ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?

Philip Zimbardo: La Fin des Hommes?

Filmed:
2,470,575 views

Le psychologue Philip Zimbardo pose la question suivante: "Pourquoi les garçons sont-ils en difficulté?" Il nous présente des statistiques (réussite académique en baisse, inquiétude grandissante au sujet de l'intimité et des relations amoureuses), il en suggère des causes probables, et demande votre aide! Regardez son exposé, puis répondez aux 10 questions de cette enquête: http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
- Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
So today, I want us to reflect
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Réfléchissons aujourd'hui
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on the demise of guys.
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à la fin des hommes.
00:19
Guys are flaming out academically;
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Les hommes régressent dans le monde académique,
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they're wiping out socially with girls
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socialement avec les filles,
00:23
and sexually with women.
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et sexuellement avec les femmes.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem.
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A part ça, tout va bien.
00:28
So what's the data?
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Quelques statistiques:
00:30
So the data on dropping out is amazing.
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le taux d'abandon est effarant.
00:32
Boys are 30 percent more likely than girls
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Les garçons ont 30% de chances de plus que les filles
00:34
to drop out of school.
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d'abandonner leurs études.
00:36
In Canada, five boys drop out for every three girls.
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Au Canada, 5 garçons pour 3 filles abandonnent les études.
00:39
Girls outperform boys now at every level,
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Les filles surpassent les garçons en tout,
00:41
from elementary school to graduate school.
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de l'école primaire aux hautes études.
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There's a 10 percent differential
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Il y a une différence de 10%
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between getting BA's and all graduate programs,
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entre les taux de réussite aux baccalauréats et masters
00:48
with guys falling behind girls.
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des filles et ceux des garçons.
00:51
Two-thirds of all students in special ed. remedial programs are guys.
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2 tiers des élèves de programmes spécialisés sont des garçons.
00:55
And as you all know,
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Et comme vous le savez
00:57
boys are five times more likely than girls
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les garçons ont 5 fois plus de chance
00:59
to be labeled as having attention deficit disorder --
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d'être étiquetés "trouble de l'attention"
01:01
and therefore we drug them with Ritalin.
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alors nous les droguons à la Ritalin.
01:04
What's the evidence of wiping out?
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Les preuves de ce déclin?
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First, it's a new fear of intimacy.
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Une nouvelle peur de l'intimité.
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Intimacy means physical, emotional connection
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L'intimité est une connexion physique et affective
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with somebody else --
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avec une personne,
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and especially with somebody of the opposite sex
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particulièrement quelqu'un du sexe opposé
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who gives off ambiguous, contradictory,
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qui émet des signaux ambigus, contradictoires
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phosphorescent signals.
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et phosphorescents.
01:20
(Laughter)
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(Rires)
01:24
And every year there's research done
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Des études sont conduites chaque année
01:26
on self-reported shyness among college students.
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sur une timidité déclarée par les étudiants.
01:29
And we're seeing a steady increase among males.
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Et on constate une augmentation constante
01:31
And this is two kinds.
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de 2 types.
01:33
It's a social awkwardness.
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Un malaise dans les rapports sociaux.
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The old shyness was a fear of rejection.
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La timidité d'antan était une peur d'être rejeté.
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It's a social awkwardness like you're a stranger in a foreign land.
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C'est comme être un étranger sur une terre inconnue.
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They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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Ils ne savent pas quoi dire ni quoi faire
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especially one-on-one [with the] opposite sex.
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particulièrement seul-à-seul avec le sexe opposé.
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They don't know the language of face contact,
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Ils ne maîtrisent pas le langage des expressions du visage
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the non-verbal and verbal set of rules
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les règles verbales et non verbales
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that enable you to comfortably talk to somebody else,
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pour communiquer à l'aise avec une personne
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listen to somebody else.
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et l'écouter.
01:55
There's something I'm developing here called social intensity syndrome,
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Je travaille sur ce que j'appelle le syndrome d'intensité sociale
01:58
which tries to account for why guys really prefer
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qui tente d'expliquer pourquoi les hommes préfèrent
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male bonding over female mating.
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la camaraderie masculine à l'accouplement avec une femme.
02:03
It turns out, from earliest childhood,
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Depuis l'enfance
02:05
boys, and then men,
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les garçons puis les hommes
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prefer the company of guys --
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préfèrent la compagnie des hommes
02:09
physical company.
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la compagnie physique.
02:11
And there's actually a cortical arousal we're looking at,
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Cela se traduit par une excitation du cortex
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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car les hommes sont entre hommes
02:16
in teams, in clubs, in gangs, in fraternities,
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dans des équipes, clubs, gangs, fraternités,
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especially in the military, and then in pubs.
