Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen: Què heu de saber sobre el CRISPR?
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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it's for genome editing --
d'edició del genoma --
of really interesting conversations.
converses interessants.
mamut llanut?
wiping out an entire species
d'una espècie sencera
is moving much faster
molt més ràpid
that govern it.
la governen.
as possible understand
de persones possible comprengui
and their implications.
les seves implicacions.
of a huge media hype,
gran atenció mediàtica,
are "easy" and "cheap."
"fàcil" i "barat."
a little bit deeper
més en profunditat
and the realities around CRISPR.
sobre el CRISPR.
is damage the DNA.
danyar l'ADN.
of a double-strand break
en dues cadenes
processes kick in,
cel·lular hi intervenen,
those repair processes
processos de reparació
and something called a guide RNA.
anomenada un guia ARN.
míssil teledirigit.
I love to anthropomorphize --
antropomorfitzar --
that's keeping it out of the genome
allunyat del genoma
where it matches.
hi encaixa.
is called CRISPR.
CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
is that the guide RNA,
és que el guia ARN,
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
eficient i fàcil d'usar.
protein complex together
where the guide RNA matches,
el guia ARN pot encaixar,
of the double helix,
de la doble hèlice,
of DNA that's broken.
que està trencada.
de reparació.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
i ajunta les peces de nou.
sometimes a base drops out
és que una base es separa
knock out a gene,
atordir un gen
to do genome editing.
volem editar el genoma.
is a lot more interesting.
molt més interessant.
organism like people,
les persones,
from our mom and one from our dad,
la nostra mare i el nostre pare,
chromosome to repair it.
per a reparar-lo.
d'aquest
d'ADN,
ambdues terminacions
whatever you want in the center
al centre
you can stuff new DNA in,
podeu introduir ADN nou,
scientific advances
de diferents avanços científics
is this modular targeting system.
sistema de focalització modular.
into organisms for years, right?
organismes durant anys, correcte?
modular,
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
on nosaltres volem.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
sobre el fet que sigui barat
that say stuff like,
que diu coses com:
and engineer my genome?"
a modificar el meu genoma?"
He sentit que és fàcil."
I've heard it's easy."
materials for an experiment
material per a un experiment passi
to hundreds of dollars,
cents de dòlars,
to do the work in;
professional on treballar;
outside of a professional lab.
d'un laboratori professional.
on your kitchen table.
en la vostra cuina.
to do this kind of work.
tipus de treball.
que hi ha ara mateix,
there's a patent battle going on,
are in this incredible patent battle.
mig d'una increïble lluita per la patent.
to watch it happen,
està succeint,
of fraudulent claims
afirmacions fraudulentes
my notebook here or there."
ací i allà."
a really hefty licensing fee
una considerable quota de llicència
basic research and you've got a lab.
recerca bàsica i teniu un laboratori.
Let's look at that claim.
that much about cells.
les cèl·lules.
why some guide RNAs work really well
guies ARN funcionen molt bé
want to do one repair pathway
emprar un mètode de reparació
el sistema dins la cèl·lula
of getting the system into the cell
on a whole organism,
un organisme sencer,
like blood or bone marrow --
o una medul·la òssia --
of a lot of research now.
ara mateix.
sobre una xiqueta petita
of some little girl
and putting it back
tornant-la
that people are going to do.
gent seguirá.
into the whole body,
en el cos sencer,
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
li introduïu el CRISPR,
effects of that are.
que hi pot tindre.
but they're still there.
que encara està.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
resoldre-les,
hopefully, be solved.
not by a long shot.
automàtica, no realment.
working it out in your particular system,
el vostre sistema particular,
to make a particular thing happen
en particular ocórrega
in the genome.
for an extra leg.
amb una pota de més.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
milers de científics
of diseases in animals, for example,
en animals, per exemple,
that produce valuable chemicals
productes químics de valor
production and fermentation vats,
i tines de fermentació,
on what genes do.
què fan els gens.
we should be telling,
que hauríem de contar,
that the flashier aspects of it
més cridaners
to make CRISPR happen,
per desenvolupar el CRISPR,
are being supported by our society.
aquests científics.
a certain percentage of people
a un determinat percentatge de persones
inventors del CRISPR,
the shepherds of CRISPR.
del CRISPR.
about these types of technologies,
sobre aquest tipus de tecnologies,
the development of these technologies,
desenvolupament d'aquestes tecnologies,
it's a positive outcome --
positius --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com