ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Philip Zimbardo: The demise of guys?

菲利普·津巴多:男性的衰落?

Filmed:
2,470,575 views

心理学家菲利普·津巴多提出问题:“为什么男性在挣扎?” 他分享了一些数据(较低的毕业率,对爱情家庭关系的更多的担忧)并提出了几个可能的原因。他还需要你们的帮助!请欣赏他的演讲,并在如下网址 http://on.ted.com/PZSurvey 回应他的简短仅有10题的问卷调查。
- Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
So today今天, I want us to reflect反映
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今天,我希望各位能认识到
00:17
on the demise让位 of guys.
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男性的衰落
00:19
Guys are flaming炽盛 out academically学术上;
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男性在学术成就上正逐渐走向低谷
00:21
they're wiping out socially社交上 with girls女孩
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他们把大多时间都花在和女性社交
00:23
and sexually with women妇女.
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以及两性关系上
00:25
Other than that, there's not much of a problem问题.
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除此之外,没有什么大的问题
00:28
So what's the data数据?
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那么我们来看看数据是怎样的
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So the data数据 on dropping落下 out is amazing惊人.
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退学的数据非常惊人
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Boys男孩 are 30 percent百分 more likely容易 than girls女孩
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相比于女生
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to drop下降 out of school学校.
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男生的退学率要高百分之30
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In Canada加拿大, five boys男孩 drop下降 out for every一切 three girls女孩.
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在加拿大,每三名退学的女生就对应着五名退学的男生
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Girls女孩 outperform跑赢大市 boys男孩 now at every一切 level水平,
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现在女生在各个教育阶段都赶超了男生
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from elementary初级 school学校 to graduate毕业 school学校.
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从小学到研究生
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There's a 10 percent百分 differential微分
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相对于女性
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between之间 getting得到 BA'sBA的 and all graduate毕业 programs程式,
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男性在获得文科学士和其他研究生项学位上
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with guys falling落下 behind背后 girls女孩.
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落后百分之十
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Two-thirds三分之二 of all students学生们 in special特别 edED. remedial补救 programs程式 are guys.
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在特殊教育和后进学生教育中,三分之二的学生是男生
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And as you all know,
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同时正如你们所了解的
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boys男孩 are five times more likely容易 than girls女孩
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男生被诊断为注意力缺损症的几率
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to be labeled标记 as having attention注意 deficit赤字 disorder紊乱 --
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是女生的五倍
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and therefore因此 we drug药物 them with Ritalin利他林.
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因此我们才让他们服用利他林
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What's the evidence证据 of wiping out?
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那么这种衰落有什么迹象吗?
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First, it's a new fear恐惧 of intimacy亲密关系.
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首先,是对亲密关系的新恐惧
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Intimacy亲密关系 means手段 physical物理, emotional情绪化 connection连接
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亲密关系意味着和其他人身体上,感情上的
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with somebody else其他 --
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密切关系
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and especially特别 with somebody of the opposite对面 sex性别
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尤其是和异性
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who gives off ambiguous暧昧, contradictory矛盾,
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异性散发出朦胧的,矛盾的
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phosphorescent磷光 signals信号.
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磷光般的信号
01:20
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:24
And every一切 year there's research研究 doneDONE
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每年都有研究展开
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on self-reported自我报告 shyness害羞 among其中 college学院 students学生们.
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关于在大学生中出现的羞怯问题
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And we're seeing眼看 a steady稳定 increase增加 among其中 males男性.
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这一问题在男性群体中不断增长
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And this is two kinds.
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并且可分为两种
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It's a social社会 awkwardness重仓股.
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一种是社会尴尬
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The old shyness害羞 was a fear恐惧 of rejection拒绝.
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羞怯是一种对拒绝的恐惧
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It's a social社会 awkwardness重仓股 like you're a stranger陌生人 in a foreign国外 land土地.
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这是一种社会尴尬,就如你是异国土地上的陌生人
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They don't know what to say, they don't know what to do,
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他们不知道该说什么,也不知道该做什么
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especially特别 one-on-one一对一 [with the] opposite对面 sex性别.
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尤其是和异性一对一交流的时候
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They don't know the language语言 of face面对 contact联系,
