TED2011
Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?
Philip Zimbardo: Drenges forfald?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.3
2,470,575 views
Psykologen Philip Zimbardo spørger, "Hvorfor kæmper drenge?" Han deler nogle statistikker (Lavere beståelseschancer, større bekymringer omkring intimitet og forhold) og foreslår nogle grunde dertil - og han spørger efter din hjælp! Se dette foredrag og tag derefter hans korte spørgeskema med 10 spørgsmål: http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
0
0
2000
Så i dag vil jeg have os til at reflektere
00:17
on the demise of guys.
1
2000
2000
over drenges forfald
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
2
4000
2000
Fyre brænder ud akademisk,
00:21
they're wiping out socially with girls
3
6000
2000
de klarer sig dårligt socialt med piger
00:23
and sexually with women.
4
8000
2000
og seksuelt med kvinder.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
5
10000
3000
Udover det, er der ikke de store problemer.
00:28
So what's the data?
6
13000
2000
Så hvad siger vores data?
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
7
15000
2000
Vores data om at droppe ud er fantastiske.
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
8
17000
2000
Drenge er 30 procent mere tilbøjelige end piger
00:34
to drop out of school.
9
19000
2000
til at droppe ud af skolen.
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
10
21000
3000
I Canada, dropper fem drenge ud for hver tre piger.
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
11
24000
2000
Piger klarer sig bedre end drenge på alle niveauer
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
12
26000
2000
fra folkeskolen til universitetet.
00:43
There's a 10 percent differential
13
28000
2000
Der er en 10 procents forskel
00:45
between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
14
30000
3000
med hensyn til at få bachelor- og andre akademiske grader,
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
15
33000
3000
med drenge faldende bag piger.
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
16
36000
4000
To tredjedele af elever i hjælpeprogrammer er drenge.
00:55
And as you all know,
17
40000
2000
Og som i allesammen ved
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
18
42000
2000
er drenge fem gange mere tilbøjelige end piger
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
19
44000
2000
til at blive diagnosticeret med ADHD,
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
20
46000
3000
og derfor giver vi dem Ritalin.
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
21
49000
2000
Hvad er tegnene på at de klarer sig dårligt?
01:06
First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
22
51000
2000
For det første er det en ny frygt for intimitet,
01:08
Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
23
53000
3000
med intimitet menes en fysisk og følelsesmæssig kontakt
01:11
with somebody else --
24
56000
2000
med en anden -
01:13
and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
25
58000
3000
og specielt med en af det modsatte køn,
01:16
who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
26
61000
2000
som afgiver tvetydige, modsatrettede
01:18
phosphorescent signals.
27
63000
2000
langsomtvirkende signaler.
01:20
(Laughter)
28
65000
4000
(Latter)
01:24
And every year there's research done
29
69000
2000
Og hvert år bliver der udført forskning
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
30
71000
3000
om selv-rapporteret generthed iblandt universitetsstuderende,
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
31
74000
2000
og vi ser en stabil stigning iblandt mænd,
01:31
And this is two kinds.
32
76000
2000
og det er to slags:
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
33
78000
2000
Der er en social akavethed.
01:35
The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
34
80000
2000
Den gamle generthed var en frygt for afvisning,
01:37
It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
35
82000
2000
det er en social akavethed, som om du er en fremmed i et andet land.
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
36
84000
3000
De ved ikke hvad man skal sige, de ved ikke hvad man skal gøre,
01:42
especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
37
87000
3000
specielt i enrum med det modsatte køn.
01:45
They don't know the language of face contact,
38
90000
3000
De kender ikke ansigtskontakt-sproget,
01:48
the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
39
93000
2000
det ikke-verbale og det verbale regelsæt
01:50
that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
40
95000
3000
der tillader dig at tale komfortabelt med en anden
01:53
listen to somebody else.
41
98000
2000
og at lytte til en anden.
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
42
100000
3000
Der er noget jeg udvikler her, som hedder social intensitetssyndrom,
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
43
103000
2000
hvilket prøver at forklare hvorfor drenge faktisk foretrækker
02:00
male bonding over female mating.
44
105000
3000
mandlig kontakt over at parre sig med en kvinde.
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
45
108000
2000
Det viser sig at fra den tidligste barndom,
02:05
boys, and then men,
46
110000
2000
drenge, og derefter mænd
02:07
prefer the company of guys --
47
112000
2000
foretrækker mandligt selskab,
02:09
physical company.
48
114000
2000
fysisk selskab.
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
49
116000
3000
Det er faktisk en hjernemæssig ophidselse vi ser,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
50
119000
2000
for drenge har været sammen med drenge
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
51
121000
3000
i hold, i klubber, i bander, i broderskaber,
02:19
especially in the military, and then in pubs.
