ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?

Philip Zimbardo: Nestajanje muškaraca?

Filmed:
2,470,575 views

Psiholog Philip Zimbardo pita: "Zašto su dečki neuspješni?" Pokazuje nam statistike koje na to ukazuju (manji broj diplomiranih, veće brige u intimnosti i odnosima), govori o nekoliko mogućih razloga i -- traži vašu pomoć! Pogledajte njegov govor, a zatim ispunite ovaj kratki upitnik sa 10 pitanja: http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey
- Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
So todaydanas, I want us to reflectodraziti
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Želim da se danas osvrnemo
00:17
on the demisesmrt of guys.
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na nestajanje muškaraca.
00:19
Guys are flamingPlameni out academicallyakademski;
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Muškarci propadaju u školama,
00:21
they're wipingBrisanje out sociallydruštveno with girlsdjevojke
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nestaju iz društva djevojaka
00:23
and sexuallyseksualno with womenžene.
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i iz seksa sa ženama.
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problemproblem.
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Osim toga, nema previše problema.
00:28
So what's the datapodaci?
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Dakle, kakvi su podaci?
00:30
So the datapodaci on droppingpada out is amazingnevjerojatan.
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Podaci o propadanju u školama su nevjerojatni.
00:32
BoysDječaci are 30 percentposto more likelyVjerojatno than girlsdjevojke
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Vjerojatnost da će dečki prekinuti školovanje
00:34
to droppad out of schoolškola.
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je za 30 posto veća nego kod djevojaka.
00:36
In CanadaKanada, fivepet boysdječaci droppad out for everysvaki threetri girlsdjevojke.
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U Kanadi, školu prekida pet dječaka na svake tri djevojke.
00:39
GirlsDjevojke outperformnadmašiti boysdječaci now at everysvaki levelnivo,
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Djevojke su bolje od dječaka na svakoj razini,
00:41
from elementaryosnovni schoolškola to graduatediplomirani schoolškola.
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od osnovne škole do fakulteta.
00:43
There's a 10 percentposto differentialdiferencijal
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Razlika je čak 10 posto
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betweenizmeđu gettinguzimajući BA'sBA je and all graduatediplomirani programsprogrami,
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u stizanju do diplome, na svim dodiplomskim studijima,
00:48
with guys fallingkoji pada behindiza girlsdjevojke.
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toliko dečki zaostaju za djevojkama.
00:51
Two-thirdsDvije trećine of all studentsstudenti in specialposeban edEd. remedialDopunska programsprogrami are guys.
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Dvije trećine učenika u programima specijalnog obrazovanja su dečki.
00:55
And as you all know,
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I kao što svi znate,
00:57
boysdječaci are fivepet timesputa more likelyVjerojatno than girlsdjevojke
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vjerojatnost je pet puta veća nego kod djevojaka
00:59
to be labeleds oznakom as havingima attentionpažnja deficitdeficit disorderporemećaj --
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da se dečkima pripiše poremećaj nedostatka pažnje --
01:01
and thereforestoga we drugdroga them with RitalinRitalin.
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i onda ih drogiramo Ritalinom.
01:04
What's the evidencedokaz of wipingBrisanje out?
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Koji su dokazi nestajanja?
01:06
First, it's a newnovi fearstrah of intimacyintimnost.
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Prvo, tu je novi strah od bliskosti.
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IntimacyIntimnost meanssredstva physicalfizička, emotionalemotivan connectionveza
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Bliskost je tjelesna i emocionalna povezanost
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with somebodyneko elsedrugo --
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s nekim drugim --
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and especiallyposebno with somebodyneko of the oppositesuprotan sexseks
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a naročito s nekim suprotnog spola
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who givesdaje off ambiguousnejasan, contradictorykontradiktornih,
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koji daje dvosmislene, kontradiktorne,
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phosphorescentfosforescentan signalssignali.
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svjetlosne signale.
01:20
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
01:24
And everysvaki yeargodina there's researchistraživanje doneučinio
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Svake godine provodi se istraživanje
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on self-reportedsamostalno prijaviti shynesslijenost amongmeđu collegekoledž studentsstudenti.
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o razini stida kod sveučilišnih studenata.
01:29
And we're seeingvidim a steadypostojan increasepovećati amongmeđu malesmuškarci.
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Vidimo da to stabilno raste kod muškaraca.
01:31
And this is two kindsvrste.
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Postoje dvije vrste stidljivosti.
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It's a socialsocijalni awkwardnessnespretnost.
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Postoji društvena nezgrapnost.
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The oldstar shynesslijenost was a fearstrah of rejectionodbacivanje.
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Stara stidljivost je bila strah od odbijanja.