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他们不知道如何进行面对面接触
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the non-verbal非语言 and verbal口头 set of rules规则
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非言语和言语的一套规则
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that enable启用 you to comfortably舒服 talk to somebody else其他,
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这些规则能使你舒适的和他人谈话
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listen to somebody else其他.
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倾听他人说话
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There's something I'm developing发展 here called social社会 intensity强度 syndrome综合征,
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我试图阐明的称作社交强度综合症
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which哪一个 tries尝试 to account帐户 for why guys really prefer比较喜欢
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它对为什么男性重视男性间联结
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male bonding结合 over female mating交配.
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超过对女性伴侣的感情做出一个合理解释
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It turns out, from earliest最早 childhood童年,
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因为从童年的最初期开始
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boys男孩, and then men男人,
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男孩,随之男人
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prefer比较喜欢 the company公司 of guys --
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喜欢男性的陪同
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physical物理 company公司.
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身体上的同伴
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And there's actually其实 a cortical皮质 arousal觉醒 we're looking at,
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我们看到的其实是一种皮层兴奋
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because guys have been with guys
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因为男生总是和其他男生一起
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in teams球队, in clubs会所, in gangs帮派, in fraternities联谊会,
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在运动队中,在社团中,在群体中,在兄弟会中
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especially特别 in the military军事, and then in pubs酒吧.
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尤其是在军队里,或酒吧里
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And this peaks at Super Bowl Sunday星期日
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这种现象在超级杯周日赛中会达到高峰
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when guys would rather be in a bar酒吧 with strangers陌生人,
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此时男生更乐意在酒吧里和陌生人在一起
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watching观看 a totally完全 overdressed盛装 Aaron亚伦 Rodgers罗杰斯 of the Green绿色 Bay Packers包装工,
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看穿的密密实实的绿湾包装工的艾伦·罗杰
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rather than Jennifer詹妮弗 Lopez洛佩兹 totally完全 naked in the bedroom卧室.
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而不是在卧室里一丝不挂的珍妮佛·洛佩兹
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The problem问题 is they now prefer比较喜欢
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问题是现在他们喜欢
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[the] asynchronisticasynchronistic Internet互联网 world世界
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虚幻的网络世界
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to the spontaneous自发 interaction相互作用
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而不是社交关系中
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in social社会 relationships关系.
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真实的互动
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What are the causes原因? Well, it's an unintended意外 consequence后果.
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原因是什么?其实这是一个意料之外的后果
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I think it's excessive过多 Internet互联网 use in general一般, excessive过多 video视频 gaming赌博,
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我想是因为过量的网络使用,过量的电子游戏
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excessive过多 new access访问 to pornography色情.
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过量的得到色情电影的新途径
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The problem问题 is these are arousal觉醒 addictions成瘾.
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问题是这些是兴奋成瘾
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Drug药物 addiction, you simply只是 want more.
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有毒瘾,你就想要更多毒品
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Arousal觉醒 addiction, you want different不同.
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兴奋成瘾,你想要不同的兴奋体验
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Drugs毒品, you want more of the same相同 -- different不同.
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毒品,你想要的是同一个东西--不同
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So you need the novelty新奇 in order订购 for the arousal觉醒 to be sustained持续.
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因此你需要新奇感来持续这种兴奋
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And the problem问题 is the industry行业 is supplying供应 it.
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问题是有产业来满足这种需求
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Jane McGonigalMcGonigal told us last year
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简·麦克格尼高去年告诉我们
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that by the time a boy男孩 is 21,
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当一个男生21岁的时候
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he's played发挥 10,000 hours小时 of video视频 games游戏,
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他已经玩了10000小时的电子游戏
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most of that in isolation隔离.
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大多都是在隔离的情况下独自一人
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As you remember记得, Cindy辛迪 Gallop驰骋 said
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如你所知,辛迪·盖洛普说