52
124000
3000
særligt i militæret, og på barer.
02:22
And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
53
127000
2000
Og det topper på "Super Bowl Sunday"
02:24
when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
54
129000
3000
hvor fyre hellere vil være i en bar med fremmede,
02:27
watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
55
132000
4000
imens de ser en overbeklædt Aaron Rodgers fra Green Bay Packers,
02:31
rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
56
136000
3000
end de vil se Jennifer Lopez helt nøgen i soveværelset.
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
57
139000
2000
Problemet er at de nu foretrækker
02:36
[the] asynchronistic Internet world
58
141000
2000
en asynkron internet verden
02:38
to the spontaneous interaction
59
143000
2000
fremfor den spontane interaktion
02:40
in social relationships.
60
145000
2000
i sociale forhold.
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
61
147000
3000
Hvad er årsagerne? Det er en utilsigtet konsekvens.
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
62
150000
3000
Jeg tror det er overdreven internetbrug generelt, overdreven brug af computerspil,
02:48
excessive new access to pornography.
63
153000
4000
og overdreven ny adgang til porno.
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
64
157000
3000
Problemet er at dette er ophidselses-afhængigheder.
02:55
Drug addiction, you simply want more.
65
160000
2000
Ved stofmisbrug vil man blot have mere,
02:57
Arousal addiction, you want different.
66
162000
2000
ved ophidselses-afhængighed vil du have anderledes,
02:59
Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
67
164000
2000
stoffer, man vil have mere af det samme - anderledes.
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
68
166000
3000
Så man har brug for det nye for at opretholde ophidselsen.
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
69
169000
3000
Og problemet er at industrien giver dig det.
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
70
172000
2000
Jane McGonigal fortalte os sidste år
03:09
that by the time a boy is 21,
71
174000
2000
at når en dreng er blevet 21
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
72
176000
2000
Har han spillet 10.000 timers computerspil,
03:13
most of that in isolation.
73
178000
2000
de fleste af dem, alene.
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
74
180000
2000
Som i husker Cindy Gallop sagde:
03:17
men don't know the difference
75
182000
3000
mænd kender ikke forskel
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
76
185000
2000
på at elske og at lave porno.
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
77
187000
3000
Den gennemsnitlige dreng ser nu 50 klip porno om ugen,
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
78
190000
3000
og der er åbenlyst en fyr der ser hundrede.
03:28
(Laughter)
79
193000
2000
(Latter)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
80
195000
3000
Og porno industrien er den hurtigst voksende industri i Amerika med
03:33
15 billion annually.
81
198000
2000
15 milliarder dollars årlig.
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
82
200000
2000
For hver 400 film lavet i Hollywood,
03:37
there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
83
202000
3000
er der 11.000 pornofilm.
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
84
205000
2000
Så effekten er meget hurtigt
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
85
207000
2000
denne nye form for ophidselse.
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
86
209000
3000
Drenges hjerner bliver digitalt ændret på en helt ny måde
03:47
for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
87
212000
3000
til forandring, det nye, spænding og konstant ophidselse.
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
88
215000
3000
Dette betyder at de er ude af trit med traditionelle klasser,
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
89
218000
2000
der er analoge, stillestående og interaktivt passive.
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
90
220000
2000
De er også ude af trit
03:57
in romantic relationships,
91
222000
2000
i romantiske forhold,
03:59
which build gradually and subtly.
92
224000
2000
som opbygges gradvist og umærkeligt.
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
93
226000
2000
Så hvad er løsningen? Det er ikke mit job.
04:03
I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
94
228000
2000
Jeg er her for at alarmere, det er jeres job at løse.
04:05
(Laughter)
95
230000
3000
(Latter)
04:08
(Applause)
96
233000
2000
(Klapsalver)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
97
235000
3000
Men hvem burde bekymre sig? De eneste folk der burde bekymre sig
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
98
238000
2000
er forældre til drenge og piger,
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
99
240000
2000
undervisere, computerspillere, filmmagere
04:17
and women who would like a real man
100
242000
2000
og kvinder som ønsker sig en rigtig mand
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
101
244000
2000
som de kan tale til, som kan danse,
04:21
who can make love slowly
102
246000
2000
der kan elske langsomt
04:23
and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
103
248000
2000
og tilføje til det evolutionære pres
04:25
to keep our species above banana slugs.
104
250000
3000
for at holde vores art over banansneglene.
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
105
253000
2000
Ikke for at sige noget ondt om ejere af banansnegle. Mange tak
04:30
(Applause)
106
255000
10000
(Klapsalver)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - PsychologistPhilip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.
Why you should listen
Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.
A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.
Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com