenced some people to think we were onto something.
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hal itu mempengaruhi beberapa orang untuk berpikir tentang maksud kami.
03:43
The minister of education
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Menteri Pendidikan
03:45
down south in London
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di bagian selatan London
03:47
described himself as a "big fan."
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menyebut dirinya "penggemar besar."
03:49
And the business organizations thought we were onto something
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Dan organisasi bisnis juga berpikir tentang maksud kami.
03:52
in terms of a way of preparing children much better
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dalam hal menyiapkan para siswa jauh lebih baik
03:54
for real-life work today.
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untuk pekerjaan sesungguhnya.
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And indeed, the head of the Chambers of Commerce
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Dan memang, ketua kamar dagang
03:58
is now the chairman of the Studio Schools Trust
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kini adalah direktur Perserikatan Sekolah Studio
04:01
and helping it, not just with big businesses,
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dan membantunya, tidak hanya dengan bisnis besar,
04:04
but small businesses all over the country.
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namun bisnis kecil di seluruh Inggris.
04:07
We started with two schools.
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Kami mulai dengan 2 sekolah.
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That's grown this year to about 10.
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Tahun ini telah tumbuh menjadi 10 sekolah.
04:11
And next year, we're expecting about 35 schools
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Tahun depan, kami berharap ada 35 sekolah
04:14
open across England,
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yang dibuka di seluruh Inggris,
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and another 40 areas
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dan 40 daerah lainnya
04:18
want to have their own schools opening --
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ingin memiliki sekolah sendiri semacam ini --
04:20
a pretty rapid spread
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penyebaran yang cukup cepat
04:22
of this idea.
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dari gagasan ini.
04:24
Interestingly,
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Menariknya,
04:26
it's happened almost entirely without media coverage.
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Semua ini terjadi hampir tanpa peliputan media.
04:29
It's happened almost entirely without big money behind it.
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Semua ini terjadi hampir tanpa dana yang besar.
04:33
It spread almost entirely through word of mouth, virally,
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Semua menyebar dari mulut ke mulut,
04:37
across teachers, parents,
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di antara guru, orang tua,
04:39
people involved in education.
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orang-orang yang terlibat dalam pendidikan.
04:41
And it spread because of the power of an idea --
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Ini menyebar karena kekuatan gagasan ini --
04:43
so the very, very simple idea
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jadi gagasan yang sangat sederhana
04:45
about turning education on its head
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tentang mengalihkan pendidikan
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and putting the things which were marginal,
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dan memasukkan hal yang kecil.
04:50
things like working in teams, doing practical projects,
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hal seperti bekerja kelompok, melakukan proyek praktis,
04:53
and putting them right at the heart of learning,
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dan membawa mereka ke pusat dari pelatihan
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rather than on the edges.
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bukan pada ujungnya.
04:59
Now there's a whole set of new schools
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Sekarang ada satu kumpulan sekolah baru
05:01
opening up this autumn.
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yang dibuka pada musim gugur ini.
05:03
This is one from Yorkshire
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Ini ada di Yorkshire,
05:05
where, in fact, my nephew, I hope, will be able to attend it.
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di mana sebenarnya keponakan saya, saya harap dapat masuk ke sana.
05:08
And this one is focused
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Dan yang ini berfokus
05:10
on creative and media industries.
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pada industri kreatif dan media.
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Other ones have a focus on health care,
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Yang lainnya berfokus pada pelayanan kesehatan,
05:14
tourism, engineering
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turisme, teknik,
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and other fields.
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dan bidang lainnya.
05:18
We think we're onto something.
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Kami melihat maksud kami.
05:20
It's not perfect yet,
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Ini belum sempurna
05:22
but we think this is one idea
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namun kami pikir ini adalah gagasan
05:24
which can transform the lives
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yang dapat mengubah kehidupan
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of thousands, possibly millions, of teenagers
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dari ribuan, mungkin jutaan remaja
05:28
who are really bored by schooling.
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yang telah bosan bersekolah.
05:30
It doesn't animate them.
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Mereka tidak menjiwainya.
05:32
They're not like all of you who can sit in rows
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Mereka tidak seperti Anda yang dapat duduk
05:35
and hear things said to you for hour after hour.
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dan mendengar berbagai hal selama berjam-jam.
05:38
They want to do things, they want to get their hands dirty,
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Mereka ingin melakukan sesuatu, ingin mengotori tangan mereka,
05:41
they want education to be for real.
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mereka ingin pendidikan yang sebenarnya.
05:44
And my hope is that some of you out there
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Saya harap seseorang di luar sana
05:46
may be able to help us.
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akan dapat membantu kami.
05:48
We feel we're on the beginning of a journey
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Kami merasa kami ada pada awal perjalanan
05:51
of experiment and improvement
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dari percobaan dan perbaikan
05:53
to turn the Studio School idea
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untuk mengubah gagasan Sekolah Studio
05:55
into something which is present,
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menjadi sesuatu yang ada
05:58
not as a universal answer for every child,
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bukan sebagai jawaban universal bagi setiap anak,
06:00
but at least as an answer for some children in every part of the world.
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namun setidaknya jawaban bagi sebagian anak di seluruh dunia.
06:03
And I hope that a few of you at least can help us make that happen.
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Saya harap beberapa di antara Anda dapat membantu kami mewujudkannya.
06:06
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
06:08
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Geoff Mulgan - Social commentatorGeoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy that pioneers ideas in fields such as aging, education and poverty reduction. He’s the founder of the think-tank Demos, and the author of "The Art of Public Strategy."
Why you should listen
Geoff Mulgan is director of the Young Foundation, a center for social innovation, social enterprise and public policy with a 50-year history of creating new organisations and pioneering ideas in fields as varied as aging, education, healthcare and poverty reduction.
Before the Young Foundation, Geoff Mulgan has held various roles in the UK government including director of the Government's Strategy Unit and head of policy in the Prime Minister's office, and he was the founder of the think-tank Demos. He is chairing a Carnegie Inquiry into the Future of Civil Society in the UK and Ireland. His most recent book is The Art of Public Strategy: Mobilising Power and Knowledge for the Common Good.
Geoff Mulgan | Speaker | TED.com