Ellen Jorgensen: What you need to know about CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen: Tutto quello che dovete sapere su CRISPR
Ellen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
it's for genome editing --
usata per modificare il genoma,
of really interesting conversations.
di discussioni interessanti.
il mammut lanoso?
wiping out an entire species
di intere specie
pericolose per il genere umano
is moving much faster
si muove più veloce
that govern it.
che la governano.
as possible understand
persone possibili capissero
and their implications.
le loro implicazioni.
of a huge media hype,
un enorme lancio mediatico,
are "easy" and "cheap."
sono "facile" e "economico".
a little bit deeper
scavare un po' più a fondo
and the realities around CRISPR.
delle verità attorno a CRISPR.
genoma tramite CRISPR
is damage the DNA.
fare è danneggiare il DNA.
of a double-strand break
di un doppio filamento
processes kick in,
di riparazione delle cellule,
those repair processes
and something called a guide RNA.
filamento RNA-guida.
I love to anthropomorphize --
antropomorfizzare-
come un Pac-Man
that's keeping it out of the genome
che lo tiene fuori dal genoma
where it matches.
esatto dove combinarsi.
is called CRISPR.
elementi si chiama CRISPR.
bacterial immune system.
immunitario batterico.
is that the guide RNA,
è che dell'RNA-guida,
that is modular in the system;
and powerful system to use.
molto semplice ed efficace.
protein complex together
where the guide RNA matches,
con cui l'RNA-guida si combina,
of the double helix,
della doppia elica,
della proteina Cas9,
of DNA that's broken.
principali per riparare.
and shoves the two pieces back together.
diviso e lo riunisce.
sometimes a base drops out
knock out a gene,
to do genome editing.
per modificare un genoma.
is a lot more interesting.
di DNA corrispondente.
organism like people,
from our mom and one from our dad,
dalla madre e una dal padre,
chromosome to repair it.
cromosoma per ripararla.
whatever you want in the center
ogni cosa al centro
you can stuff new DNA in,
inserire del nuovo DNA,
scientific advances
is this modular targeting system.
sistema modulare mirato.
into organisms for years, right?
organismi per anni, no?
targeting system,
exactly where we want it.
esattamente dove vogliamo.
a lot of talk about it being cheap
del suo essere economico
that say stuff like,
persone con cose tipo,
and engineer my genome?"
e progettare il mio genoma?"
I've heard it's easy."
economico. E semplice."
materials for an experiment
materiale per un esperimento
to hundreds of dollars,
to do the work in;
laboratorio professionale;
outside of a professional lab.
fuori da un laboratorio professionale.
on your kitchen table.
sul tavolo della cucina.
to do this kind of work.
non è affatto facile.
there's a patent battle going on,
battaglia sui brevetti.
are in this incredible patent battle.
Berkeley in questa incredibile battaglia.
to watch it happen,
vedere cosa accade
of fraudulent claims
di dichiarazioni fraudolente
my notebook here or there."
quaderno di laboratorio".
a really hefty licensing fee
di licenza notevole
basic research and you've got a lab.
di base e avete un laboratorio.
Let's look at that claim.
that much about cells.
why some guide RNAs work really well
alcuni RNA-guida sono efficienti
want to do one repair pathway
ricorrono ad un metodo di riparazione
of getting the system into the cell
il sistema dentro la cellula
on a whole organism,
like blood or bone marrow --
of a lot of research now.
di molte ricerche.
of some little girl
and putting it back
loro stesso sangue modificato
that people are going to do.
into the whole body,
l'intero organismo
to have to use a virus.
you put the CRISPR into it,
il CRISPR all'interno
effects of that are.
effetti a lungo termine.
effetti indesiderati,
but they're still there.
percentuale, ma ci sono.
over time with that?
that are trying to solve them,
provando a rispondere,
hopefully, be solved.
not by a long shot.
pronto all'uso. Non ancora.
working it out in your particular system,
provarlo sul vostro sistema,
to make a particular thing happen
succedere qualcosa in particolare
in the genome.
particolare del genoma.
ai maiali, ad esempio.
for an extra leg.
per una gamba in più.
by thousands and thousands of scientists
migliaia di scienziati
davvero molto importante,
of diseases in animals, for example,
la malattia animale, per esempio,
that produce valuable chemicals
realizzare prodotti chimici,
production and fermentation vats,
e nei processi di fermentazione,
on what genes do.
sulle funzioni dei geni.
we should be telling,
dovrebbe essere raccontata,
that the flashier aspects of it
aspetti più immediati
to make CRISPR happen,
sodo per realizzare CRISPR,
are being supported by our society.
sostegno della nostra società.
a certain percentage of people
ad un certo numero di persone
the shepherds of CRISPR.
about these types of technologies,
queste tecnologie
the development of these technologies,
lo sviluppo di queste tecnologie,
it's a positive outcome --
alla fine, un risultato positivo --
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ellen Jorgensen - Biologist, community science advocateEllen Jorgensen is at the leading edge of the do-it-yourself biotechnology movement, bringing scientific exploration and understanding to the public.
Why you should listen
In 2009, after many years of working as a molecular biologist in the biotech industry, together with TED Fellow Oliver Medvedik, Jorgensen founded Genspace, a nonprofit community laboratory dedicated to promoting citizen science and access to biotechnology. Despite criticism that bioresearch should be left to the experts, the Brooklyn-based lab continues to thrive, providing educational outreach, cultural events and a platform for science innovation at the grassroots level. At the lab, amateur and professional scientists conduct award-winning research on projects as diverse as identifying microbes that live in Earth's atmosphere and (Jorgensen's own pet project) DNA-barcoding plants, to distinguish between species that look alike but may not be closely related evolutionarily. Fast Company magazine named Genspace one of the world's "Top 10 innovative companies in education."
Ellen Jorgensen | Speaker | TED.com