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men男人 don't know the difference区别
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男人不知道
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between之间 making制造 love and doing pornA片.
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做爱和看色情电影的区别
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The average平均 boy男孩 now watches手表 50 pornA片 video视频 clips剪辑 a week.
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现在的男生平均一周看50个色情视频
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And there's some guy watching观看 a hundred, obviously明显.
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明显地,也有一些男生每周看100个
03:28
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:30
And the pornA片 industry行业 is the fastest最快的 growing生长 industry行业 in America美国 --
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色情工业是如今美国发展最快的工业
03:33
15 billion十亿 annually每年.
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每年盈利150亿
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For every一切 400 movies电影 made制作 in Hollywood好莱坞,
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好莱坞每制作400部电影
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there are 11,000 now made制作 pornA片 videos视频.
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就有11000个色情视频制作好了
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So the effect影响, very quickly很快,
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因此这导致快速得
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is it's a new kind of arousal觉醒.
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供给新的兴奋
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Boys'男孩 brains大脑 are being存在 digitally数字 rewired重新布线 in a totally完全 new way
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男生的大脑被以全新的方式数字化重组
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for change更改, novelty新奇, excitement激动 and constant不变 arousal觉醒.
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为了变化,新奇感,激动以及经常性的兴奋
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That means手段 they're totally完全 out of sync同步 in traditional传统 classes,
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这意味着他们完全脱离了传统的类型
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which哪一个 are analog类似物, static静态的, interactively交互式 passive被动.
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传统分类是模拟的,静态的,交互被动的
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They're also totally完全 out of sync同步
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他们也完全脱离了
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in romantic浪漫 relationships关系,
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逐步巧妙构建的
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which哪一个 build建立 gradually逐渐 and subtly巧妙的.
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浪漫的男女关系
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So what's the solution? It's not my job工作.
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那么解决方案是什么?这不是我的工作
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I'm here to alarm报警. It's your job工作 to solve解决.
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我在这里是为了提醒,解决这问题是你们的工作
04:05
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:08
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
04:10
But who should care关心? The only people who should care关心 about this
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但谁应该顾虑?应该考虑这个问题的人
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is parents父母 of boys男孩 and girls女孩,
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是孩子们的父母
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educators教育工作者, gamers游戏玩家, filmmakers电影制片人
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教育者,游戏者,电影制作者
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and women妇女 who would like a real真实 man
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以及想遇到真正男人的女性
04:19
who they can talk to, who can dance舞蹈,
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他们可以一起交谈,跳舞
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who can make love slowly慢慢地
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可以舒缓的做爱
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and contribute有助于 to the evolutionary发展的 pressures压力
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为进化的压力做出一份贡献
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to keep our species种类 above以上 banana香蕉 slugs蛞蝓.
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保持我们的种族优越于香蕉蛞蝓
04:28
No offense罪行 to banana香蕉 slug金属块 owners拥有者. Thank you.
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无意冒犯香蕉蛞蝓饲主。谢谢
04:30
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Zhiqing Zhang
Reviewed by Chunxiang Qian

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Philip Zimbardo - Psychologist
Philip Zimbardo was the leader of the notorious 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment -- and an expert witness at Abu Ghraib. His book The Lucifer Effect explores the nature of evil; now, in his new work, he studies the nature of heroism.

Why you should listen

Philip Zimbardo knows what evil looks like. After serving as an expert witness during the Abu Ghraib trials, he wrote The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. From Nazi comic books to the tactics of used-car salesmen, he explores a wealth of sources in trying to explain the psychology of evil.

A past president of the American Psychological Association and a professor emeritus at Stanford, Zimbardo retired in 2008 from lecturing, after 50 years of teaching his legendary introductory course in psychology. In addition to his work on evil and heroism, Zimbardo recently published The Time Paradox, exploring different cultural and personal perspectives on time.

Still well-known for his controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, Zimbardo in his new research looks at the psychology of heroism. He asks, "What pushes some people to become perpetrators of evil, while others act heroically on behalf of those in need?"

More profile about the speaker
Philip Zimbardo | Speaker | TED.com