01:37
It's a socialsocijalni awkwardnessnespretnost like you're a strangerstranac in a foreignstrana landzemljište.
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Ovo je kao da ste stranac u nekoj stranoj zemlji.
01:39
They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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Ne znaju što da kažu, ne znaju što da rade,
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especiallyposebno one-on-onejedan na jedan [with the] oppositesuprotan sexseks.
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naročito kada se nađu nasamo s pripadnicom suprotnog spola.
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They don't know the languagejezik of facelice contactkontakt,
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Ne znaju jezik kontakta licem,
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the non-verbalneglagolski and verbalglagolski setset of rulespravila
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neverbalni i verbalni skup pravila
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that enableomogućiti you to comfortablyudobno talk to somebodyneko elsedrugo,
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koji vam omogućava da ugodno pričate s nekim drugim,
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listen to somebodyneko elsedrugo.
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slušate nekoga drugoga.
01:55
There's something I'm developingrazvoju here calledzvao socialsocijalni intensityintenzitet syndromesindrom,
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Postoji nešto što razvijam i što sam nazvao sindromom društvenog intenziteta,
01:58
whichkoji triespokušava to accountračun for why guys really preferradije
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kojim pokušavam otkriti zašto dečki preferiraju
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malemuški bondingvezivanje over femaležena matingparenje.
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muško druženje umjesto susreta sa ženama.
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It turnsokreti out, from earliestnajraniji childhooddjetinjstvo,
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Ispostavlja se da od najranijeg djetinjstva
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boysdječaci, and then menmuškarci,
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dečki, koji poslije postaju muškarcima,
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preferradije the companydruštvo of guys --
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preferiraju muško društvo --
02:09
physicalfizička companydruštvo.
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boravak u društvu muškaraca.
02:11
And there's actuallyzapravo a corticalkortikalne arousaluzbuđenja we're looking at,
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Tu se zapravo radi o kortikalnom nadražaju,
02:14
because guys have been with guys
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jer dečki su s dečkima
02:16
in teamstimovi, in clubsklubovi, in gangsbande, in fraternitiesbratovština,
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u ekipama, klubovima, bandama, bratstvima,
02:19
especiallyposebno in the militaryvojni, and then in pubsbaza.
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naročito u vojsci, a zatim u krčmama.
02:22
And this peaksvrhova at SuperSuper BowlZdjela SundayNedjelja
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A vrhunac toga je završnica nogometnog prvenstva
02:24
when guys would ratherradije be in a barbar with strangersstranci,
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kada su dečki u baru s neznancima i radije gledaju
02:27
watchinggledanje a totallypotpuno overdressedPreviše se oblačim AaronAaron RodgersRodgers of the GreenZelena BayZaljev PackersPackers,
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previše odjevenog Aarona Rodgersa iz Green Bay Packersa,
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ratherradije than JenniferJennifer LopezLopez totallypotpuno nakedgo in the bedroomspavaća soba.
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nego Jennifer Lopez potpuno golu u spavaćoj sobi.
02:34
The problemproblem is they now preferradije
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Problem je u tome što sada preferiraju
02:36
[the] asynchronisticasynchronistic InternetInternet worldsvijet
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asinkronističan svijet Interneta
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to the spontaneousspontan interactioninterakcija
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umjesto spontanih interakcija
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in socialsocijalni relationshipsodnosa.
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u međuljudskim odnosima.
02:42
What are the causesuzroci? Well, it's an unintendedneplanirane consequenceposljedica.
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Koji su uzroci? I to je nenamjerna posljedica.
02:45
I think it's excessivepretjeran InternetInternet use in generalgeneral, excessivepretjeran videovideo gamingigre,
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Mislim da je uzrok prekomjerno korištenje Interneta općenito,
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excessivepretjeran newnovi accesspristup to pornographypornografija.
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prekomjerno igranje video igara, i najnovije, prekomjeran pristup pornografiji.
02:52
The problemproblem is these are arousaluzbuđenja addictionsovisnosti.
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Problem je u tome što su to ovisnosti nadražaja.
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DrugDroga addictionovisnost, you simplyjednostavno want more.
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Kod ovisnosti o drogi jednostavno želiš više.
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ArousalUzbuđenja addictionovisnost, you want differentdrugačiji.
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Kod ovisnosti o nadražaju, želiš drugačije.
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DrugsDroge, you want more of the sameisti -- differentdrugačiji.
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Droga: želiš više istoga -- ovdje drugačije.
03:01
So you need the noveltynovost in ordernarudžba for the arousaluzbuđenja to be sustainedneprekidan.
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Potrebno je nešto novo kako bi nadražaj bio zadržan.