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surtout dans l'armée, puis dans des bars.
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And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday
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Cela culmine le dimanche du Super Bowl
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when guys would rather be in a bar with strangers,
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lorsque les hommes préfèrent être au bar avec des inconnus
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watching a totally overdressed Aaron Rodgers of the Green Bay Packers,
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à regarder le footballer Aaron Rodgers trop habillé,
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rather than Jennifer Lopez totally naked in the bedroom.
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plutôt qu'avec Jennifer Lopez toute nue dans la chambre.
02:34
The problem is they now prefer
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Le problème est qu'ils préfèrent
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[the] asynchronistic Internet world
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le monde asynchrone de l'internet
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to the spontaneous interaction
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à l'interaction spontanée
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in social relationships.
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des relations sociales.
02:42
What are the causes? Well, it's an unintended consequence.
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Les causes? C'est une conséquence involontaire.
02:45
I think it's excessive Internet use in general, excessive video gaming,
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Je pense que c'est dû à une utilisation excessive d'internet et des jeux vidéos
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excessive new access to pornography.
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et à un accès facile à la pornographie.
02:52
The problem is these are arousal addictions.
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Ce sont des dépendances à l'excitation.
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Drug addiction, you simply want more.
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Les drogues, on en veut plus.
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Arousal addiction, you want different.
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La dépendance à l'excitation, on veut du nouveau.
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Drugs, you want more of the same -- different.
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Drogues: toujours la même chose / du nouveau.
03:01
So you need the novelty in order for the arousal to be sustained.
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Il faut de la nouveauté pour maintenir l'excitation.
03:04
And the problem is the industry is supplying it.
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Le problème est que l'industrie en fournit.
03:07
Jane McGonigal told us last year
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Jane McGonigal nous a dit
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that by the time a boy is 21,
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qu'avant d'atteindre 21 ans
03:11
he's played 10,000 hours of video games,
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un garçon a passé 10 000 heures devant des jeux vidéos
03:13
most of that in isolation.
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seul la plupart du temps.
03:15
As you remember, Cindy Gallop said
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Souvenez-vous de Cindy Gallop qui a dit
03:17
men don't know the difference
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que les hommes ne savent pas la différence
03:20
between making love and doing porn.
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entre faire l'amour et faire du porno.
03:22
The average boy now watches 50 porn video clips a week.
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Les garçons regardent en moyenne 50 vidéos porno par semaine.
03:25
And there's some guy watching a hundred, obviously.
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Bien sûr, il y en a qui en regardent 100.
03:28
(Laughter)
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(Rires)
03:30
And the porn industry is the fastest growing industry in America --
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L'industrie porno à la croissance la plus rapide des USA
03:33
15 billion annually.
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15 milliards par an.
03:35
For every 400 movies made in Hollywood,
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Pour 400 films faits à Hollywood,
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there are 11,000 now made porn videos.
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on produit 11 000 vidéos porno.
03:40
So the effect, very quickly,
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Il en résulte
03:42
is it's a new kind of arousal.
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une nouvelle forme d'excitation.
03:44
Boys' brains are being digitally rewired in a totally new way
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Le cerveau des garçons est recâblé
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for change, novelty, excitement and constant arousal.
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pour de la nouveauté, et une excitation constante.
03:50
That means they're totally out of sync in traditional classes,
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Ils sont donc désorientés dans les classes traditionnelles
03:53
which are analog, static, interactively passive.
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qui sont analogiques, statiques, et où l'interaction est passive.
03:55
They're also totally out of sync
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Ils sont aussi désorientés
03:57
in romantic relationships,
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dans les relations amoureuses
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which build gradually and subtly.
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qui se construisent de façon subtile et progressive.
04:01
So what's the solution? It's not my job.
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La solution? Ce n'est pas mon boulot.
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I'm here to alarm. It's your job to solve.
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C'est à vous de trouver une solution.
04:05
(Laughter)
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(Rires)
04:08
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
04:10
But who should care? The only people who should care about this
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Qui cela concerne-t-il? Ceux qui devraient s'en soucier
04:13
is parents of boys and girls,
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sont les parents de garçons et de filles
04:15
educators, gamers, filmmakers
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les éducateurs, fans de jeux vidéos, réalisateurs
04:17
and women who would like a real man
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et les femmes qui veulent un vrai homme
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance,
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à qui parler, qui sait danser,
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who can make love slowly
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faire l'amour lentement
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and contribute to the evolutionary pressures
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et contribuer aux pressions de l'évolution
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to keep our species above banana slugs.
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pour maintenir notre espèce au dessus du niveau des limaces
04:28
No offense to banana slug owners. Thank you.
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sans offenser les amateurs de limaces. Merci.
04:30
(Applause)
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(Applaudissements)
Translated by Rémy Peyroux
Reviewed by Antoniu Gugu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com

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