Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen: Co powinniście wiedzieć o CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
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it's for genome editing --
do edytowania genomu.
of really interesting conversations.
interesujących dyskusji.
wiping out an entire species
is moving much faster
that govern it.
as possible understand
jak największej liczby ludzi,
and their implications.
technikach i ich implikacjach.
of a huge media hype,
ogromnego szumu w prasie.
are "easy" and "cheap."
"łatwym" i "tanim".
a little bit deeper
and the realities around CRISPR.
otaczającym go prawdom i mitom.
is damage the DNA.
of a double-strand break
na rozerwaniu podwójnej nici
processes kick in,
proces odbudowy komórkowej,
those repair processes
and something called a guide RNA.
I love to anthropomorphize --
that's keeping it out of the genome
która trzyma go z daleka od genomu
where it matches.
gdy znajdzie miejsce, do którego pasuje.
is called CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
odpornościowego bakterii.
is that the guide RNA,
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
i skuteczny w użyciu system.
protein complex together
where the guide RNA matches,
do którego pasuje gRNA.
of the double helix,
nici podwójnej helisy
of DNA that's broken.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
połączenie dwóch kawałków DNA.
sometimes a base drops out
knock out a gene,
gdy chcemy usunąć gen
to do genome editing.
przy edytowaniu genomu.
is a lot more interesting.
organism like people,
ludzie są organizmami diploidalnymi.
from our mom and one from our dad,
od matki i jedną od ojca.
chromosome to repair it.
drugiej kopii do naprawy.
whatever you want in the center
you can stuff new DNA in,
można wstawić całe nowe DNA.
scientific advances
katalizatorem dla ogromnej liczby
is this modular targeting system.
modułowy system celowania.
into organisms for years, right?
obce DNA do organizmu gospodarza
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
that say stuff like,
od ludzi z pytaniami:
and engineer my genome?"
żeby udoskonalić mój genom?"
I've heard it's easy."
materials for an experiment
użytego w eksperymencie
to hundreds of dollars,
to do the work in;
jest profesjonalne laboratorium.
outside of a professional lab.
sensownego bez takiego laboratorium.
on your kitchen table.
tego dokonać na stole kuchennym.
to do this kind of work.
there's a patent battle going on,
are in this incredible patent battle.
prowadzą teraz wojnę o patent.
to watch it happen,
of fraudulent claims
o nielegalne roszczenia
my notebook here or there."
pod notatkami tutaj i tutaj".
a really hefty licensing fee
ogromne opłaty za licencje,
basic research and you've got a lab.
i wykonujesz prosty test.
Let's look at that claim.
that much about cells.
why some guide RNAs work really well
niektóre gRNA działają doskonale
want to do one repair pathway
wybierają jeden sposób naprawy
of getting the system into the cell
tego mechanizmu do komórki
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
krwią albo szpikiem kostnym.
of a lot of research now.
of some little girl
chorej na białaczkę.
and putting it back
i wprowadzono ponownie
that people are going to do.
nad którym skupiają się naukowcy.
into the whole body,
zmiany w całym organizmie
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
i wprowadza do niego CRISPR.
mamy też wirusa
effects of that are.
długoterminowe efekty.
but they're still there.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
znaleźć na nie odpowiedź.
hopefully, be solved.
znajdziemy rozwiązanie.
not by a long shot.
Zabierze to trochę czasu.
working it out in your particular system,
problemem przez kilka lat,
to make a particular thing happen
jak wywołać pożądany efekt,
in the genome.
for an extra leg.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
przez tysiące naukowców
of diseases in animals, for example,
modeli chorób u zwierząt,
that produce valuable chemicals
związków chemicznych
production and fermentation vats,
do procesu fermentacji w kadziach
on what genes do.
badawczych nad funkcjami genów.
we should be telling,
które powinniśmy nagłaśniać.
that the flashier aspects of it
to make CRISPR happen,
do opracowaniem metody CRISPR.
are being supported by our society.
które popiera ich pracę.
a certain percentage of people
pozwala pewnej liczbie ludzi
udział w wynalezieniu CRISPR.
the shepherds of CRISPR.
jesteśmy jego strażnikami.
about these types of technologies,
do zapoznania się z tymi technikami.
the development of these technologies,
o ich wartości i przydatności.
it's a positive outcome --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com