03:04
And the problemproblem is the industryindustrija is supplyingopskrbljuje it.
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A problem je što industrija to nudi.
03:07
JaneJane McGonigalMcGonigal told us last yeargodina
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Jane McGonigal nam je prošle godine rekla
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that by the time a boydječak is 21,
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da dječak do svoje 21. godine
03:11
he's playedigrao 10,000 hourssati of videovideo gamesigre,
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odigra 10.000 sati video igara,
03:13
mostnajviše of that in isolationizolacija.
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većinu toga u izolaciji.
03:15
As you rememberzapamtiti, CindyCindy GallopGalop said
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Sjetit ćete se, Cindy Gallop nam je rekla
03:17
menmuškarci don't know the differencerazlika
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da muškarci ne znaju razliku
03:20
betweenizmeđu makingizrađivanje love and doing pornporno.
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između vođenja ljubavi i pornografije.
03:22
The averageprosječan boydječak now watchessatovi 50 pornporno videovideo clipsklipovi a weektjedan.
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Prosječni dječak sada gleda 50 pornografskih video snimki tjedno.
03:25
And there's some guy watchinggledanje a hundredstotina, obviouslyočito.
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A negdje, netko odgleda i stotinu, naravno.
03:28
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
03:30
And the pornporno industryindustrija is the fastestnajbrži growingrastući industryindustrija in AmericaAmerika --
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Pornografska industrija je najbrže rastuća industrija u Americi --
03:33
15 billionmilijardi annuallygodišnje.
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15 milijardi godišnje.
03:35
For everysvaki 400 moviesfilmovi madenapravljen in HollywoodHollywood,
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Na svakih 400 filmova napravljenih u Hollywoodu,
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there are 11,000 now madenapravljen pornporno videosvideo.
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sada imamo 11.000 pornografskih filmova.
03:40
So the effectposljedica, very quicklybrzo,
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Ishod je, ukratko,
03:42
is it's a newnovi kindljubazan of arousaluzbuđenja.
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ta nova vrsta nadražaja.
03:44
Boys'Dječaka brainsmozak are beingbiće digitallydigitalno rewiredinstalacije in a totallypotpuno newnovi way
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Mozgovi dječaka su digitalno prespojeni na totalno drugačiji način
03:47
for changepromijeniti, noveltynovost, excitementuzbuđenje and constantkonstantno arousaluzbuđenja.
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i traže promjene, novitete, uzbuđenje i stalne nadražaje.
03:50
That meanssredstva they're totallypotpuno out of syncsinkronizirati in traditionaltradicionalan classesklase,
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To znači da su potpno neusklađeni s tradicionalnim razredima,
03:53
whichkoji are analoganalog, staticstatički, interactivelyinteraktivno passivepasivan.
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koji su analogni, statički, interaktivno pasivni.
03:55
They're alsotakođer totallypotpuno out of syncsinkronizirati
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Također su potpuno neusklađeni
03:57
in romanticromantičan relationshipsodnosa,
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u romantičnim odnosima,
03:59
whichkoji buildizgraditi graduallypostepeno and subtlysuptilno.
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koje se gradi postupno i suptilno.
04:01
So what's the solutionriješenje? It's not my jobposao.
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I koje je rješenje? To nije moj posao.
04:03
I'm here to alarmalarm. It's your jobposao to solveriješiti.
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Ja ukazujem na problem. Vaš je posao da ga riješite.
04:05
(LaughterSmijeh)
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(Smijeh)
04:08
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)
04:10
But who should carebriga? The only people who should carebriga about this
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Ali tko bi se trebao zabrinuti? Jedini ljudi koji bi trebali brinuti o ovome
04:13
is parentsroditelji of boysdječaci and girlsdjevojke,
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su roditelji dječaka i djevojčica,
04:15
educatorsodgojitelji, gamersigra, filmmakersfilmaši
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prosvjetni radnici, proizvođači igara i filmova,
04:17
and womenžene who would like a realstvaran man
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i žene koji bi htjele pravog muškarca
04:19
who they can talk to, who can danceples,
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s kojim mogu pričati, s kojim mogu plesati,
04:21
who can make love slowlypolako
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koji može voditi ljubav polako
04:23
and contributedoprinijeti to the evolutionaryevolucioni pressurespritisci
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i doprinositi evolucijskim pritiscima
04:25
to keep our speciesvrsta aboveiznad bananabanana slugspuževi.
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da našu vrstu održi iznad banana puža.
04:28
No offenseuvrede to bananabanana slugžeton ownersvlasnici. Thank you.
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Bez uvrede vlasnicima banana puževa. Hvala vam.
04:30
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com